Batman vppon Bartholome his booke De proprietatibus rerum, newly corrected, enlarged and amended: with such additions as are requisite, vnto euery seuerall booke: taken foorth of the most approued authors, the like heretofore not translated in English. Profitable for all estates, as well for the benefite of the mind as the bodie. 1582.

¶INCIPIT LIBER QVARTVS. (Book 4)

¶Of the properties of the cor∣porall substaunce. (Book 4)

TO treate of the proper∣ties of mans body, and of the parts therof, we shall first begin to treate of the qualities of the elements and of the humors, of the which the body is made.

¶Of the foure qualities Elemen∣tarie. Chap. 1.

ELements there are foure, & so there be foure qualities of Elements, of the which euery bodie that hath a soule, is composed and made, as of matter. And namely mans bodie, that is noblest a∣mong all the Elements, and most nobly ordeined among all things, that be com∣posed

[illustration]

and made of diuerse thinges, as it that is assigned to y^e proper instrument, or organe of the reasonable soule, in his works, as well of kinde as of will. So mans bodie is made of foure Elements, that is to wit, of Earth, Water, Fire, & Aire: euery seuerall hath his proper qua∣lities. Foure be called the first and prin∣cipall qualityes, that is heate, cold, drie, & moist: they be called the first qualities, because they slide first from the Ele∣ments into the things that be made of Elements. They be also called the prin∣cipall qualities: for of them come all the secundarie effects. Two of these qualy∣tyes be called Actiue, able to worke hot, and coldnesse. The other two bée drye and wetnesse, and be called Passiue, able to suffer. And so as these qualyties preuaile and haue maisterie, the Ele∣ments be called Actiue and Passiue a∣ble to do y&e suffer. The first two be prin∣cipally called Actiue, not because they worke alone, for the Passiue qualityes worke also: for there is none idle qua∣litye in the bodie: But therefore they be called Actiue, for by the working of them the other be brought in & kept and saued. For heate sometime bringeth in and kéepeth moistnesse, and somtime dri∣nes, as it is séene in salt flesh. For y^e beat of the Salt dissolueth the parts that bée earthly, watry, and airebrand so by stac∣kening and softening of the heate is in∣duced moistnesse: Heate bringeth in dri∣nesse, for the heate working in moyst∣nesse dissolueth it first, and when it is dissolued consumeth it. And so drinesse which is the first of heat is induced, and also kept. Then heate is the qualitie of Elements most Actiue, as it séeneth by y^e effect thereof, while it worketh on anye thing, First it dissolueth the parts ther∣of, the which when they be dissolued, the thing is made féebler, that was stronger, by the ioyning togethers of the partes. And therefore the act of the thing that worketh, maketh lesse resistaunce. Also heate is the subtile, worker of all that is ingendered, and the cause effec∣tuall principally of the whole Genera∣tion. Heat is of two manner wise, heate of the Sunne, or heauenlye, gendering. And this heate gendereth and saueth. And therefore sometime Frogges bée gendered in the Ayre by the heate of heauen. That other heate, is the heate of the Elementes, and gendered: and this heate corrupteth and destroyeth, as when the Beames of lyght com∣meth togethers in a certaine point of a cleere bodye. As if the Beames were compound in a mirrour, there might be kindled and burned cloth or such lyke, by the rebounding of the Beames. Al∣so it bringeth and leadeth the neather thinges to the ouer. For making moo∣uing from the middle to the vttermost, it dissolueth and turneth what is earth∣lye into watrye, and watrye into aire∣ly, and airelye into firie. And so bring∣eth the neather and the middle into the ouer. Also it softeneth and maketh soft things that bée harde. For working in great boistous substaunce, mollisteth it dissoluing: as it is séene in mettall that melteth with heate: For dissoluing earthlye thinges into watrye, maketh them tender. Also softe thinges and fléeting it maketh it harde, as it is séene in an Egge that is roasted.* 1.1 For when the moyst and most subtill partes bée wasted awaye, it maketh harde the earthlye partes that abide. And so the Egge waxeth hards: and harde and thicke thinges it maketh subtille, while it mooueth from the middle to the vt∣termost partes, by his strength it dis∣solueth and dealeth the thing that it worketh in, and maketh it couenable and agréeable to his working. While it trauayleth to make a thing simple, it must néedes make it subtill, for the simplenesse of a boystous thing, is the subtilnesse that commeth in, by withdrawing of fastnesse and thicknesse of partes: as it is séene in Ise,* 1.2 that is made subtill when it is thawed by ••ente. Also heate by his vertue clean∣seth mettalles, and destroyeth the ruste thereof, and other filth. For work∣ing in the substaunce of the same met∣tall dissolueth it. And if it findeth a∣nye thing of drosse, eyther of ruste, it departeth and destroyeth it. If if bée an•• Golde, the strength of the heate

melteth it, but it is not destroyed. For fine golde though it melt with heate, yet it looseth nothing of his weight. Also heate accidently corrupteth, as it hap∣peneth, when it dissolueth more then it wasteth, then the humours rot and bee corrupted. As it fareth in a wet moowe of wheate, where the heate closed therin, resolueth and dealeth the water into smoake. And the smoak holden close in, softneth the graines, and rotteth and cor∣rupteth it. Also heate maketh kindlye heauy things light. For when the moy∣sture is wasted by heate, the weight is the lesse. And so the substance of y^e thing is made more light. And by heat work∣ing in moysture, smoake is gendered, the which smoake is made light & purged, & turneth into a subtil & light substance of aire, and maketh the thing that it is in the more light. And therefore it is, that the bodyes of beasts that be aliue, are farre more lighter then the bodyes of beasts that be dead, through the heat and spirit that is conteined in the organes & vaines: and so bodies of beasts be lighter after meat, thē afore, for comfort of heat. Also it happeneth, that with working, heate maketh things heauie. For wor∣king in the substaunce of a thing, it con∣sumeth & wasteth the most subtil & light parts: & grose & ponderous parts abide. And then the thing is more sadde, fast; and also the more heauie. Also by ope∣ning of small holes & pores, by strength of the heate, the spirits be drawen out, by whose absence the bodie is made lighter, and by presence of them the bo∣dy is the more heauier. Also heate gen∣dereth beautie and red coulour. For hee working in y^e matter, resolueth y^e earth∣ly parts, and turneth them into watrye, and into airely, & firely. And then firely parts inclose the vttermost parts of the thing, & giueth it a likenes. And so firely coulours that is red, be gendered as it is seene in roses. Wherfore when by heat, hot humours be multiplied in the body, or in the heart, then by spreding of these hot humours in the vttermost parts of the bodie, red coulour is increased. Also it happeneth that heate discouloureth a thing. For by heate opening the pores, humors and spirits goe out and vanish. Whose presence causeth good coulour, & by their absence coulour is lost: Then discoulour is gendered, as it is seene in a red rose, that waxeth white in the smoak of Brimstone. And if heat be strong, it slaieth kindlye. For while the last mo∣uing worketh in the substaunce, at last it dissolueth it, and in dissoluing destroy∣eth it at the end. And it happeneth that heate saueth the lyfe: for by heate that giueth mouing to the heart and to the spirites, the spirites be restored in the bodie. And the foode is equally dispear∣sed into the lims, and so the bodie hath lyfe.

Then of this that is saide, gather thou, that heate is an Element in pro∣pertie most able to work, most pearcing, most moueable to moue, gendred of mo∣uing of beames, and multiplyeth it selfe, and commeth to other, and chaungeth into his owne likenesse things that hée worketh in. And giueth lyfe to thinges that be dead and destroyed with colde,* 1.3 & renueth them: as it is séene in rootes & plants, that die in the winter colde, and reliuen in the heate and springing time. Heate bringeth the neather thing to the ouer, and draweth and destroieth super∣fluities, and clenseth filth and hoarnesse. And in diuerse matters it worketh di∣uerse effects, and sometime contraryes. And therefore now it maketh thin and soft, and melteth, and openeth, and re∣turneth: Now it maketh thicke & hard, and constraineth and maketh to shrink, and it stoppeth, and saueth: and now it destroieth. And by his vertue it chaung∣eth sauours. For heat chaungeth sowre things and sharpe, into swéete, as it is seene in fruites, and in grapes. Also pas∣sing great heate turneth swéete thinges into bitter and salt. For by passing great heat burning the bloud, the bloud tour∣neth into Colera. And by greate heate, water by strong séething, consuming partes ayrely, and the earth remaining, the water turneth into substannce of Salt. And heat defieth and séetheth rawe things, and ripeth gréene things, & ma∣keth fruit ripe. Therefore in hot Coun∣tryes fruit so sooner ripe then in colde,

and also more swéete. And heate bring∣eth forth matter, and shape lykenesses that be hidde in the matters, as in small beasts and wormes. For by working of heate, golde, siluer, and other mettals be brought forth of stones, and be beautifi∣ed in a more noble shape. And by heate that dissolueth and cleanseth ashes, the ashes turne to glasse: And so it appea∣reth, that heate of aire and of kinde is minister and seruaunt. For by meane of heate the noblest shapes and likenesses as well of kinde as of craft, that be hid, commeth forth in act and in déede. Also heate t••••t is printed in the aire, gende∣reth raine: and clowdes, thundering and lightening, and dew, and other such. For by the vertue thereof that worketh and draweth diuerse vapours, drie & moist, be drawen vp to diuers places and regi∣ons of the aire, the which gathered to∣gether into clowdes, and the heate inclo∣sed altereth and chaungeth them into di∣uerse kindes, which at length it dissol∣ueth: and béeing dissolued, some into Snowe, some into Hails, and some into raine, sprinckleth them all about into the earth. And heate raiseth the bodie that it is in; from the middle to the ouermost roundnesse, as it is some in the Ele∣ments, in the which heate hath the ma∣sterie: as in the Ayre & in the fire, that is farthest from the middle of the earth. And also this is séene in Oyle, that flée∣teth and swimmeth alone, and in all other things, in which heate hath ma∣sterie. Also it sheweth the disposition and qualitie of the body that it is in. As appeareth in the bodye, that heate hath the masterie ouer. For as Constantinus sayth, lib••r. ••. cha. 16. If the body be hot, then is much slash, and little fatnesse, redde coulour, much haire blacke or redde, hotte touching, good vnderstan∣ding, a man of great facun••••itie, a quicke goer, vardye, wrathfull, louelye, leche∣rous and desiring much, and hastelye defien••••, or of good digestion, of sharpe voyce, shamefast, of strong and swifte pulse, Constant sheweth these signes, and many other, by the which an hot bodye is knowne. This sufficeth at this time that is spoken of the proper∣tie of heate.

