The methode of phisicke conteyning the causes, signes, and cures of invvard diseases in mans body from the head to the foote. VVhereunto is added, the forme and rule of making remedies and medicines, which our phisitians commonly vse at this day, with the proportion, quantitie, & names of ech [sic] medicine. By Philip Barrough.

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Title
The methode of phisicke conteyning the causes, signes, and cures of invvard diseases in mans body from the head to the foote. VVhereunto is added, the forme and rule of making remedies and medicines, which our phisitians commonly vse at this day, with the proportion, quantitie, & names of ech [sic] medicine. By Philip Barrough.
Author
Barrough, Philip, fl. 1590.
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Imprinted at London :: By Thomas Vautroullier dwelling in the Blacke-friars by Lud-gate,
1583.
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Medicine -- Early works to 1800.
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http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A04936.0001.001
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"The methode of phisicke conteyning the causes, signes, and cures of invvard diseases in mans body from the head to the foote. VVhereunto is added, the forme and rule of making remedies and medicines, which our phisitians commonly vse at this day, with the proportion, quantitie, & names of ech [sic] medicine. By Philip Barrough." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A04936.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed January 19, 2025.

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CAP. LXVI. Of the goute in the feete and ioyntes. DE PODAGRA ET ARTHRITIDE.

PODAGRA & arthritis in Latine, be diseases of one kinde. And therefore they differ not, but in places diseased. For in both of them there is weake∣nes of the ioyntes, and an vnnaturall humour floweth to them. And if that the fluxe of the humour doe flow to the feate, that is called Podagra in Latine. But if the humour flowe to other ioyntes,* 1.1 it is called in Greeke Arthritis, in Latine, articularis morbus, the ioint sicknes. Sometime, this euill doth rushe in sodainely, being equally dispersed throughout all the ioyntes. But for the most parte, the fluxe is wont to fall in priuilie, and by little and little. For in some, paine doth inuade the ioynte of the great toe, but in some the ende of the heele is afflicted. Againe in some other, the hollownes of the foote is grieued, either through chafeing of the shoe, or some such like thing. The goute taketh his beginning at the feete, whereupon it taketh the name, and it proceedeth vpward by little & little to the knees, & also to the ioyntes of the huckle bones, & the thighes. Afterward to the handes, euery ioint particularly being grieued. They that are taken extreamly with this disease, they haue paine in the backbone ioyntes, and in the ioyntes of the ribbes, and eye liddes, and to some paine in the throte also: neither is there anie connexion or knitting of boanes,* 1.2 which is free from this euill. This disease is engen∣dred of continuall crudities and drunckennes, and of immoderate vsing of lecherie, through vehement and swift deambulations and walkinges, through longe standing or often ry∣ding, by suppression and stopping of accustomed excretions and fluxes, and through inter∣mission of familiar exercises. Sorowes, cares, watchinges, and other perturbations of the minde do not onely engender this euill, but also doe breede hurtefull and corrupt humours. Also many times the cholicke being naughtely cured, is wont to be a cause, why the ioint sicknesse should follow. But, for the most parte, a disposition to this kinde of disease pro∣ceedeth from the parentes to the children, and their posteritie. Also vniuersally aboun∣daunce, of all rawe humours is the cause of this disease. The humours that do abound, and doe fasten them selues in the ioyntes, either be sanguine, or cholericke, or flegmaticke, or melancholious.* 1.3 Also sometime this euill is engendred of commixion of humours. The out∣ward causes may easely be knowen by the telling of the sicke, or them that be about him. The difference of humours you shall know by the signes following. The humour of blood, if it be much in quantitie,* 1.4 it causeth fulnes, and great swelling, not onely of the veines, but about the skinne of the whole member that is grieued, and maketh it red in colour. They which are afflicted with this euill, cannot suffer remeadies to be applyed that be verie cold, or verie hote, and they are continually vexed with paine, because the flowing of the bloude doth chaunce continually and equally. Their vrines are yelowe and meane of substaunce. Also their veynes doe abounde with bloude, and are puffed vppe and swollen. The conuenient age for this euill, is youth. Also meates that engender good iuice, and nourish aboundantly were eaten before, and exercises were neglected. The time of the yeare in the which the patient is most afflicted is spring time.* 1.5 If the humour, that floweth into the ioyntes, be cholericke, you may knowe it by the yealowish colour of the skinne. Sometime rednes is mixed with the yealow colour, that is when choler is commixed with bloud. Also there is sensible heate and sharpe paine like launcing. Also moystnes sodain∣ly

