The methode of phisicke conteyning the causes, signes, and cures of invvard diseases in mans body from the head to the foote. VVhereunto is added, the forme and rule of making remedies and medicines, which our phisitians commonly vse at this day, with the proportion, quantitie, & names of ech [sic] medicine. By Philip Barrough.

The Second Booke. (Book 2)

CAP I. Against the inflammation of the Columella. DE COLVMELLAE INFLAMMATIONE.

THERE chaunceth in the throte many daungerous inflamacions (as Hippocrates wryteth in his Prognosticis) and first of this Columella ap¦peareth a certaine fleshie peece, hanging in the vpper parte of the mouth. If one do gape wide, and hold doun his tong, it may be seen By old time it was called Gurgulio,* 1.1 now it is called Columella. It is of∣ten vexed with inflammations, which is caused through bloud, and other humours which discend out of the head. The disease may be knowen by sight.* 1.2 Also ther chaunceth in it, difficultie in swallowing paine, swelling, rednesse of the Columella, and a feauer. The diet in a manner must be such as is ordained in other inflammations,* 1.3 and specially quietnes, reste, silence, and hunger are good, and to eat litle, or nothing at supper. For the cure, if there be fulnes of the bodie, you must begin with bloudletting,* 1.4 and first you must cut the Cephalica vaine in the arme, and afterward the vain vnder the toung. Also the belly must be purged by clisters, so that by that meanes not only the belly may be soluble, but also that the flowing of humours to the greife may be taken away. Also for the same purpose you may fasten cupping glastes to the shoulders.* 1.5 Neither must we let passe the remedies which are good to represse and stopp fluxe of humours. For as they do in all other diseases caused of the fluxe of humours; so in this behalfe for there first remedie they stoppe the fluxe of humoures. Therefore such remedies must be of a restrictiue nature and facultie. If that the fluxe of humours be moderate, minister thinges which restraine moderatly, as these be which be called soure. But if it be more vehement, adde to it sharpe thinges, for both be restrictiue, but soure be weake, and sharpe thinges strong, as Galen doeth say in his fourth booke of the vertues of simple medicines. cap. 6. and 7. Therefore vse collutions made of those thinges, as if they should be moderate, seeth dates sometime in water alone, and sometime with a litle honie put to them. Likewise make decoctions of roses, wine buddes, brambles, cipresse, the first buddes of pomgarnet floures, siligna, rootes of mulbery, soure apples, and sorbus. Those be stronger then these, which be made of the decoction of mittells, and ther bearies. Also of sharpe quinces, and young buddes of oke, or the maste of oke, also of meddlers, and a fruite called Cornus. The best collutions ar made of galles, Sumach acatia, and the floures of both the pomgarnettes, & their shelles. Among compound medicines this doth helpe wonder∣fully.* 1.6 ℞. the distilled waters of roses, plantaine, sorrell, prunella, solani. ana. ℥.ij. Diamoron succi medicati eribes. ana. ℥.ss. succi medicati ex exiochanta. ʒ.ij.ss. vineger wherin sumach is steeped. ℥.j. iuice of pomgarnettes. ℥.ss. comixe them togither, and with it wash the mouth Another of the same vertue.* 1.7 ℞. red roses, brambles. ana. M.j. pomegarnat floures and the shells, galls, maste of oke. ana. ʒ.iij. sumach, hipocischidis, acatia. ana. ʒ.ij. seedes of sorrell, & quinces. ana, ʒ.j. seeth them in. lb.j. of well water, vntill halfe remaine. the decoction being-strained, put to it of diamoron. ℥.j. succi medicati eribes, diacarion. ana. ʒ.ij.ss. vineger. ʒ.vj. cō∣mixe them all, and make a gargarisme. You must vse these medicines in the beginning of