¶Of Coldnesse. Chap. 2.

COldnesse is a working propertye of an Element qualytie, more weaker in working then heate. For thereof the moouing is from the vter partes, to the middle. And therfore it maketh the partes of the bodye that it worketh in, to drawe néere togethers. And there∣fore it worketh his effect in the bodye more slowlye, and with the more diffi∣cultie. Also though it coole kindlye, and maketh colde, yet otherwhiles it hea∣teth. Wée sée in the winter, that when colde stoppeth the holes and powers of the bodie, the hot f••mositie draweth in∣warde, and hath not the frée out going, for that they bée held within, they smite togethers and heate themselues. And so other whiles the colde that is with∣out, maketh heate within. And colde maketh thicke and sadde: for colde ma∣keth the partes moue toward•• the mid∣dle, and so the partes cleaue néere to∣gethers, for the parts were before from the middle farre a sunder, by moysture put betwéene: but by drawing toge∣thers of that moisture, the partes drawe toward the middle, and bée néere togethers. Also though colde bringeth the partes toward the middle, and kind∣ly ioyneth them together: yet it happe∣neth that it departeth and dealeth the parts a sunder, as it is séene in y^e braine that is thrust with colde, by strength of the using the moisture that is therein, is wrong out, and falleth of, by diuers E∣mun••toryes of the braine, & is shedde or spilt, as appeareth in them that haue the catarre or ruine in the breast, caused of colde. Also kindlye colde maketh sadde and rough: for when by working of colde, the partes come and cleeuie néere togethers, all the thing is made more sadde and boystous. Farther by colde thrusting together firie partes, then hée thicked into airely, and airely, •••••• wa∣try, and the watry into earthly, and so the whole is made groser. But it happeneth colde maketh the thing subtil. For when by colde constraining and thrusting

the partes together, much moysture is thrust and wrong out, the which moy∣sture conteined in small holes and pores, maketh the thing sad and boy∣stous. Then if the moysture bée away, the thing is more subtill, as it is séene in a skinne that is washed and wrong. Al∣so though by constraining the partes to∣gether, and wringing out the spirites, maketh a thing kindlye heauie: yet if happeneth that colde maketh a thing light: for by wringing out of y^e moisture the which greeued, all the thing is made light. Also temporate colde kéepeth and saueth things aliue. For while by colde moisture, the incensing and killing of heate is let, and so as the moysture is resolued little and little by the powers: euen so lyttle and little it is wasted: and so heate is let that it may not dis∣solue the thing. Also by the benefit of colde a thing is kepte without stink∣ing, and so in colde places, and caues, ca••••ions without stinke, through colde lyttle and little are wasted. Also small holes and powers bée closed by con∣straining of colde: and to the rooted hu∣•••••• bée let that they may not drawe the vtter to the inner, yet accidentlye colde corrupteth and destroyeth. For when colde letteth defieng and digesti∣on in the stomacke, the working of kindlye heate is letted. And corrupte humours be gendered, of the which fol∣loweth corruption of the body, while the corrupte humours bée incorpo∣rate and knit to the bodye. And that is séeneth woundes, to the which bée layde colde salues and medicines, which constraine and cause the powers for to bée stopped, and so the new sumo∣sities make the flesh softe within, and fretting and corrupting it, they make it to rot.

Also by kinde, colde causeth and ma∣keth things so be discouloured ill, as we see in Winter the heate of the bodie, or of the heart, voiding his contrarie, and leadeth the humour and the spirit with him inward. And so the vtter side of the ••al••t made weake, of heate maketh euill cou••ea••••o. As it appeareth in lippes and cheekes. But it happeneth that cold ma∣keth things well couloured. For it con∣straineth and stoppeth the powers. And so the humours and the spirites be helde in, and by their presence the vtter side of the skinne is couloured. And by kind too great colde slaieth. For if it constraine and stop to soare, the spirites faile in the heart. And so if the heart be dead, from the which procéedeth life so the other partes, the other parts must needes die. Also through too greate colde, féeble heat is quenched. And so the spirit Vitalis, of lyfe, lacketh foode and is stifled.* 1.4 But it is straunge in shapes, that colde giueth life, as it is séene in a manner kinde of birds that grow out of trées, that spring∣eth as it were swellings, and burgenen out of trées in stéed of fruit. But as long as they be in the trée, they haue no life. And the Commentator Super librū Ve∣getabilium saith, that hapneth through the porrositie of the trée that draweth the sumositie from the rinde. But when the holding breaketh, the birds fall into the water. And the colde stoppeth the holes and the powers without, and holdeth the sumositie within: the which beate to∣gethers are pured and made subtill, and are turned into a spirit. And by the mul∣tiplieng and spreading of that spirit into all the partes, she sayd birds take lyfe, and turne into a manner kinde of birds. The which be much vnlike to other birds in complection and in kinde. They haue little flesh and lesse of bloud: and therefore they bée couenable, so saith the same Commentatour. But to them that marke it well it ministreth matter of the praising of God ghostly: for spiritually it representeth them, that the spirit of God gendereth by the trée of the crosse in the water of following:* 1.5 in the which is not great desire of flesh and of bloud: the which reléeued by spirite, desire, and couet to flye to hea∣uen with all theyr might and strength. But thereof wée shall speake after. Al∣so colde is the mother of whitenesse and of palenesse, as heate is the mother of rednesse and of blacknesse. And so in hot Countryes blacke men and browne bée borne, as among the Moores. In colde Countryes white men bée borne.

As among the Selauons, as sayth Ari∣stotle in li. de coelo & mundo. And hée telleth the reason why, & sayth, That in cold Countries, the Mothers of women be disposed to conceiue such children. Therefore they beare children with white skinnes, that haue long, yeolowe, soft, and straight haire. The contrarie is in hot countries. Where women beare children that haue blacke cripse and lit∣tle haire, as in the Negroes Countrie. Then colde sheweth it selfe in the bo∣die, that colde hath the mastery within. For in the bodies that colde hath the masterie ouer, the coulour is white, the haire soft and straight, the wit hard and forgetful, little appetite, much sléep, heauie in going and slow, as saith Con∣stantinus. li. 1. Chap.17. This shall not alway be vnderstood to be in euery colde néedelye, but in comparison to the com∣plection of the heate, that hath mastery, and in proportion of the hot land to the colde region, authours say these things, and haue lefte them written in theyr bookes to them that come after. This that is sayd sufficeth of the properties of colde at this present time. For other pro∣perties be known to the contrary of that is said afore of heate.

¶Of drought. Chap. 3.

DRought is an Element quality pas∣siue able to suffer: and is brought in, now by heate, and now by colde. But it followeth more with heate then with colde. For drought is the file of heate. Drought is saide as it were without moisture: For drought and moisture be contrary. The principal effect of drought is to make drie: as the effect of moy∣sture is to make wet, and hath many se∣condarie effectes: as to make thicke, rough, and to cause slow mouing to con∣sume, to destroy, and slay. And that pro∣pertie that drieth, draweth principallye the moyst parts from the vtter partes, towarde the middle: And for that a moist thing shonlde not all to shedde the substaunce of it selfe by fleeting, drought putteth it selfe as it were a bounde, to lette the fleeting and shed∣ding: As we see in Cliffes in the Sea brimmes, the drinesse of the Grauell set∣teth abound to the Sea, and where the kindly drinesse of the earth hath the ma∣sterient suffereth not the sleeting surges or violent waues of the Sea to passe a∣ny father, as saith Gregorie super. Iob.38.* 1.6 Qui posuit mari terminum, &c. He hath set boundes about the waters, vntill the day and night come to an end. And Hierome super Ieremy saith the same.* 1.7 Posuit arenam terminum mari, &c. Feare ye not me saith the Lord,* 1.8 or will you not be afraide at my presence, which haue placed the sande for the boundes of the Sea, by the perpetuall decree that it cannot passe it, and though the waters thereof rage, yet can they not preuaile, though they roare, yet can they not passe ouer it. And the Philoso∣pher saith the same more plainely. Then drines that is not perfectly bound in his alone equalitie, reboundeth and thickeneth the moist qualitie, that is in it superfluous, fastned and congeled, and is a stedfast héeding of the fléeting there∣of. For drinesse is the euill or enimy of heate, that is stirred vp by moouing, ey∣ther by working, it dissolueth and dis∣pearseth the moisture, or by ouerwork∣ing it consumeth it altogethers, thus spread in the limmes, it draweth forth moistnesse and humour, and maketh the body drie, and shriueleth the skinne together like a withered skinne. Also drinesse hath somtime moisture: for if it mooueth towarde the middle, it con∣straineth and draweth the limmes toge∣thers: And so by constraining the wet∣nesse is wrongen out, the which before was shedde through the bodie, and so the bodye séemeth to be wet, that was before drie. Also we sée vpon the kind∣lye drie hilles, hearbes growe that bée moist of kinde, as the hearbes that bée called Simbalaria, Vermicularia, Cras∣sula,* 1.9 and other. And this is no won∣der. For the drinesse that taketh héede by kinde to saue the Hill, and kéepe it in his drinesse, and that by drinesse that is like thereto, and by the vertue attractiue, of drawing, it draweth too nourishing, and seedeth things that is drieng.