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bursteth out of the skinne, without euident swelling. The patient is eased with coo∣ling medicines, and reioyceth, but with hote thinges his paines augment. In the state and strength of the fitte, a feauer taketh him, and a verie great thirst. His vrine is cytrine, and sometime also it is sharpe. There is wont to goe before this disease, great cares, and wrath watchinges, and wermes, and a diet, that was apt to engender choler. The age, complex∣tion, and time of the yeare, that is hote and drie, be apt to cause this cholericke fluxe. And if the humour, that floweth into the ioyntes be flegmatick,* 1.6 the swelling will giue place to the thrusting of the finger, and it is loose and moderate. The coler of the member affli∣cted, is white. Olde age is most afflicted with this humour, and a complexion colde and moyst, and it chaunceth in the winter time. His vrine is thinne and waterie. There went before it idlenes, reast, and a diet that engendreth flegmaticke humours. If it be salt fleame, great ich, and gnawing, or byting doth trouble the diseased members. If the fluxe to the ioyntes be of melancholie, which chaunceth but seldome,* 1.7 the colour of the swelling is blac∣kish. The age, which doth most engender this fluxe, is the declination of middle age. Al∣so the complexion is colde and drie, and the time of the yeare, haruest, a countrie that is colde and drie, and like state of the aire, and a diet that engendreth melancholie. When the humour that floweth into the ioyntes, is bloud, by and by you must let bloud, not once onely, but often taking it awaie by little and little: for if you doe omit bloudletting,* 1.8 and do vse repercussiue medicines, you shall be an authour of great euill. For the bloud being, dri∣uen backe from the vnnoble members, it rusheth vp to the principall members, and that be necessarie to life. Therefore in fluxes of bloud, letting of bloud is verie necessarie, spe∣cially in them that abound with bloud. You must cut a veyne in the arme beneath, right against the legge that is vexed with the fluxe. And if the right hande be vexed with paine of this disease, cut a veine in the right legge, about the hamme, or the ankle, or the sole of the feete: for a veine being cut right against the member that is afflicted, is of great effica∣cie and strength. Then specially must bloudletting be vsed, when this euill beginneth first to inuade any man. For they that be vexed often with this fluxe of bloud, doe feele more hurte, then helpe of bloudletting, specially if their bodie be weake and colde.* 1.9 After bloud letting, you must applie remeadies to the agrieued member, which doe neither coole great∣ly, least they should driue togeather, and thicken the humours, nor heat vehemently, least they should draw mo humours vnto the diseased membre. Therefore you must sprinckle the grieued place with olde vinegre, and oyle of roses mixed togeather, specially if the cause of the paine doe seeme to be deepe within. For vinegre of his owne proper thinnes, going into the deapth, maketh a readie way for the oyle of roses, which naturally can ease paines. But if the paine be aloft, nigh the skinne, you shall helpe it geatly with oyle and wine, applying it in sommer warme, in winter hote. Afterwarde also you must vse cata∣plasmes, which can ease, and cease paine, without any prouoking of fluxes,* 1.10 made of the meale of fenugreeke, bareley, beanes, lupynes, chammomill and such like: and you must see that those thinges be euer hote, which may well be, if they be continually chaunged, and couered ouer alofte with woll. Also this medicine profiteth not a little. ℞. goates milcke. ℥.v. the yolkes of two egges, oyle of roses. ℥.j. saffron. ʒ.ss. crummes of bread as much as is sufficient, that it may haue the forme of a cataplasme stampe these, till they be well commixed togeather, and then apply thereof to the member that is grieued. Also you may make an emplaister or cerote of oyle of roses, vinegre, rozen, waxe, galbanum, gumme ammoniacke, franckensence, saffron and such like. You must giue him meates,* 1.11 which do extenuate, and that do nourish but little, as be potherbes. Let him abstaine altogeather from flesh, except it be birdes of mountaines. Let him vse fishes that breede in stonie wa∣ters. Wine if the intemperaunce of the sicke may suffer it, must altogeather be taken away: for it is almost the onely reason, whereby health shoulde follow: which, seeing among a thousand, scarce one doth obserue, it is not maruaile,* 1.12 though there be verie few which be deliuered from this disease at these dayes. In steede of wine let him vse water, wherein cin∣namome, annyse seedes, or such like hath bene sodden: or that drincke, which is called folishly now adayes ypocras: the making whereof you may finde before in the chapter of the Palsey. Let the sicke diligently auoide fruicte and carnall lust. Also he ought to haue a