the disease, and especially when the greife hath not the greatest cause: nor whē the body of the sicke is much stopped with humours, nor when the aggreaued place is weake through the nature of the impostume. But if it chaunce so (as it doeth often in the beginning, and often somewhat aftter) that is, the third day: you must commixe some of the dicussiue me∣dicines, as is line seeds, fenugreeke, mallowes, root of Ireos, & honie. Moreouer of what sort so euer the medicines be, minister them warme: for those that labour of inflammation, may suffer no cold. After the vigor of it, you may safelie minister discussiues, vnlesse the Columella begin to waxe harde: for them you must minister mollefiing medicines (that is) lineseed, fenugreeke, mallowes, Altheae tragaganthum, and such like, of the which you may make gar∣garismes. After that vse discussiues (as is) hisope, figs, licorice, decoct togither. If it drawe toward rotting, which may be perceued by his colour, and doth not breake alone by colluti∣ons of Mulsa, and Oximel scilliticum, then open it with some instrument. After the breaking and bursting out of the matter, let him vse medicines clensing, abstersiue and glutinatiue, es∣pecially the iuice of enpatorie, and such like.

CAP. II. Of a loose Columella DE LAXATA COLVMELLA.

OFtentimes it chaunceth that a loose Columella doth hang vpon the roots of the toūg & iaws. Of som it is called the viula Wherfor in the beginning you must vse such kind of cure, as the inflammation thereof requireth. In the begining the bodie and the head must be purged by medicines spoke•• of in the former chapter. Which being done you must make collutions and gargarismes of such thinges as do restrain and drie: after this sort. ℞. redde roses, sorrell, en∣patorie· ana. M.j. gallacum. ʒ.ij. Alome. ʒ.j. mirrhe, frankensense. ana. ʒ.ss. flaxe seed. ʒ.j.ss. seeth them in water, to the third parte,* 1.8 and adde to the iuice of that decoction strained of good. ℥.ss. and make a gargarisme. Also pouders do profit being blowen in with an instru∣ment for the purpose: as this is. ℞. drie roses, galls, roch alome. ana. ʒ.j.ss. pepper▪ ginger, ana. ʒ.ss. mirrhe. ʒ.j. bray it and searce it, and put it vp as before. Also take green nuttes and drie them, and date stones burned sufficientlie, take of ech of them equall portions, pouder them and vse them as the other. Also vnripe galles soliarmoniacke. ana. ʒ.j. do likewise. If the Columella must needes be cut, it is good to empty the belly first, lest the sicke be strangled. When the Columella is cut out, bow his head dounward, lest the bloud runne inward, And afterward wash his mouth with the decoction of sumach acatia galles, putting to it rosewa∣ter and vineger. Afterward minister thinges to heale it vp.

CAP III Of inflammacion of the tonsilles DE T0NSILLARVM INFLAMMATIONE.

TONSILLae be inflāmations of those thinges which lye betweene the mouth and the throte, some do call them Amigdalae, (that is) Almondes. Those tonsils oftentimes be inflamed: For their places be hote and moiste,* 1.9 They are most vexed with this euill, which haue aboundance of bloud, and children and in∣fants which do suck, through drawing of the milke. Also it chaunceth often to men and weomen through drinking of strong wines, and through much greedie deuouring of meat, specially if they be eagre and sharpe.* 1.10 They that be so afflicted haue difficultie in swallowing, and paine, and also sometime a feauer. Therefore the inflammation beginning you must take away meat, and minister to him water to drinck,* 1.11 or water wherin a litle Cina∣mon hath ben sodden, specially if there be a feauer. Let the whole diet be so ordered, as it