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And hateth moisture and filleth it, as hid contrarye, and putteth of anone to the rootes of the hearbes that be in the vt∣ter part of the hill, and be put out of the inner partie, as it were things superflu∣ous and néedlesse. And so rootes draw to them humours, that be nourished ther∣with, and made moist. Héereto accordeth the Commentours reson super librum Methororum, where he saith, that wels and riuers springeth out of mountains, and hilles, for mountaines be full os holes, cliffes, and dennes: and haue within much hot aire: And the moun∣taines drawe much thinges to them, by reason of boydnesse, and also because of hotte ayre, that is closed therein. And what that is drawen like to the hill in drinesse, is corporate and fastned there∣to. And what is vnlike or disagréeing in moisture, is put of, and gathered in one place, and that the last is put out by heads of Welles. And pearcing, hollow∣ing, and springeth awaye, and thereof come riuers. Then drynesse draweth to it selfe what is néedfull, and fasteneth thereto what is like, and putteth there∣from thinges that bée superfluous and vnlyke thereto. Also drinesse by kinde maketh things leane in flesh, and bar∣ren in grounde. For if drinesse haue the masterie in a thing, it wasteth the moi∣sture that it findeth therein, and so that thing becommeth leane. Also drinesse maketh things hard. For it destroyeth the moisture that maketh it softe: as wée sée in many things, especially in clay, the which when it is drie, is hard. Also drinesse working in a subtill thing, as in airely substaunce or watrye, maketh it more subtile and more cléere. As we sée when the Northerne wind bloweth, the aire is the more drie and subtill. It may happen that drines maketh things soft. For when the drinesse wasteth the moi∣sture that fasteneth the parts together, then followeth consequently the separa∣tion and softnesse of the partes, as wee sée in old trées and timber when drought hath wasted the moisture thereof, they be soft and fall into pouder, that is softe to handle and to féele. Also kindly drinesse maketh things rough. For drinesse wor∣king wasteth the moisture that hee fin∣deth, & hardneth the moisture y^t he maye not wast in the vtter partes, and so the vtter parts be vneuen with hollownes sunk, & with hardnesse crumpled, wherof commeth roughnesse, which is nothing else but an vneuennesse in a hard thing. But so it happeneth, y^t sometime it ma∣keth things smooth: as when y^e heate is sharped by drines, which heat by his ac∣cident dissolueth the humours, & the hu∣mours so dissolued, sweateth outward, & maketh the thing soft & smooth. Also dri∣nesse maketh slow moouing. For by ma∣stery of drinesse, the parts that are aire∣ly and watrie be made thicke & grose, & turne into earth, and the thing is more heauy and more slow to mouing. Also by too great drinesse the spirits be put out, and by the multitude of them the bodye moueth the more swiftlye,* 1.10 then when drinesse maketh the lesse spirits, the bo∣die moueth the more slowly. But some∣time drinesse helpeth moouing. For dri∣nesse mouing to the middleward equal∣ly, it leadeth the vtter parts to the mid∣dle. And the partes binde about in a roundnesse that may be rowled. And by reason roundnesse hath no corners to let it, by his rowling is the more able to moue. Also moderate drines wasting the superfluities of moisture, maketh spirits subtill and pure, and maketh them more swift. For they béeing purged from the superfluitie that grieued the bodye, they make the bodie more apt and able to the same mouing. Also by kinde drinesse destroyeth and wasteth the humours:* 1.11 it maketh the bodie voyde and leane, and poore of féeding and wasted. Also by kinde, drinesse derstroyeth:* 1.12 for it de∣stroyeth and constuneth the moysture substantiall, that féedeth the bodie mate∣rially, and ioyneth the partes togethers. And destroieng of such moisture is cause why a bodie that hath a soule, or a bo∣die without soule, is destroyed and wa∣sted. Also speciallye drinesse destroieth bodyes that haue soules: for kindly spi∣rits and natural spirits that be of moist smoke it dissolueth, when that moisture is wasted: then lacking matter and spi∣rit, of necessitye the body dieth.

And so drinesse is the worst qualitie and slaieng, if it excéed, when it is not cleane put out by abundance of moisture:* 1.13 but yet by hap it giueth life. For sometime rumatike humours commeth to the spi∣rituall parts, and stoppe the waies of the spirit, and bee in point to stifle the bo∣die. Then commeth drinesse or drie medicines, and worketh and destroyeth such humours, and openeth the waies of the spirit, and so the bodie that is as it were dead, hath liuing. Though drinesse be néedfall in euery bodye that is made of Elementes, to wast the superflui∣tie of moisture, and to coarte the same moysture, and also to excite slacke heate: yet drines slayeth, and is the worst qua∣lytie, when it passeth the due proportion in bodies. For it is wont to gender in bodyes full euill sicknesses and hurtful, as the Tisike, and Etike, and other such euills, the which may scarcely be holpe by succour of medicines. Also by consu∣ming & wasting of the humours of fee∣ding it drieth the bodie, and draweth the skinne togethers, and maketh it riueled, and hasteth: age, and maketh the bo∣die euill couloured and deformed, and is cause of inordinate thirst. And maketh the organes the enterance into the sto∣marke, rough, and letteth the voice, and maketh it hoarse, and spoileth the head of the haire, and maketh it bald, & draw∣eth togethers, & maketh crooked the toes and fingers of the féete and hands: as it is séene in leporous men. This that is sayde of the effects and properties of dri∣nesse is sufficient at this time.

¶Of moisture. Chap. 4.

MOisture is an Element quality pas∣siue, able to suffer, obedient to wor∣king and printing of the Actiue, & wor∣king qualities, and taketh sodeinlye the working of heate and colde. Moisture féedeth all bodies, and specially the bo∣dies that haue soules, and maketh them ware and growe, and keepeth them, and restoreth that which is left in the body. For by moysture and heate all thinges be bread, as the Philosopher sayth, and things ingendered both nourisheth and féedeth, as we see in rootes and seedes. For the graine that is put in the earth must first bée nourished with moisture of water and of aire, and be spread and opened abroade by kindly heate that is closed therein. And at the last by kindly working of heate, the moysture béeing resolued, sendeth the more grose and rarthlye partes thereof downewarde to the earth, the which parts the earth fa∣keth within it selfe, and mixeth and quaileth them by heate that is therein. And tourneth them into the kinde of a root by conioyning of moisture. And that moisture of the roote left behinde, and so bread in the roote, the humour that it findeth, draweth into the earth lyke it selfe. And also it draweth by the draw∣ing vertue of heat that is closed within. And when it hath so drawen, it turneth into the féeding thereof, as much as sufficeth. And heate dissolueth and dea∣leth, and maketh subtill that other part, that néedeth not to the féeding thereof. And the root sendeth it vpward, and tur∣neth it first into the substaunce of the chawing, and then into the substance of the stocke either stalke. And at the last into the substaunce of boughs & twigs, and leaues, and blossomes, and of fruit. And for moisture it is the séeding and matter of all thing that liueth. It shew∣eth that moisture féedeth all thing that liueth, & is ioyned thereto: and moisture by shedding of it selfe, maketh such thinges waxe and grow in length, déep∣nesse, breadth and thicknesse. Also moy∣sture restoreth what is lost in bodies that haue life and soule. For by heate working alwaie within and without, bodies be consumed and wasted, & shuld bastely and soone be destroyed: but if it were restored againe by moysture. And therfore by cōtinual drawing to of moi∣sture is néedfull, that the restoring of what is lost by continuaunce, the bo∣dye may bée restored and saued. Also moysture kéepeth and saueth these nea∣ther things that bée vnder the Moone. For by continuall gathering of beames and light in the ayre and earth, so great shoulde be bréeding of heate and of dri∣nesse that the ayre shoulde fall a fire, and burne the vtter side of the earth.

But if the working of heate were not mittigated by the moisture of aire and of water, & wer reduced by due proportion to temperatnesse. And therefore God set∣teth to the well of heate the well of all humour, as Macrobius saith, that the vi∣olence of heat might be tempered by the presence of humour set, to withstand it. And so the shape of the world may bée saued:* 1.14 for else by too great heate it shuld sodeinly faile. Also moisture ioyneth to∣gethers the partes of the earth. For the earth is so drie, that euery part thereof shoulde fall from other; if it were not in••istened with moisture of water.

Therefore kinde made mountaines and hills hollow, and the earth with caues, vautes, and cliffes in places, and full of holes. That so by cause of vorvnesse should bée great drawing in of ayre and of water, to slake the kindly drieng of the earth, and the partes thereof, that else woulde fall. And so as bloud doth, runuing through the vaines of the bo∣die, the same doth moysture in the vains of the earth. For it moysteneth the dri∣nesse of the earth, and disposeth it to beare fruit. And moysture hath certeine properties and effectes, that be the first and kindly. And some that bée secunda∣rye, and some Casuall, as other qualy∣ties haue. By kinde moisture is moue∣able, fléeting, and euill bounding in it selfe but yet it is staide by other bound, as sayth the Philosopher. And it mak∣eth moue from the middle outward, and shedding it selfe in fleeting, it should de∣stroy whollye his subiect; if nothing let∣ted the fleeting therof, the which shoulde bounde his fléeting by reduction to the middle. As wée see that of drinesse of grauell to the Sea, cliffes and stronds stopped, and holde in the stoud of the Sea and turneth it somewhat inwarde. Also by kinde, moisture maketh things softe.