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soluble bellie alwayes, that can auoide out the ordure readily alone: which, if it doe not well,* 1.13 wash it with some easie clyster. If through flowing of choler, the disease in the ioints be caused, then your labour must be to voide and purge out the humour that doth vexe the patient, which you must doe, aswell by vomiting, as by the belly downe warne. Therefore you must surely purge them that be thus afflicted, by medicines that draw out choler. Af∣ter that, vntill the full state of it, you must apply medicines that haue vertue to coole and restraine, as be those that are made of singreene, greene roses, sharpe sorrell, nightshade, plantaine, and such like, often before rehearsed. In this kinde of fluxe, many times, be∣cause of the vehemencie of the paine, you must vse such medicine, as can cause astonish∣ment.* 1.14 For the which purpose, it is good to apply the medicine which we described be∣fore, of gotes milcke, crummes of bread, saffron, and yolkes of egges, with the which, you must commixe poppie seedes. ʒ.iij. or opium. ℥.ss. or more, or lesse according to the paine. Also, for the same purpose, leaues of hemblocke and henbane doe profit, being applyed and laide on.* 1.15 But, you must note, and take heade, that, when you be compelled to vse stu∣pefactiue thinges in feruent, and vehement paynes, that afterwarde you doe recreate and nourish those members by such thinges, as doe heate. For vnlesse you doe so, you shall make those members weake, and intemperant, and so they shall be subiect to a perpetuall fluxe, and shall sone catch hurte in their actions. Heating medicines be origan, sauorie, mustardseede pepper and such like. Also you must helpe to prouoke sweating with hea∣ting and rubbing of the bodie: but so, that you touch not the aggreued member. Moreo∣uer, you must minister in drincke those thinges, that doe prouoke vrine: for such do voide out choler by the vrine. Also such thinges ministred, as doe cause sleepe, are wonte to do good, because the fluxe is stopped and dried vp by them, specially, if they be ministred af∣ter a purgation. You must giue them meates, that do coole, but not that do moisten: for moystnes encreaseth the fluxe.* 1.16 Let them not suffer hunger, for that maketh choler sharper. Of fruites, let them vse restrictiue apples and meddlars, and other, that doe coole, & stop, or let the fluxe. Let them abstaine altogeather from wine, as is aforesaide. They which are diseased through flowing of fleame, you must beginne the cure of them with purging of fleume.* 1.17 The flegmaticke humour is auoided by vomiting, but neuerthelesse also down∣ward by the bellie. But the best purging in this euill, is downward by the bellie, whither the disease stricke about the handes or the feete: and so much the more, if the fluxe be in all the ioyntes of the bodie. For the way, that is most familiar, and least perilous for fleame, is to goe out by the guttes. For if it were drawen by violence vpward to the stomach, & not purged out, it causeth perill. Therefore it is more safe, and healthfull to purge it downe∣ward. But before you minister purging medicines, you must minister those thinges, that haue vertue to cut, extenuate and deuide, that by this meanes the grosse humours may be preparate, and made apt to purge. If emptying may not be done by purging, then they must vse hungre and famine,* 1.18 many dayes, for they, that be flegmaticke of nature can suf∣fer hunger easily and without hurt. Hereupon Hypocrates saith, 7. Apho. 6. It is good for the bodies, that haue most flesh to vse hungre: for the hunger dryeth the bodies. Also they must vse discussiue & dissoluing frictions, & strong clisters & medicines that prouoke vrine: but you must apply outwardly such medicines, as can ease, and cease paine, and which can dissolue and drie moderately, of which we spake a little before. But in the beginning of the disease, you must mixe with them some thinges, that haue vertue to restraine & binde. After the beginning, you must vse onely dissoluing and discussiue thinges. The gentlest is this: of leaues althaea, sodden & beateh alone, or with floure, or bareley meale applied to it. Also, the roote of it sodden in aqua mulsa, and stamped and applyed, is good. And this oyntment is good. ℞. of the oyles of laurell,* 1.19 and yreos. ana. ℥.j. olde swines greace, butter ana. ʒ.iij. the warrow of a hart. ʒ.ij. fine turpentine. ʒ.v. galbanum, dissolued in vinegre. ʒ.j. Isope, roote of althaea, fenugreeke seede. ana. ℈.ij. waxe as much as it sufficient, and make an oyntment.* 1.20 Moreouer let the meates that you giue to nourish him, be drie of na∣ture, & small of norishing, as is iuice of rice, rootes, and such like: but yet flesh of the birdes of the mountaines rosted is not hurtfull to them. Capers with acetum mulsum. doth marue∣louslie profit. Giue vnto him wine, in verie little quantitie, at certaine times, and let it be