it in other inflammations. Let his meates be soupinges, for otherwise he cannot swallowe it.* 1.12 For the cure, if the inflammation be light, you must vse gargarismes, restrictiues, such as be taken in the beginning of an inflamed Columella. But you must beware in the begin∣ning, that you put no hony to the gargarismes, for it hath a sharpnes in it. If that the in∣flammation be vehement, so that he be in perill of choking: you must cut the Caephalica vaine in the arme on the same side.* 1.13 And if the belly be not soluble enough, cast in a clyster. You must prouoke childrens bellies by putting in a suppositary, and by annointing the tuel. After purging you must vse restrictiue medicines, vntill the vigour of the disease be ceased something. All these things (as we admonished before) must be ministred warm. Outwardly it is best to nourishe it with sponges, laid gently to it. Also lay to it plaisters made of barly meale, seeds of flaxe, fenugreke, and such like. The inflammation declining and waxing lesse: it is good to put in hony into your gargarismes, which in the beginning and increasing you may not do, least the sharpnes which is in it, do increase fluxe. Also at this time hotter gar∣garismes do profit. Outwardly you must put about the necke, soft woll dipped in oyle, and if that by vsing of sharpe collutions, or gargarismes, the inflammations be incresed, and by∣ting and gnawing come therby: you must vse gentler, as is iuyce of ptisan: Also gargaryz warme milke. When the inflammation and paine ceaseth, annoint with the aforsaid reme∣dies of the mouth, putting it in with your finger: so that by gētle annointing, the parts of the tonsilles which are swelled, may be thrusted, wherby they may put out the matter contained in them. But yet you may not thrust hard, as many vse to do, wherby they cause the inflam∣mation to be augmented. And therfore if by that meanes any hurt do chaunce: we must be content with ministring gentle gargarismes without any annointing. If that by ministring the remedies aforesaid,* 1.14 the greife be not eased, then looke for rotting of it, which you maye know by increasing of the inflammation, and by sharp exulcerations, exacerbations, and gnawinges in the euening when you looke for suppuration and rotting, you must help that it may quickly come to passe: therfore then you must minister hotter gargarismes, as is aqua mulsa, and decoction of figges, hysope, and seed of Althaea. Outwardly lay plaisters of barly meale and fengreeke, with decoction of figges, Althaea, and hony. When it is perfectly rot∣ten, the payne will diminish, and the swelling and inflammation wilbe made softer, so that it will giue place to the finger. Then you must minister sharp collutions, that they may breake the botche. In meates he must take great gobbettes of bread steeped in water, and likewise his meate must be eaten in lumpes: for vehement rouling of it vp and downe about the tonsils will breake the botches, as well as if they were cut. But if the patient will not do it, then open it with some fine instrument for the purpose. And after it is broken, let the sicke bowe his head downeward, that the matter may the better runne out. And let him garga∣ryze aqua mulsa alone, and afterward commixe with it decoction of lintels and roses. And with these you must tary, vntill it be healed.

CAP. IIII. Of malignant vlcers of the tonsilles. DE SERPENTIBVS ET MALIGNIS TONSILLA∣RƲM VLCERIBVS.

THERE beginne malignant vlcers of the tonsiles, sometime with a fluxe of them going before: sometime they are caused of an accustomed inflammation being augmented.* 1.15 They chaunce often to children, and also to them of per∣fect age, especially to those which aboūd with vicious humours. They chaūce to children after the Apthis in the mouth.* 1.16 In colour they be like to skurfes, which are burnt with yron. Alsoe there chaunceth to the sicke drynes in swallowing, and often choking, especially when rednes is vnder the chinne. If gnawing and sharpnes of hu∣mours hathe gone before, there followeth putrefaction. You must proceed in the cure spee∣dely,* 1.17 and if he be of perfect age, & no other thing forbidding it, it is good to cut the Caephalica