For by withdrawing and spréeding thereof, it slacketh and draweth a∣broad, and maketh softe the harde com∣pact partes of the matter. And it hap∣peneth that moysture maketh harde: as wée sée in Postumes and Botches, in the which colde humours come to∣gethers, and smiting the most partes to the colde middlewarde, they come thicke and harde. And oftentimes the partes chaunge into Skliresim, that is hardnesse. The same happeneth of ouermuch heate, wasting the moist partes, the which when they bé wa∣sted, the greate partes and sadde be thrust togethers, and made harde.

Also by kinde, moisture cleanseth &: for by softening therof, and of the parte, by the which it is shadde, it slacketh the senowing partes, and departeth them a¦sunder, and maketh them slipper and slidinge, and moueth and washeth them awaye, as it is séene, naistely, in water that is moist, and washeth by kinde, and most cleanseth hoarie things. And that is speciallye if it helpe the moisture: as it is séene in Branne of Wheat or of Rie; and in the root of a plant that is named and properly called Bryonie in Latine, and also in Sope, & in Meale of Beanes, and in other such.* 1.15 For all these wash away the falth of the face and of all the bodie, and maketh pure and cleane. Also for he moueth kindly from the middle towarde the vt∣ter partes, and that moouing is not full strong of it selfe, but stowe in compari∣son to the moouing of the heate: and so moisture sheddeth it selfe principally in∣to the sideward, and stretcheth not much vpward without helpe of heate. But other while heate hath washerie therin, and worketh therein, the most matter béeing obedient; stretcheth it selfe euery whether, 〈…〉〈…〉 is vpward, & in length: for the strength of heate beareth it vp∣warde, & sheddeth euen to the lifter most pa••tes: And so 〈…〉〈…〉 vp and •••• vp∣on in length. And bodyes in the which heate hath the 〈…〉〈…〉ry, kindly and ge∣nerally they the higher; longe•••• and more ••••nder, then such bodye••••, •••• the which much moisture so••••h the masterye and steele heate: worketh, contrarye the s••••s f••sindo. And therefore, hot men; •••• ••ho•• levike, the substantiall humour of heate béeing obedient to the work∣ing, be shore longer, that is to witte, the flumaticke, and in all extremy∣tyes of the eddye, the other partes

and circumstaunces equall héere & there, running together in slendernesse & length they be more apte. If there be much heat and much humour, not too much nei∣ther too lyttle to the working of y^e heat, but couenably and measurably, then the bodies euery wayes be great, high, long, and broad. They be high through the heate that beareth vp to the topwarde, the most subtill parts of the moysture. Broad and thicke, through the vertue of heate that sheddeth the sad parts of the moisture, as it néedeth to euery side, and vniteth one part to another: so moisture maketh kindly things smooth and softe: for if moystnesse be shed into the vtter parts of a thing, it filleth all the voyde places thereof, and maketh them euen & plaine, and so it maketh smooth and soft. But yet it happeneth sometime it ma∣keth rough, as when in some case, hot humours and cold fléeteth and commeth together to one place. The hot humors beare vp the vttermost parts of y^e thing, and colde humours beare downwarde the vttermost partes: and so contrarye humours, worke contrariousnesse & vn∣euennesse, with roughnes in y^e vtter part of the body. Also if moysture be in the body temperate, as it néedeth, it helpeth all the working of the soule, and of the body also. For of humours the spirites that rule the body, be bread and conser∣ued therein. Also the vertues of the spi∣rits worke their effects in all the lyms of the body sensitiue and motiue, by mi∣nistration and seruice of humours, as it appeareth in the vertue of sight, which by meane of a Christiall humour, work∣eth the sight in the eye. Also the vertue of taaft béemeth neue•• betwéene sauors, but by meane of the humour of spittle, and so of other. For if the substauntiall moysture be destroyed or corrupted in the body, all the working of the soule is let. If there be in all the body, or in any part thereof too much moysture, y^t maye not be ruled of kinde, then moysture is cause and matter of rotting and of cor∣ruption, & bréedeth in the body full euill passions & sicknes: as it is séen in Apo∣plexra,* 1.16 in the which euill superfluitie of moisture, occupieth so al the chambers & dennes of the braine, that the spirit, that is called, Spirites Animalis, maye not passe by the sinewes of feelyng, to make the body feele and moue: and so taketh from the soule his working in the body: And also it taketh from the body feeling and mouing; and bringeth in at last, stif∣lyng and death: as sayth Galen in the Commente super Aphoris. exponens verhū Hippocratis. ••Soluere Apoplexi∣am fortem impossibile ell: dobilem ve∣ro noo facile. Moysture of fleame occu∣pieng all the region of the brayne, stop∣peth the wayes of the sinewes, that the spirite Animalis, maye not come to the neather part: and so the breath is stop∣ped, and the lyfe ended. This moysture defaulteth sometime in qualytie, & some∣time in quantitie, and that sometime by an inwarde cause, and sometime by outwarde cause. By inwarde cause, as by euill complection, when the hurtfull moysture is rooted in the lymmes, and may not be dissolued & wasted by kindly heate, neyther be chaunged from his ma∣lyce: Such moysture in diuers places of the body breedeth-diuers sicknesses, as it is seene in Ep••••epsia, the fallyng Euill, when it commeth of the stopping of the powers and bray••e: and also of y^e drop∣sie; when it commeth of euil complection of the lynes. Also of an outward cause, as of things, that Iohannieus and Ga∣••e•• rall vnkindly things, as aire, meate, and drinke, sléeping and waking, fasting, and too much eating and drinking, wor∣king, trauellyng, and rest. All these, if they be taken as kind as keth, they breed and kéepe substaunciall moysture, and repayre and restore what is lost. And if they bée taken in contrary man∣ner, they haue contrarye effect and doo∣ing. For then they bréede vnkinde moysture, and cause diuers grose and heauye humoures to increase, or els they corrupt, alter and chaunge kindly moysture, as sayeth Galen in Apho∣rismo. Hippocratis particula tertia fuper illum locum, Immutationes temporum maxime generant morbos, &c. That is, The often course and chaunging of times most bréedeth sick∣nesses.

Galen saith, That Ipocras meaneth, that times of the yeare bréed not sicknes, but chaungings of complection of the selfe time. When the complection of y^e ayre, which ought to be according to y^e time, is turned into the contrary: as when the complection of Spring time, that should be hot and moyst, turneth, and is made colde and drye, as it were in Haruest time, and so of other. For if the aire of Spring time be generallye colde & drye, and in the Winter afore, the aire was as it were in Spring time hot & moyst, then it must néedes followe, that manye men shall be sicke in Spring time. And also women that goe with childe, shall be beliuered afore their time by little oc∣casion. And Galen telleth this reason: For by the moysture and heate of the Winter that was arose, much moystnes is bred in bodyes, & knitting of fleame. If the aire in Spring time be colde and drye in the beginning: it closeth small holes, and suffereth not the fumositie to passe out, and the heate holden in, dissol∣neth the superfluitie of moysture, that was bred in the Winter. And for y^t the heate is féeble, and maye not dissolue it, neither make therein perfect digestion, nor wast it at the full: it sendeth that moysture vndissolued, now to the ouer lymmes, and now to the neather: where being mired, it is cause of diuers euills: as if it goe vp to the head, it maye bée cause of rume and of hoarcenesse: if it go into the bowells, & the fleame be salt, it bréedeth Dissenteriam, a fluxe, that hi∣deth the guts, and so of other. The same reason may be in women, y^t be deliuered afore their time: for that moysture flée∣teth to the place that is called, the Mo∣ther, and grieueth it, and softeneth & sla∣keth that that should hold the childe, and so the childe is borne afore the time. And Auicen assigneth another cause, And thus must we vnderstande of other passions of the aire, and of the time: that the qualitie of that aire is chaunged by too great heate, that disolueth either wasteth too spéedely: either by too lyttle heate that putteth not off the superfluitie at full. And so we should vnderstand of too great colde, that closeth poores, & hol∣deth the humours, and draweth them to soone togethers. But of hotte ayre and colde, this that is sayde shall suffice at this time.

¶Of meate and drinke. Cap. 5.

OF meate and drinke if appeareth. For that by withdrawing of féeding of meate and drinke moysture is with∣drawen, and drinesse commeth in, and thereby the heat is the stronger, and fin∣ding not wherein it should worke, tour∣neth it selfe to the substancial moysture and working therein, maketh it hollow and wasteth it, and returneth.* 1.17 If meate or drinke passeth measure, moysture pas∣seth too swifte, and kinde heat féebleth, for it is not sufficient to worke digesti∣on, but yet heate doth what it may: For it dissolueth somewhat of the superflui∣tie of the meate y^t is taken. That that is resolued, when it is great smoake and vndefied, it commeth vp to the brayne, and smiting Miringas, * 1.18 the smal Curtels thereof, hurteth and grieueth them sore, And bréedeth sometimes the Migram, An aking in the forepart of the head,* 1.19 where through the abundaunce of the moyst humour, the eyes waxe bleare and dimme: and other euill passions of the head. And sometime that malitious smoke smiteth to the rootes of y^t sinews of féelying, and passeth into y^t innermost partes of the sinewes in his sharpnesse and force, and letteth the spirite of fee∣lyng that is therein and grieueth him: and so it distempereth the substance and the vse of reason, and taketh awaye the kindlye mouing of the tongue, that tel∣leth what reason meaneth, and maketh the tongue stammer and fayle, as it is séene in drunken men. Also oftentimes, it letteth and destroyeth altogether kind∣ly mouing: as appeareth in them that shake and quake, and haue the palsie. And no wonder: For the powers that should rule in the sinewes and all the members and lymmes be ouerset, as ouerflowed with a vapor infecting kind∣ly iuyee in the bodye, but that sharpe smoake having masterie, and coueting to subdue y^t kindly vertue, purposeth and

striueth to beare downward the member or lymme. And so of this double con∣trary mouing one heauing vpward, and another thrusting downward, a trem∣blyng or quaking of the lymmes is ofte ingendered. And at last if this vertue of ruling be all ouercome, then the palsie or death hath masterie in such bodyes. And therefore the wise mans counsayle is best, that saith: Hurt not thy selfe vpon all manner of meate.* 1.20 Many meats haue diuers taasts, that breedeth sundry ope∣rations, & is the cause of incurable dis∣eases, in nice and daintie mouthed bo∣dies: for in many manner meates is di∣uers sicknesse. Also too much sléeping, breedeth the same euill and sicknesse in the body. For in sléepe the vertues are féebled, and the working of féeling, and of kinde be strengthened within. And so the gates being closed without, y^t heate is comforted and strengthened within, and draweth too many humors, y^t which it may not dissolue neither wast.

