A most excellent and learned vvoorke of chirurgerie, called Chirurgia parua Lanfranci Lanfranke of Mylayne his briefe: reduced from dyuers translations to our vulgar or vsuall frase, and now first published in the Englyshe prynte by Iohn Halle chirurgien. Who hath thervnto necessarily annexed. A table, as wel of the names of diseases and simples with their vertues, as also of all other termes of the arte opened. ... And in the ende a compendious worke of anatomie ... An historiall expostulation also against the beastly abusers, both of chyrurgerie and phisicke in our tyme: with a goodly doctrine, and instruction, necessary to be marked and folowed of all true chirurgie[n]s. All these faithfully gathered, and diligently set forth, by the sayde Iohn Halle.

The .iiii. Chapiter.

☞Of the midriffe, and the partes nexte vnder it, as the lyuer, the gaule, the milte, wyth the .ii. greate veynes, as Porta & concana

WIthin this holownesse of the belly are the noury∣shing members, aboue the whyche and vnder the spirituall mēbers, is a certeine sinewy member, broade and flat wouen together of muscles, great arteries and veines, and is therfore of Galen numbered a∣monge muscles of the brest: Which doth moue, and is cau∣sed to moue, by the drawing in and out of aer. Thys mem∣ber departeth and deuideth the spirituall mēbers, from the nourishynge members: and is called of the Grecians Dia∣phragma or Phrenes, and in latine Septum transuersum, in Eng∣lishe the midriffe: Which holdeth his place like the flappe of a bellowes in that operation. And when that member is hurte or wounded, it is sayde to be incurable and mortall: because of hys noble makinge, and delicate substance, and his nedefull and profitable workinge: whyche when it is wounded, is made voyde and of none effecte.

Under the mydryffe is the lyuer set on the ryghte syde, called in Greke Hepar, and in latine Iecur: whyche is a pryn∣cipall member, officiall, and concernynge his firste creaty∣on spermatike, & of substance as it were coagulated bloud.

And to hym is knyt and bound a lyttle nette, which is the roote of all the veines in the bodye, bothe inwardlye and outwardlye: and he is clothed with a synewy pannicle.

And of thys nette (beyng the spermatike substaunce of the lyuer) there is by natures prouidence ingendered .ii. great veynes. Whereof the fyrste is called Vena porta, Porta Hepa∣tis, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Porta Iecoris: from whome proceadeth the number of veines called Meseraicae, which are vnto Verae portae, as the branches of a tree vnto the roote or stocke of the same. The office of whiche veines is to drawe the Chilous iuyce from the bothome of the stomach and diuers guttes, to the lyuer: where the seconde digestion is made. The seconde veyne is called Vena choele, or Vena concaua, and of some Vena Ramosa. And this veyne wyth hys rootes, draweth all the bloude from the lyuer, caryinge the same by hys vniuersalle bran∣ches, into all the bodye: and in thys veyne wyth hys bran∣ches is the thyrde digestion fulfiiled and made. From thys

Vena Choecle, there are certeine veines, which goe from hym to the reynes, called Venae Emulgentes, or Vasa Emulgentia: whiche drawe the waterye thin substance, from the bloude into the reines or kinde••s, as it weare whey deuyded from pure milke. For whiche cause the Phisitiens call the vrine, Serum Sanguinis, the whaye of bloude.

And in y^e midest of y^e chest of y^e liuer, is set y^e blader of choler, commonlye called the gall, in Greeke Cystis choledoche, and in latine Folliculus fellis, or Vesicula fellis: Whiche is an offici∣all member, spermatike and sinewy. From the whyche de∣parteth two holowe pipes, wherof one beareth choler, (cal∣led Fel & Bilis, and in Greke Chole) to the stomache, to helpe therby digestion: whiche also beinge sharpe and bitter, doth mightilye scoure awaye the remanentes: The other cary∣eth of the same matter to the gutte Pyloron, whyche by the aforsayde qualityes purgeth from the same and from the rest of the guttes, their sliminesse and excrementes.

On the left syde (as in the vnworthyer place) is sette the splene, commonlye called the milte, in Greeke Splen, and in Latine Lien: whyche is a member spermatike, and officiall. And is fastened wyth the liuer, by certeine waies or vessels that goe betwene them: whereby the grosse and feculente partes of the bloude, are broughte from the lyuer vnto the same. Which kepeth them (by conuerting them as it were into hys owne substance,) vntil by nature hir impulsyon it be set out, to serue else where some necessary purpose. wher in the mean time it is deuided, and extenuated, and made a commodious nutriment to the splene: & that by the meanes of certeine arteries proceding from the great artery, imme∣diatly as it is passed throughe Septum transuersum.

Of this melancholike iuyce (called Chole or rather Melā∣chole, and in latine Atra bilis) That which is left or spared of the aboue said nutriment, doth nature vse (euen as she doth yelowe choler) to stirre vp appetite by his sharpnesse and sournesse in the mouth of the stomache. And also (conueying the same eche way by passages conuenient,) to helpe y^e ver∣tue retentiue bothe in the guttes and stomache.

Notes

• The nury∣shing mēbers
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. i intersti∣tum, uel sep∣tum transuer∣s••r, siue Sep∣tum pectorale
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. i. Iecur
• The lyuer.
• Vena Porta, Porta Hepatis siue porta Ie∣coris.
• Venae meserai¦cae.
• Vena Choele.
• Vena concaua siue
• Vena ramosa.
• Ve••rae emul∣gentes.
• Vasa emul∣gentia.
• Serum San∣guinis.
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• Vesicauel Folliculus fel∣lis. •• istis fell•••• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 i. fel 〈◊〉〈◊〉 bill••, tum fla∣ua, tum ••tra.
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Bilis Atra.