veine in the arme, or if that appeare not, the middle veyne. If they be maydes, whome, at perfect age, for lacke of purgation of menstruis, this disease doth often infect: then in them you must cut the Saphena vaine, letting bloud but once only, and yet at that time, not till the hart faile, least after it, vertue be destroyed by ouer much fluxe of menstruis. Furthermore the belly must be emptied by clysters, suppositaries, and by annointing of the tuell. And you must labour by all meanes to turne the humour from the aggreiued place: for the which purpose fasten cupping glasses nigh to the loynes, and vse to bind the extremities as the handes and feete. Afterward it is good to vse gargarismes, declared before in the chapter of Columella, and in the chapter following. After the beginning of the sicknes, minister Diamoron, or a collution mixed with Mulsa, then also decoction of Ireos, and other thinges rehearsed in the abouesaid places. We must take heed, that we touch not the vlcerate ton∣sils with our finger, not so much as to touch it softly. For the vnskilfull, to whome with great error men do seeke in doubtfull matters: they do annoy it vehemently, also they doe thrust the aggreiued place, & pull alway the scabbe or roue, which they ought not to do, before they see the rooue lifted vp, and scarce cleauing to the sore. For if we intend to pull away the scabbe, whils it sticketh fast, the vlceration will pearce more deep, and inflammation will followe, and the paine will increase, and they will come to venemous vlcers. Therfore it is good to blowe in dry remedies, and to annoint liquid thinges with a feather. Dogges doung mixed with hony and annointed, taketh away the rooues maruellously, which wilbe the better, if the dogge be fed only with bones two dayes before. It helpeth greatly, nether hath it any vnsauorines being ministred in meates. Also the ashes of swallowes burnt, and the ashes of Centory minor burnt, with hony mixed is good. After the irritations and cha∣singes made by medicines, you must appease it with decoction of lycorice, and with a gar∣garisme, which is made of masticke, mirrhe, Tracaganthum, amylum and saffron,* 1.18 ministring also, while the vlcer feedeth, milke mixed with terra lemnia to gargarise. What need many wordes? You must be diligent and carefull, specially in clensing and purging the vlcers. Many infantes do suffer the crampe in purging of the vlcers. Some be strangled, because the way of swallowing is dryed vp. It is good to apply outwardly fomentes, and emplai∣sters, with taking heed, least we do coole it. For the cure will prosper, if the matter, that is holden within, can be drawen outward. Therfore alwayes after the taking of the plaisters away, couer the partes that be about the chinn, by laying vpon it soft woll, sprincled with oleum nardinum. To conclude, when the skurfes are loosened, and the vlcers purged, vse this remedie following. ℞. flours of red roses. ʒ.iij. saffron. ʒ.j.ss. Balaustiae. ʒ.ss. mirrhe. ℈.j. pyne nuttes made cleane. ʒ.ij. Amyli. ʒ.j. Sumach, roch alome, ana. ʒ.j.ss. beat them, commixe them with hony, and vse to annoynt it three times on the day.

CAP. V. Of the Squinnancie. DE ANGINA.

ANGINA in latin, squinancie in englishe, But in greek Sinanchi.* 1.19 It is proper∣ly an inflamacion which is in the throte, or in the iawes. Ther be fowre kinds of squinances, one is, when the iaws be inflamed: (by the iawes, I meane, the place, wher the endes of the weasand, & the trachaea arteria do agree). Ano∣ther [ 1] is, when nether the iawes nor other partes of the mouth, nor yet the out∣ward [ 2] partes do seeme to be inflamed: yet the sicke feeleth perill of choking in the throte The third is when the partes about the throte be inflamed both outwardly and inwardly. [ 3] The fourth is, when the ioyntes betweene the bones of the head, and the necke be losened [ 4] to the former part of the necke: whereby the place appeareth hollowe, and the sicke feeleth payne, when it is toucheth without. The Sqinancy is caused through aboundance of hote bloud, flowing vnnaturally to the places afore rehersed.* 1.20 It is knowen by these signes the breath is drawen very hardly, and not without the necke be holden right, and there is diffi∣cultie