And then great superfluitie hauing the masterie, the which kinds can not rule, then of necessitie, followeth death and stiffeling.* 1.21 Also licouresnes of meates wasteth the powers, & lecherie the senses: These bee two delectable Diuelles, that kill the bodye, be∣side the soule. As it is séene in them that sléepe after that they haue taken medicines, and also in them that be newly let bloud. In them that wake too much, the contrary cause lykewise wor∣keth. For in them the humours & the spirites be wasted too much, and therfore oft death threateneth or menaceth. Also the same cause of stifling, is in them, that eate and drinke beyond measure: and the same reason of fayling, is in them y^t fast more then nature can beare: and be con∣sumed and wasted. Also be that trauay∣leth ouer measure, destroyeth & wasteth himselfe by too strong heate, that wasteth the humours too sore. In them that rest too much, the cause is contrary: For in them y^t drawing too of moisture, passeth measure. And there is none euaporation, neither deliueraunce of the superfluities, neither subtiliation of the spirites. And therefore necessarilye the superfluitie of moysture is disposed to rotting and cor∣ruption. In these manners, and in many other infinite, the elementall qualities be in theyr kindly workings hindred. As it is knowen by the foresayd reasons that we haue shortly gathered of the words of Constantine in Pantegni, and of Ga∣len in Commento Aphorisio, Hippo∣cratis, & Epidimiarum, of euills y^t com∣meth by ouermuch moysture. And ther∣fore we will passe ouer, and describe the properties of humours, that be composed of these qualyties: of the which euerye bodye is made, that hath a soule and fee∣lyng, either reason.

¶Of humours, and of the gene∣ration, effect and working of them. Cap. 6.

A Humour is a substaunce actuallye moyst, by ioyning of elementall qua∣lities, and is apt to nourish and to feede the members, and to comfort the work∣ing thereof kindly, or casually to let the workings thereof. For humour is the first principall materiall of bodies that haue féeling, and chiefe helpe in theyr working, and that because of nourishing and féeding. Constantinus saith, That the humours be called the children of the Elementes. For euerye of the hu∣mours commeth of the qualytie of the Elements. And ther be foure humours, Bloud, Fleame, Cholar, and Melan∣choly: and are called simple in compari∣son to the members, though in respect of the Elements, whose children they bée, they be composed. These foure humors in quantitie and qualytie, obseruing euennesse, with due proportion, make perfect and kéepe in due state of health, all bodyes hauing bloud: lyke as con∣trariwise, by their vnequalnesse or infec∣tion they ingender and cause sicknesse. These humors be néedful to the making of the bodye, and to the ruling and kéep∣ing thereof: and also to restore what is lost in the body, as saith Galen super Aphoris. The body runneth and drop∣peth, as in sweating, spitting & other such. Also alteration chaungeth oft cold into heate and returneth.

Also the body hath corruption, and that commeth of too much running and drop∣ping, and of too long chaunging. Then to restore in the bodie what is lost by running and chaunging, & amend euill alteration and changing, and some deale to withstand corruption, the presence of the foure humours, is necessary that the body animally, by their meanes may be kept safe. These foure humours be bred in this manner. When meate is recey∣ued in the place of concoction, that is in the stomacke, first the more subtill part and fléeting thereof, that Phisiti∣ons call Perusmaria, is drawen by cer∣taine veynes to the lyuer. And there by the working of kindly heate, it is chan∣ged into the foure humours. The brée∣ding of thē is made & beginneth in the lyner, but it endeth not ther at ful. First working heate turneth what is colde & moyst into y^t kind of fleme, & then what is hot & moyst, into the kinde of bloud: and then what is hot and drye into the kinde of Cholera: and then what is colde and drye into the kinde of Melan∣cholia. Then the processe is such First, fleame is, bread, as an humour halfe sod: second bloud, that is perfectly sodde: the thirde Cholera, That is ouer sodde: the last is Melancholia, that is more earth∣ly, and the dregges of the other. And so such is the ouer as Auicen saith. The bréeding of Elements be straight, and re∣turning into the same. For of aire fire is bread, and of fire aire, and euery Ele∣mēt of other. The bréeding of & humors is straight, and not by contrary. By sée∣thing bloud is bred of fleame, and not that if retourneth. Likewise bloude is made cholar, by great heate drieng and making subtill the humour, but not that it returneth. And by burning of cholar in lyke manner Melancholia is made, and not that it retourneth. For it fareth in the bréeding of humours, as in the bréeding of wine of Muste, as saith Con∣stantine.* 1.22 For when Muste is feruent, a manner some is brend, that commeth vp and fleeteth aboue, and another earthlye substaunce goeth to the bottome, and the thirde is water: and as that is more or lesse, the Wine is féeble and lesse hot. And the elder it is, y^t hotter it is, through the resolution of such watrinesie: And when it is full sodde, then the Wine is most cleere. So in the humours is one part that is light and commeth vpward, and that is Cholera: another, as it wer drasts, and goeth downward, and that is Melancholia: the third, as it were raw, and that is fleame: the fourth, is bi••ud, remayning in his purenesse, and is clen∣sed from other humours. But no bloud is to cleane pured, but that it is some∣what meddeled with other humours. And therefore by meddling of other hu∣mours, bloud chaungeth kinde and cou∣lour: For by meddling of cholar,* 1.23 it sée∣meth red and by melanchely it seemeth blacke, and by fleame it seemeth watrie, and somie.

¶Of bloud. Cap. 7.

ISidore saith, The bloud hath this name Sanguis of Gréek, for y^t bloud sustaineth strength, helpeth, and confir∣meth the lyfe: For Sancire, is to vnder∣stand, Confirme. While bloud is in the bodie, it is called Sanguis in Latine: and if it be shedde, it is called Cruor, as it were running and falling. For when bloud is shed it runneth and falleth. O∣ther call bloud, as it were swéete and soft, for it is swéete and soft in taast and in touch. Pure bloud & whole togethers is not but in young folke: for Phisiti∣ons say that bloud wasteth by age: ther∣fore in old men is shaking and quaking for default of bloud. Bloud is properlye the gouerning of wit: therefore it is the manner of womē to scratch their chéks in sorrow. And red clothes be laid vpon dead men, in remembraunce of theyr hardinesse and boldnesse, while they wer in their bloud. Hetherto speaketh Isi∣dore lio. 4. Cap. 2. It appereth in the time of the Saxons,* 1.24 that the manner ouer their dead was a red cloath, as we now vse a black. The Pagans refused blacke, because it repre∣senteth darknesse, tearmed the infernal colour: and so did the olde English. The red of valianncie, and that was ouer Kings, Lords, Knights, and valy∣aunt

souldiours: white ouer Cleargie men, in token of their profession and honest life: and ouer Virgins and Ma∣trones. This order appeareth to be be∣yond 800. years. Constantine sayeth, that among the foure humours bloud is most praised and most friend of kinde, through euen and perfect séething there∣of: the which temperate heate maketh of the pure and airely matter to the no∣rishing of the body. Constantine saith, that there is kindly bloud, and some vn∣kindly, and some kindly bloud is in the organes and some in the veynes. The bloud y^t is in the organes, is more hot, more subtill, more red, more cléere, and more swéete in sauour then that other bloud. It is more hot, for that it is nigh the heart and spirites: more subtill, for that the heate of the heart maketh it subtill and cleere, and that is, for that in sweating and breathing out by y^e thicke concauites of the organe; it shoulde not lightlye slide into other members. It is more cleere, through the vertue of Cholera that is therin. It is more sharp through the a••gmenting of heate. The bloud that is contayned ur the veynes, is hot and moyst, meane between grose∣nesse and subtill, and very swéete in sa∣uor, without any euill tas:•• as soone as it is out of y^e body, very shortly it cōgea∣leth, & turneth into clous: & so such bloud betokeneth that the lyuer is temperate. But if it be subtill and watrye and not of good smel, nor of swéete sauour: it sig∣nifieth intermiting of an humour that infecteth the bloud. Then it goeth out of kinde, and tourneth into vnkinde bloud, which is so called, either because it tur∣neth out of his kinde generation, and is corrupt; as in leprous men, or els for vn∣coue••able matter, of y^t which it is bred, or for a ••••rong humor, with the which it is me••••iled: A lyttle of Cholera or of another infecting humor midled with pure bloud, infecteth the bloud, & draw∣eth it to the lykenesse of his owne qua∣lytie. Hetherto speaketh Constant. Pan∣cag. 9. cap. 4. Aristotle lib. 3. Animal. putteth other properties of bloude, and saith, that euery beast that hath bloud, hath lyuer and heart: and therfore eue∣rye beast that hath no bloud, is of lesse bodie and vertue, then beastes that haue bloud: and if the flesh be cut, the bloud runneth out except the flesh be dead or corrupt. Also in euery beast of good dis∣position, is temperate bloud, not too much in them that drinke new wine: neither too lyttle in them that be fat of body: for beasts that be very fat of body, haue but lyttle bloud, for as fatnesse wareth, the bloud diminisheth. Also euery body that is sanguine rotteth soone, and speciallye nigh the bones: for a man hath verye subtill bloud, in respect of other Beasts, and other Beasts haue blacker bloud & thicker then mans bloud, and namelye Bulls and Asses: and in the nether parts of the body bloud is thicker and blacker then in the ouer parts. Also bloud when it bréedeth in great quantitie is cause of sicknesse: for it commeth thinne, and is made watry, and therefore perchaunce a man sweateth bloud, and that is as I suppose, through much superfluitye of thin bloud: and kinde thinketh to dis∣charge him of that superfluitie, and so it throweth the watry parts to the vtter∣most of the skinne, and auoydeth them by sweating. Also when a man sléepeth, very lyttle bloud appereth, and no won∣der, for than kinde draweth it inward to helpe the vnkindly vertue, that by y^e be∣nefite thereof she may doe hir workes: and so when the bloud is farre within, then the vtter partes of the bodye are pale and bloudlesse. And therefore is it, that if a sléeping body be cut or sticked, there commeth not out so much bloud, as should if he were waking. There it is sayd, that if bloud be sodde and distil∣led, thereof we may make fallowe and greace. And that perchaunce is, the vnctuo••••ye thereof by temperate seething is crudded, and beeing white, as tourned into tallowe or faite. Also if bloud be altered from the course of his kinde, and is corrupt: it will goe out of the stomacke, and from the nose∣thrilles.

