A most excellent and learned vvoorke of chirurgerie, called Chirurgia parua Lanfranci Lanfranke of Mylayne his briefe: reduced from dyuers translations to our vulgar or vsuall frase, and now first published in the Englyshe prynte by Iohn Halle chirurgien. Who hath thervnto necessarily annexed. A table, as wel of the names of diseases and simples with their vertues, as also of all other termes of the arte opened. ... And in the ende a compendious worke of anatomie ... An historiall expostulation also against the beastly abusers, both of chyrurgerie and phisicke in our tyme: with a goodly doctrine, and instruction, necessary to be marked and folowed of all true chirurgie[n]s. All these faithfully gathered, and diligently set forth, by the sayde Iohn Halle.

The .v. Chapiter.

¶Of the stomache and of the guttes, of Mesenterium, and of the veines called Haemorrhoydes.

IN the myddest of those members is the stomach, called Ventriculus, in greke Stomachos: whyche is a member com∣pounde and spermatike,* 1.1 synewye, and very sensible, and is made of .ii. coates: of the whyche the innermoste is syne∣wye, and the outmoste is fleshy. And is to all the members of the bodye, as the earthe is to all thinges ingendered in the same: so that all other members of the bodye, require of hym the substance wherby they are nourished, (as Galen saythe in the firste chapiter of his booke De Iuuamentis.)

Whose vpper parte is straighte and narow, and his nether parte verye wyde and large, and his lower parte is ended in the place of the nauell:* 1.2 and is called the fyrste vessell, wherein nature maketh and fulfilleth her firste naturalle dygestion. Wherfore it is called the chest or store house, for all the meat belōging to the body, and the cooke also which dresseth meat for all partes of the bodye: for in the bothome of the stomache, is made principally the digestion, wherby all the members of the body do growe, and are nourished.

And to the stomache is tyed,* 1.3 fastened, and continued one gutte, whyche after the difference of places is deuyded, and called by diuers names: generallye Entera in greeke, Intestina in latine: whose diuisyon is into .vi. partes. Wherof the firste beinge in lengthe* 1.4 .xii. inches, is named Dodecadactylos & Ecphysis, in latin Duodenum. The vpper end wherof, which is fastened to the nether orifice of the stomache, being as it were the gate of the same: (for by the helpe of a glandule therin, it stoppeth so closelye the passage, that nothinge can passe out therat, till concoction be fullye fynished,) is called Pyloros, in latine Portenarium: that is the porter or dore keper. The seconde or nexte gutte vnto this, is called Exortus & Ie∣iunium that is the empty or fastinge gut:* 1.5 so called because it

is euer founde voyde or emptye.* 1.6 In this chiefly (in Duodeno, also and in the bothome of the stomache,) are fixed certeyne cleane and subtill veines, (whose continualle drawinge, is the cause of emptinesse in the same.) whyche before and al∣so hereafter, I call Meseraicas. By the which they expell and the lyuer draweth to him selfe, the best and purest iuyce of the meat and drinke,* 1.7 that are in those members concocted. Wyth the lower ende of Ieiuni, is knit the longe gutte, that we call the small guttes, the greekes Ileon, the latines Tenue uel Subtilae, and is of lengthe .xvi. cubites. Herte vnto thys is Monoculos called also Caecum intestinum, or Saccus, in Englyshe the sacke or blinde gutte, because it semeth to haue but one hole in the vpper end: for the other ende is like the bothome of a sacke or bagge. Unto the whyche is adioyned Colon or the rounde gutte: whervnto also is anexed the laste gutte, (as a parte of the same,)* 1.8 called Langaon, & Intestinum rectum: whyche commeth straighte downe by the spondilies of the reynes, and is ended in the fundamente.

Note also that the guttes haue theyr situation wyth a certeyne member,* 1.9 called Mesenterium, in Greeke Mesaraeon: whiche is a notable texture of innumerable veines and ar∣teries, whiche are called Mesaraica Vasa, being y^e first veines: throughe whome the nutrityue iuyce as yet but rawe, is drawne oute of the stomache, at the bothome of the same, and caried to the gates of the liuer, there to be the seconde tyme concocted.* 1.10 And these veynes doe spring out & ramifye of the veyne, called Porta Hepatis, & are wholy couered and defended wyth pannycles and ligamentes, whiche are also common to the guttes: and this Mesenterium, beinge taken oute of the body, is lyke the cape of a shepheardes cloke, the backe parte wherof is full of kurnels, or glandulous fleshe: which as I remēber, the butchers when they take this mē∣ber oute of swyne and other beastes, do call the Trowe. It growinge faste to the backe, is the staye to all the guttes, that they moue not, from theyr due and conuenyent places. And from the lyuer and the splene come fiue veynes, to the fundamente or ende of Longaon, called Haemorrhoides, for the

melancholy bloud that they shede: and when they be swolne or open,* 1.11 the disease is called Haemorrbois, and commonlye the Emeroydes or Piles.

Notes

• * 1.1

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. i. Ventriculus Os Ventris.
• * 1.2

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. i. in∣testuium. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 i. intestinū sta∣ti•• ex pyloro.
• * 1.3

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. i. Agnatio uel ortus.
• * 1.4

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. i. Ianitor siue ostiarius, hic enim infimum Ventriculi o∣rificium, quod dum coquitur ad Vnguem clauditur.
• * 1.5

  Exortus. Ieiu∣nium.
• * 1.6

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 .i. graci∣lae le intest••••••. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. i. Vnum 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Ventre••uel cauum.
• * 1.7

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. i. In∣testim crassio∣ris, pars supe∣rio••.
• * 1.8

  Longaon Inte∣stinum rectū.
• * 1.9

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. i. Mesenter••••. Mesaraica uasa.
• * 1.10

  Porta Hepatis
• * 1.11

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 quasi fluxus sanguinis, quo∣niā ab his flue∣re saepe solet.