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thinne yealow & olde. They that are diseased through flowing of melancholie,* 1.21 they must be emptied either with bloudletting, or by purgation. Vse boudletting, when the bloud is infected with melancholie. And vse purgations, when the patient declineth to melan∣cholie: but if both these abounde togeather, it is not sufficient for you to vse one of the a∣foresaide thinges. But first, cut a veine, and then vse a purging medicine: which thing you must also doe in other euills that haue neede of dowble purging. In the beginning of the disease, and in the verie time of emptying and purging, you must vse such thinges as can represse, stoppe, and also heate sensibly. After purging, vse those thinges that can gentlie heate, attenuate and dissolue or discusse, as is afore taught. But because knobbes,* 1.22 and harde swellinges doe engender afterward in the ioyntes, aswell, because of the grosse∣nes, and earthie hardnes of the humour that hath flowed thither, as also through the vsing of immoderate discussiue, and drying medicines, without mixing of such with them, as haue a mollyfiyng vertue. Therefore to take those knobbes away, you must vse those medicines, which be declared of vs before in the chapter of hardnes of the spleene. But specially verie olde and sharpe cheese, brayed in the decoction of verie fatte, and olde swynes fleshe, is good to be applyed. Also, for this euill, figges braied, and laid on, are good. Also Althaea, twyse sodden, oates, nettles, briony roote, round rootes, dill, sothern∣woode, maieweede, horehounde leaues, mixed with pitch, sulphur and wine. Also you must commixe fatte, and greaces of swine, goates, calfes, and geese. Also all marowes and other thinges, that haue vertue to mollifie and soften. And also bathinges,* 1.23 after the inflammation is ceased, is most commodious, and profitable to all that haue the goute. While they wash them, put sponges wet in vinegre, and salt mixt togeather, round about the diseased places, that they may remaine safe from humours flowing to it. They must washe them selfes, not once onely, but often, in an ayre that is altogeather meane and moderate. But they may not tarie long in hote water. It is beast therefore, that they be sprinckled, & wet with hote water, poured on them. Also it is profitable, that all the bo∣die be rubbed with drie linnen cloathes. Moreouer, they that be cured of the goute, shall defend themselues afterwarde from it, by this meanes. First, twise in a yeare, that is,* 1.24 at spring time and autumne, if nothing doe let it, let him bloude largely. Also about those times, and oftener, let him vse purging medicines. Also it is necessarie for him to eate li∣tle meate, and to abstaine from fulnes. Also you must vse meates that be easie of digestion, and which readily be distributed into the members of the bodie and be without excre∣mentes. Let him abstaine altogeather from wine, or let him vse it verie scarely. Let him vse exercise verie often, and that before meate: for labour (as Hippocrates sayth) must go before meate. And to conclude, they, that desire to be free from the goute, let him re∣member this shorte, and most holsome precept of Hypocrates: the way to helpe and pre∣serue health, is not to be filled with meates, and to be vnslouthfull in labouring. Also let his sleepes, and venerous actes be in a meane. As for remeadies in this case, let salt be brayed small in oyle, and the ioyntes rubbed therewith, for it helpeth greatly all those, that will be free from this euill, except they be of a wonderfull drie temperature. And he must vse an∣noynting with that, morning, and euening all the dayes of his life

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