Also when blouds rotteth in anye member, but it be taken out by skill or kinde, it tourneth into venyine and scaba.

Hetherto speaketh Constantine lib. 3. and in lib. 12. he saith, that the veynes be the vessells of bloud, and thereof it followeth, that bloud is the last meat of beastes, that haue bloud. Also bloud is friend of Nature: and a beast that hath no bloud, is fedde with things that ac∣cordeth to bloud: as it is séene in flyes and wormes that sit on flesh, and sucke out the bloud, and take thereof their fée∣ding. And so if a beast be not fed with this meate, he is leane and of euill dis∣position, and when he is fed therewith, he wareth, and is in good disposition, by the effect of foode of such meate. And if the bloud of the which y^e meate is made, be clérre and good, the body is whole: and if it be euill, the body is sicke. Also, for default of moysture,* 1.25 earthly bloud con∣gea••̄th hastely and soone. And therefore euery beast y^t hath subtill bloud, cleane, & hot, hath better wit than other beasts: for cleane bloud subtill and hot, and of more mouing, is more according to the wit and derstanding. Also a beast y^t hath no bloud, is more fearfull, than a beast that hath bloud: and therefore hée that hath cleane bloud, hot, and lyght, is but little moued for dread. Also y^t bloud of a Bull congealeth and cruddeth more ••••••itily, than y^e bloud of all other beasts. For the bloud of all other beastes con∣gealeth lesse or more except the bloud of an Hart and of an Hare. and of beasts that be lyke to them: of which y^t bloud congealeth not, as Aristotle saith lib. 3. Se••. 2. The bloud of a Bull, cruddeth most swiftly, & that is because through excesse of heate and drinesse, and so if Bulls bloud be dronken rawe, it slayeth as venyme: and so it is sayd of a Phi∣losopher that dranke y^e bloud of a bull, & slew himselfe.* 1.26 Also Aristotle li. 33. saith, that bloud is hotter in y^e right side, than in the lefte side: and therfore for the strength of hot bloud that is in that side, the right hand, is generally more ready and able to worke than, the lefte hand. Therfore Liber primus Aristotle saith That the Lion: mooueth the right foote before the lefte. And Super Aphoris. it is saide, That if a woman that is with childe with a Masculine, be sodainelye called, the moueth first the right foote:* 1.27 and that proceedeth of the hot bloude, that worketh at the sull in hir, that con∣ceiueth a male childe. Also in eodem li. it is sayd, that bloud is first and prin∣cipall matter of the heart and of the ly∣uer: and therefore the heart is hollowe, to receiue the more bloud, and thicke, to saue and kéepe the bloud, & in no mem∣ber the bloud is without veynes, but in the heart onely, and the bloud goeth out of the heart by certaine veynes to other places of the body, & the bloud commeth not from any other places to the heart: For the heart is the wel and beginning of bloud, and the first member receiuing bloud, as it is knowen in Anathomia,* 1.28 the craft of knowing the manuer, and order of setting of parts of the body, and by the manner of generation: For the first bréeding of the heart appeareth san∣guine. Therefore Aristotle saith, That the heart is set in the middle, to shed out the bloud, as it were from the middle or center to the vtter parts, and to all the other members. And therefore he saith, y^t the hart is y^e middle & rhise member of al the beast: and therefore all that haue bloud, haue a heart, for of necessitie the heart is the principall cause of bloud, & not the lyuer. Aristotle saith all this openly li. 13. though it be otherwise writ∣ten, of the principall beginning of bloud, in bookes of Phisitions, but we haue not to doe with that strife: For either posi∣tion or opinion serve vs touching our meaning. Then of the sentences of the foresaid Authours, gather shortlye: that kindly bloud, is pure, hot, moyst, subtill, and swéete. And also it kéepeth the kind vertue of féeding: and bloud is the seate of the soule, and containeth it; and is the perfector of youth, & alterer of com∣plection, and kéepeth and saueth y^e heart and spirits, and maketh them glad and waketh love: and shedding it selfe in the vtter part of the bodye, maketh it of good colour and hiew and if bloud be whole and temperate, if it is peth health, & if it be corrupt, it breedeth corruption, as appeareth in le••rie, which is corrupt bloud in the wells, and with other hu∣mours mingled, & tempreth the mallice

thereof, and bloud by his vertue swa∣geth smarting of eyen. And as Constantine saith, The bloud of Doue, or of a swallow drawen out of y^e right wing, and dropped hot in the eyen, wipeth a∣way the spots of the eyen: Such bloud is full firie and able to heate and to dis∣solue, as the Commentator saith, In vi∣atico, in tractatu de pannicul. & macul. oculorum in fine.

¶Of the euill propertie of bloud, Cap. 8.

OTher properties there be of bloud, that be lesse to praise then the fore∣said properties. For how much bloud being well disposed, is more friendlye & profitable to nature: so much the more when it is corrupt, it is hurtfull thereto, and causeth grieous sicknesse in the bo∣dy. For mallice of other humours, med∣led with bloud, is not sodainly felt: for it is hid, because of friendship that bloud hath to kinde: and therefore kinde is not ware of the mallice of other humors that be hid vnder y^e friendship of bloud, and so the kinde dreadeth not the griefe of the humours that be so hid: as it fa∣reth in feauers that are called Hemitri∣taeon,* 1.29 & other that be medled. In which, red or burnt cholar medled with bloud, is not so soone knowen to kind nor phi∣sitions, as Galen saith super Aphorls. Also if ther be superfluous bloud in y^e bo∣dy, it breedeth wonderful euills in men, except it be y^e sooner voyded by kinde or by Phisicke: as it fareth in that bloud, that is called, Sanguis menstrualis, the which bloud in womē through too great moysture, and for default of heate, if it be holden beyond due time, is cause and occasion of full great griefes and sicke∣nesse. For sometime it stiffeleth y^e prin∣cipall members: sometime it causeth dropsie. & sometime the phrensie, or other open diseases, as that corrupt bloud too long held and shut in, is sent forth so di∣uers places of the bodye, as it is more plavnly contayned in lib. Palsionarum Galen. And therfore against such perils, the best remedy is to voyd such corrupt bloud quickly.

And it is no meruayle, if bloud thus corrupted, grieue so the bodye that it is in, seeing also it chaungeth wonderfully and inserteth other bodyes.* 1.30 For lib. 10. cap. 12. Isidore saith, by the touch of the bloud menstruall, fruite groweth not, but dryeth and is burnt, hearbes dye, trees loose their fruite, yron is fret with rust, brasse and mettall wareth blacke: if hounds eate thereof they ware mad. And a thing that is called Glutinum as∣palti, is so hard y^t it may not be delaide with water nor with fire. And if y^t bloud, Menstrualis touch that Glutinum as∣palti, it all to falleth, as Isidore saith.

This bloud is bred in womens bodyes, of superfluitie of moysture, and féeble∣nesse of heate. And therefore that it shuld not grieue kind, it is gendred in the Mo∣ther, as into a poumpe, from the which if it be expulsed & put out in due man∣ner, it cleanseth and caseth all the body, and the Mother disposeth and maketh a∣ble to conceiue. And therefore, Aristotle saith. lib. 9.

Menstrum in fine mensis in muli∣eribus maxime viget: et ideo tune v∣tiliter expellitur sanguis talis: quia si∣cut dicit Isid. lib. 16. sanguis menstrualis non habet certam temporis reuolutio∣nem: sed in maiore parte accedit in di∣minutione Lunae, & hoc est rectum: quia corpora animaliū sunt tune tem∣poris frigidiora: & alteratur sanguis, & efficitur ex eo superfluitas menstrualis: quae si tune expellitur, talis euacuatio laudabilis est & naturalis: quia si vitra tempus, vel propter grossiciem sangui∣nis, vel propter altitudinem matricis, vel propter defectum expulsiue vir∣tutis retincatur, multis molestijs peri∣culosis, corpus mulieris aggrauatur.

Quod quidem geueraliser est verum, a quarto decimo anno vs{que} ad quinqua∣genum: quia in iuuenculis meatus sunt angusti, & virtus debilis. A quinqua∣gelimo veroanno in antea sanguis, mi∣noratur & fi••gescie, calor destiuit & tepescit: vnde istae duae aetates a tali immundicia sunt immunes, scilicet se∣nectus vetularis, & iuuentus puellaris, retmet ramen natura sanguinem men∣strualem post mulierum impregnatio∣nem

ad nutrimentum foetus & concep∣tus conseruationem: vnde Arist. li. 15. Menstrum est fanguis non purus: sed indiget digestione operatiua: hic san∣guis mixtus cum spermate, cibus est in animali: vnde mulier, post conceptio∣nem, frequenter patiens fluxum men∣strualem, solet facere abortiuum: aut enim debiliatur foetus, aut moritur: & hoc propter nutrimenti subtractionem: vnde retentio sanguinis menstrualis sig∣num est impregnationis, ex iam dicta causa: quod autem superfluit de san∣guine menstruali, detrahitur ad mam∣millas, vt inde lac generatur: materia enim lactis, est sanguis decoctus in mammillis: vt dicit Aristo. lib. 16. & 18. Lac inquit est sanguis digestus, non corruptus. Item oportet vt fluxus sanguinis menstrualis actualiter sit in corpore, antequā muher impregnetur: sicut dicit Aristo. li. 15. & Con. sicut o∣portet arborē primo florere, quā fructus facere. Item quodo venit talis flux∣us, naturaliter semper accidit in aetate Lunae, aetati etiam mulieris conuenenti. Item aues & animalia non patiuntur talem fluxum: quia talis superfluitas transit in plumas & in pilos: vt dicit Arist. Itē dicit Ruffus: mulieres nimis se exercentes, & sepius mouentes, non multū menstruant: sed quae quiescunt, & multū comedunt, suauiter{que} viuunt, tales multa purgatione indigent. Item quando sanguis talis, vel frigidare, vel crassirie ora venarum constrinengte de∣bito modo non exit, ad exeundum ali∣as vias querit: vt venas nariu••u, & emorroidarum, quas si clausas inuene∣rit, ad alia membra se diffundit, & gra∣uem naturae infert passionem: nam ta∣les, vt dicit in viatico Const. defectum appetitus patiuntur: nam cibaria bona abhorrent: puluerem vero carbonum, & laterum appetunt, & similium: nam sanguis retentus in maliciosum fumuin terrestrem & ponticum conuertitur: quo rapto, ad orificium stomachi, ap∣petitus rationalis subuertitur, & irra∣tionalis generatur. Vnde omnia talia corpora, sunt maximis morbis appa∣rata.

¶Of fleame. Cap. 9.

IHohannicus saith, that ••••eame is an humour halfe sedde by working of vnperfect heate, of colde matter & moyst by kinde gendred. And Aristotle lib. 15. saith, that fleame is an vndissolued su∣perfluitie of meate. The same is y^e mat∣ter of bloud and of fleame: but they bée diuers by more seething or lesse: and so of fleame is made bloud by more strēgth of working heate, and not returning. Bloud tourneth neuer into fleame, as cholar chaungeth into melancholy: but not againward, as saith Auicen. Fleme is an humour kindlye colde, moyst and wearish: and kinde sendeth that humor into the members and lymmes to be made pure, that the body be nourished by that humour defied. It is to note, that some fleme is vnkindly and some kind∣ly. Kindly fleame is colde, moyst, and white in color, and fléeting in substance, of sauour somewhat swéete. in tast, ey∣ther all wearish and vnsauourie. It is bred in the lyuer, where is the place of heate. And it is apte to be tourned and chaunged into bloude: and when the chaunge is full made, the body is sustay∣ned thereby. And though fleame of it selfe be thicke and vnsauery by strength of heate that chaungeth it, yet it taketh the lyknesse and sauour of bloude, that is swéete: as appeareth by the fleame, that is called swéete fleame, And so for the néerenesse and lykenesse that fleame hath with bloud, fleame is néedefull to all the lymmes of the bodye. And ther∣fore prouident kinde, made fleame to passe with the bloude, through the veynes of all the bodye, both for néede & for profite.

For as Constantine sayeth, If that bloud fayleth, heate dissolueth fleame: For it taketh héede to féede the mem∣bers and the lymmes thereby. And so Fleame is nobler than Cholera or Me∣lancholia. For these may not be ruled to the bréeding of bloude of them. And by the benefite of bloude, all the lymmes of the bodye preuayle and bee fedde.

Also the presence of fleame is néedfull with the bloud, y^t the feruour & strength of bloud may be tempered: and with the fléeting of fleame, the thicknes of bloud may be kept in temper: so y^t the bloud may be borne about to the feeding of all the members more lyghtly & speedelye. Also fleame is profitable to make moyst the ioynts and other moueable partes, with the moysture therof, that the ioynts and parts be not let of theyr office, by heate of mouing, neyther by hot bloud, neither by dr••nesse that might fall. Ther be ••ome ••anne, of vnkindly, fleames. Same is sower, colde and drye, through minglyng of melancholy: and some is salte, hot and drye, through infection of red Cholera: some is swéete, through meddlyng of bloud: and some is glas∣sie, and so called for lykenesse of coulour of glasse: Such fleame is far from heat, and therefore it is thicker then other manner flemes, and harder to dissolue, & to turn into bloud. If this humor be cor∣rupt, it bredeth diuers sicknesses in y^e bo∣dy: y^e superfluitie of this fleme is know∣en,* 1.31 as Constantine saith by diuers to∣kens. For a very fleumaticke man is of body vnlastie, heauie and slow, dull of wit, and of thought forgetfull, softe of flesh and quauie, of coulour white in the face, fearfull of heart, full of spitting, s••e∣uelyng and rooking, full of sloth and slee∣ping, and of lyttle appetite, and of lyttle thirst, but if the fleame be salt. For then through medlyng of hot humour, a salt sauour is felt in the mouth: soft, yeolow and straight of haire: soft, great & slowe of pulse: his vrine is white, thicke, raw, and euill coloured: in stature hée is fat, great and short, and crooked in extremi∣ties, & his skin is playn & smooth with∣out ha••••e. He dreameth and hath sodain appearances of great ouerflowing of wa∣ters and raine, and of sailing and swim∣ming in colde water.

Men of this complection haue ofte colde euills, and be payned with them, and namely in Winter for then the qua∣lyties of fleame, coldnesse and moysture be strengthened, as saith Constantine. Looke before for the properties of colde and moyst.

¶Of Cholar. Cap. 10.

ISidore saith, that Cholera is sayde, for that that in a cholarick humor, Calor, that is the heate, passeth tempe∣rance. Some Cholera is kindly. & some vnkindly. Naturall cholar is kindly hot & drye, subtill in substaunce, cléere & red in color. & bitter in sauor, with a certain sharpnesse: the which the more hotter it is, the redder it is in colour, and y^e more bitter: the which when it is dealed in two parts, of the which one passeth forth with the bloud, and the other is sent vn∣to the chest of the gall. That that goeth with the bloud, entermixeth with the bloud, because of necessitie and helpe. For it is needful, that it be mingled with the bloud, to make it tēper & feede y^e cho∣larick members for in y^e bloud it needeth y^t there be red Cholera indéede, after the due proportion of th••se members. Also, Cholera helpeth and maketh the bloud subtill, that it may passe ••he more lyght∣ly by straight wayes, to fade the inner parts of the body. That other parte of Cholera, is drawen to the S••ybet of the gall, and is sent thereto because of neede and of helpe, for that is néedfull for clen∣sing of all the bodye, and feeding of the gall, and also to helpe the stomacke, and to heate the bowells, and to pricke them that they may discharge them of super∣fluities. Therefore of it falleth gnaw∣ing and passion Coli••••: for the waye is stopped, that is betwéene the gall and bowels. Unkindly cholar is it that com∣meth of strong humours medled there∣with. For if redde Cholera be mingled with watrie fleame, then is bred Cit••∣na cholera, that is lesse h••t & more noy∣full then other Cholars: & if the fleame be more great and thicke, then is bread red and yeolow cholar. These two man∣ner of Cholers be notable. The thirde manner Cholera is called Prassiua,* 1.32 and is gréene of colour, bitter and sharpe, as an hearbe that is named Marubium,* 1.33 or Porrus in Latine: and that manner Cholera is bred in the stomacke of thē, that vse continually to rate hot hearts, as léekes, onyons, garlyke, and of such

kinde. And if it happen that cholar ta∣keth strength of such greene hearbs and rawe in colour, and so it seemed to Ga∣len. Auicen noteth, that Praxina is gē∣dred of a yeolow cholar, when it is ouer∣burnt, for when it is burned, burning bréedeth blacknesse therein, by which blacknesse medled with citrine, gréene colour is gendred. The fourth manner of Cholera is called Erugmosa, rastie, that is bred of Cholera, that is named, Prassina by more burning: for when it is so burnt, that the moysture thereof is dryed, then it draweth the whitenes of ashen colour. For in a moyst bodye, heate bréedeth first blacknesse: and then when the moysture is all destroyed, it bréedeth a manner of whitenesse, as it fareth in trées and wood, that by burning first turne into coales, and then into ash∣es. But colde contrariwise, in a moyst body bréedeth whitenesse, and in a drye body blacknesse: but this last manner of choler, is worse & more venemous than all the other. The venemous qualytie whereof, bréedeth in the body euill passi∣ons of pestilence and of death, as Herisi∣pila, & Noli me tangere, &c. Then this kindly Cholera if it passe not y^e bounds of kinde, it maketh other humours sub∣till, and comforteth digestion, and clean∣seth congealings and corruption, & ma∣keth the body stretch in length, breadth, and thicknesse, and bréedeth boldnes and hardinesse, mouing and lyghtnesse, & stir∣reth to wrath and desire of reuenge: and also prouoketh to y^e works of Venus, & helpeth the vertue expulsiue, and cléereth thicke matter, and maketh it to mooue from the middle to the vtter parts, and chaungeth the vtter partes, in cou∣lour of citrine and blacke. And so cho∣laricke men be generally wrathful, har∣die and vnméeke, light, vnstable, vnmer∣cifull: in the body long, slender, & leane: in colour brown, in haire black & crispe, hard and stiffe, in touch hotte, in pulse, strong and swifte, the vryne of them is thin in substaunce and subtill, in colour, faire, shining and cléere. If this cholar be corrupt in anye parte of the bodye, it bréedeth euill passions in the bodye. Of the which passions, these are the generall signes and tokens, as Con∣stantine sayeth in Pantegni. liber. 9. ca. 2. If corrupt cholar haue masterie in the body, the skinne is yeolowe, either citrine, and also there is a default in the vertue of appetite, bitternesse is felt in the mouth, so that swéete things seeme bitter, and sauouey, vnsauoury. There is pricking and burning in the stomack of a hot fume, that puncheth and nip∣peth the sinewes of the stomacke, loa∣thing with cholarick spuing, with thirst and drinesse of the tongue. The same hot smoake dryeth the wosen that is called Trahea, and that humour of spit∣tle, aboute the sinnewes of the tongue.

There is also hollownesse of eyen, with moyst respect, the pulse is subtill, swifte and thicke: red vrine and high of colour, sore head ach, waking, chang∣ing of minde, fearefull sights in sléepe: For such men dreame of fire, and of lyghtening, and of dreadfull burning of the ayre, which is caused of fierye smoake, that chaungeth stronglye the brayne and the vertue imaginatiue. And this that is spoken of cholar, and of the spices thereof sufficeth.

¶Of Melancholy. Cap. 11.

MElancholy is a humour boystous and thicke, and is bred of troubled congealyngs of bloud: and hath his name of Melon, that is blacke, and Ca∣lor that is humoure: wherevpon it is called Melancholia, as it were a blacke humour: and so Phisitions ••all it, Cho∣lera nigra, blacke cholar: for the cou∣lour thereof declineth toward blacknes. Some melancholy is kindlye and some vnkindly: the kindly melancholy is colde and drye, that is bred in bloud, as the lées is in wine: the substance wher∣of is thicke and earthy, the sauour ther∣of, is betwéene swéete and ••ower, brack∣ish. This manner melancholy is diuided into two partes, the one abideth with the bloud, and setteleth therewith into the members, because of neede and of helpe. If néedeth that it be meddeled with bloude, to make the bloude apte and couenable to féede the melancholye

members: for it thickeneth the bloude, that it ••leete not from digestion, by cleer∣nesse and thinnesse. The second parte is sent to the splene, for neede and also for helpe. It needeth, both for cleansing of the bodie and the splene: it is a helpe, that it flowe into the mouth of the sto∣macke, and to make it strong and thicke, and make it to itch, and so to wake hun∣ger and desire of féeding. That parte of melanchloy, that is superfluitie of bloud, passeth to the splene, and that that goeth from the splene, néedeth not to the fée∣ding of the splene, and as redde Cholera helpeth the stomacke to put off superflu∣itie downward, either inwarde: so me∣lancholy helpeth the vertue of appetite aboue. It is called the dregs of bloud, more verely then Cholera, or fleame••for it soketh and is seperated from bloud, as the thicknesse of vryne, or dregges of ••y∣rour. Nothing sweeteth neither com∣meth out of fleame, for the clamminesse thereof, nor lykewise of Cholera, for the substitie and cléerenesse thereof: & ther∣fore it is not called the dregges of Cho∣lera, neither of fleame. The vnkindlye melancholy, is not as dregs or groundes of a thing, but as burning of ashes, and that falleth by these meanes: Heat wor∣king ouermuch in y^e substaunce of fleme, burneth it: and by ouermuch burning, turneth it into burned Cholera. And if the humour be first subtill and watrye, when it is burnt, it is made salte: and if it be troubled and thicke, it draweth to sowrenesse ward: and if the bloud bée burnt and tourned into ashes, the ashes thereof are salte, with a lyttle sweetenesse: and when kind melancho∣ly is burnt, the burning or ashes therof, is sower as vineger. And if it fall vpon the earth, it boyleth, and the smel thereof is heauie and sower as vineger, y^e which flyes shun and voyde for horrible sauor thereof, and the sowrest part thereof is worst. And if the substaunce thereof bée boystous and thicke, when melancholy is burnt the ashes thereof is lesse sower with a lyttle sharpnesse, the which when it falleth vpon the earth, boyleth lesse, & grieueth the members lesse, and is not so malytious nor so venem••••••, neyther s••ayeth so soone as the first. This blacke Cholera is c••••••e to kind, and hath apt∣ly euill deedlye analyti••s, and breedeth euills incurable, as canker, lepry, & other such. By burning of fleame, of bloud, & of kinde melancholy, vnkinde and worst melancholy is bread: and when by s••••∣thing the bloud is bred of fleame, and Cholera of bloud by strong heate, and of Cholar, melancholy: and of that bur∣ning, that infecteth the kindly humour, that worst humour is happely bread, as Coa. saith li. pri. ca. 24. Of this humour hauing masterie in any bodye, these bee the signes and tokens. First the colour of the skinne chaungeth into blacke or bloo: sower sauour, sharpe and carthye is felt in the mouth: By the qualytie of the humor, the patient is faint, and fearfull in heart without cause: and so all that haue this passion, are fearefull without cause, and oft sory, and that is through the melancholy humour, y^t con∣straineth and closeth the heart: and so if we aske of such heauie folkes what they scare, or wherefore they be ••orye, they haue none aunswere. Some sup∣pose that they shoulde dye in some so∣daine vyolence: Some dread emnitie of some man: Some loue and desire death. Wherfore in li. Passion••m Galen saith: It is no wonder, though they that suffer Choleram nigram be very sorie, & haue suspition of death For nothing is more dredfull outward in the body than dark∣nesse. And so when any obscure thing he∣leth the brayne, as melancholy fleme, the patient must needes dread: for he bea∣reth with him the cause why he shoulde dread. And therefore he dreameth dred∣full darke dreames, and very ill to see, & of stinking san••••••r and ••••••ll, of which is bred Passio melancholia. Also it com∣meth of a madnesse, and of disposition of melancholy, when such haue lyking and laugh alway of sorrowfull things, and make sorow and dolor for ioyful things. Also such holde their peace when they should speake, and speake too much when they should be s••ill. Also some dee•••• themselues that they be earthen vesse••••, and feare to be touched, lea••t they break. And some thinke that they close y^e world

in their fist, and in their handes to con∣taine all things: and therefore they put not out their hands to take meate: for they dread that if they should put forth their hands, part of the world should fal and be lost. Also some imagine, that an Angell holdeth vp the world, and would for wearinesse let the world fall: and therfore they heaue their hands & shoul∣ders to holde vp the world, that séemeth to thē is in point to fall, & rore & scrike strongly, & striue if Phisitions make thē holde downe their handes. Also some thinke that they haue no heads: & some wéene that they haue leaden heades, or Asse heades, or some other euill sha••en fashion. And there be other, which if they heare Cockes crowe, they lyfte vp their hands and armes, and smite them∣selues, and singing thinke themselues to be Cockes: & at the last they be hoarce for great crieng, and dumbe also. Also some fall into euill suspitions without recouerie: and therfore they hate, blame, and confound their friends, and somtime they smite and slaye them. Melancholy men fal into all these & many other wō∣derfull passions, as Galen, Alexander, & many other Authours say, y^• which pas∣sions it were too long to recken all. And this we sée each day, as it fell late of a Noble man, that fell into such a madnesse of melancholy, that he in no wise could be perswaded, but y^t he was a Cat, and therefore he would no where rest, but vnder beds, where Cats waigh∣ted after Mice. Moreouer in punishment of sinne, Nabuchodonosor was puni∣shed with such a payne, as it is written in stories, that seauen yeares he thought that he was a Beast, through diuers shapes, lyke a Lyon, an Eagle, an Oxe, and other.

Now haue we treated sufficiently of Melancholy, and of other humors kind∣ly and vnkindlye, as it appertayneth to this worke, at this time.

FINIS LIBRI QVARTI.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Of an Egge.
• * 1.2

  Of Ise.
• * 1.3

  As also of flies that be reui∣ued by y^e heat of the Sun.
• * 1.4

  The Scot¦ish ••lacks & puffies which grovve of rotten wood & salt water
• * 1.5

  Regene∣ration.
• * 1.6

  Iob. 26.
• * 1.7

  Iere. 5.
• * 1.8

  Psa. 22.
• * 1.9

  Hon slike Prickma∣dam. Orprone.
• * 1.10

  The vital moistues is decrea∣sed by ouer much dri∣nesse.
• * 1.11

  The losse of apetite breedeth leanesse.
• * 1.12

  Drinesse procee∣deth of heate a∣boūding, it killeth & bodyes of men & beasts.
• * 1.13

  Addition
• * 1.14

  The equa¦litie of elements is the worides cause & continu∣aunce.
• * 1.15

  Bryonie. Vitis Siluestris Sigilium heatae Mariae.
• * 1.16

  The lass•• of natural seelyng.
• * 1.17

  Cause of suiset.
• * 1.18

  Euapora∣tiō to the brayne.
• * 1.19

  Addition
• * 1.20

  Addition
• * 1.21

  Addition
• * 1.22

  The plea∣sant taast thereof.
• * 1.23

  Hovv to knovv by letting of bloud the humor of the parue
• * 1.24

  Addition
• * 1.25

  As vvhen a man af∣ter great heate by ouer much drink dan∣teth the povvers: likevvise a Horse vvhose grease is molte, by colde vva∣ter suffo∣cateth, & is choked.
• * 1.26

  Themist∣ocles of Athens.
• * 1.27

  Agility of a vvoman
• * 1.28

  By incisi∣on, scarifi¦eng, and diuiding
• * 1.29

  Hemitri∣taeō, more the a ter∣cian a vet¦ing leuer
• * 1.30

  Mēstruall bloud is poyson.
• * 1.31

  The fleg∣matike.
• * 1.32

  Virida.
• * 1.33

  horehoūd or blacke archangel ••Sea-gir∣dle, be∣cause the 〈…〉〈…〉 blade, Faci.