in swallowing.* 1.21 Also in some, a feauer, rednes of the face and necke. There chaunceth also in many, swelling: the sicke yauneth with open mouth, and draweth breath. Therefore in the beginning euery squynance requireth a hastie and speedie remedie. Wherefore you must by and by cut the outward veyne on the same side of the shoulders,* 1.22 except some grea∣ter perill doe let it: but you must take away the blood by litle and litle, at many tymes, and not all at once; for the blood being taken away altogether on heapes, the hart soone faileth and so the perill of choking commeth vpon him. And moreouer also the refrigeration and fainting of the hart, the matter is quickly caried from the ••awes to the lunges, and so bring ineuitable perill. Take heed also that ther be litle diduction of the veine, for therof commeth much failing of the mind, and yet it is not good to make a narrow incision of the vaine, lest the bloud be as it were strained, & the grosser parte remaineth within stil, which is the cause of this disease. It is profitable to them to haue the bloud drawen out againe the next day, vnlesse the swelling of the disease let it, or faintnes of the harte. If the sicke be a woman, cut the vaine on the anckles, specially if the menstruis be stopped, and the bloud must be drawē out moderatlie.* 1.23 If by these he be but litle eased, then is it good to cut those vaines which be vnder the tounge & that by and by, at the first or the second day. And if there be any thing that forbiddeth bloud letting, the belie must be emptied with a sharpe clister, such as is des∣cribed in the chap. of apoplexia. After vniuserall euacuations, you must fasten one cupping glasses; and if there be swelling about the cheekes, or vnder the chinne, it is good to fasten cupping glasses to the swelling, and with sacrification to drawe out much bloud. Also to strew salt vpon the scarrif••ing and to rubb it.* 1.24 And if there appeare no swelling outward, you must fasten a cupping glasse behind in the neck, neere to the shutting of the first ioint, and you must vse it with constant attraction, pulling away the glasse often. Also the humoures must be turned away,* 1.25 least they flow to the place which is agreaued and inflamed. For the which purpose, you must bath the feete with hote water. Also bind and rubb the handes & feete stronglie. The neck must be couered with wooll that is moist, or that is dipped in warm oyle. also by & by (at the beginning) you must vse gargarizes, which doe neither vehement∣ly driue back nor yet only discusse: For those which doe altogether repell, and driue back they bring perill of choking, by thrusting humors to the lunges. Those which be only dis∣cussiue, they draw more then is meet by reason of ther heat. Therfore when the beginning is with much inflammation, you must minister those things, which do restrain gently, as is de¦coction of roses, lintels, and dates, or els restrictiue gargarismes declared before in the cap. De Columellae inflamatione commixing some discussiue medicines with it. of that sorte ar roses or sumach sodden with aqua mulsa, and decoction of Sebesten. When the disease is at his strength and standeth: you must vse those things which haue discussiue vertue only in them, as is decoction of fenugreeke, figes, raisons, licorice or stronger thinges, as the roote of ireos hisope, nigella, sothernwood with oximel. Therefore it shallbe lawfull at this time to vse a gargarisme made thus. ℞. of licorice scraped. ℥.j. raisons. ℥.ss. dry figes in number. 6. fenu∣greeke. ℥.ij. hisope, sothernwood. ana. M.ss. seeth them in one pound of well water, till halfe be consumed: then put into the licour of that decoction being strained of mel rosarum. ℥.j.ss. oximel simplex. ℥.j. commixe them all & make a gargarisme. Also doges dounge, such as is found amongest herbes,* 1.26 and is very white in colour, being beaten and finely searced, and mixed with hony, is a most excellent medicine, being ministred like a lohoch, that they may swallow it very softely. Likewise the ashes of swallowes burnt, is very effectuall being so mixed with hony. Moreouer to the necke without, you must apply those plaisters in them which be vexed with inflamacion which can concoct and discusse, as this is. ℞. the meale of line seede,* 1.27 fenugreeke, and barly. ana. ℥.j. seedes of althaea, ʒ.iij. mallows, floures of cammomill and melilote. ana. M.j. seeth them in water vntill they waxe soft, then stāp them in a morter, and make a softe plaster. or put to it oiles of cammomill, and lillies, ana ℥.j.ss. and being boiled againe, make an emplaister. Neither shall it be vnprofitable, if the necke be annointed with oiles of cammomill, dill, and lillies, or fomented with decoction of fenugreeke, melilote, & cammomill. They which are vexed with the squinancy, let thē vse .iij. daies aqua mulsa for ther drincke.* 1.28 Afterward iuice of ptisan by it selfe, or with som sweete potion, for that iuice hath vertue to extenuate discusse, nourishe, and to coole. Whē

the inflammation is somewhat flaked, and the sick beginneth to swallowe better: giue to him the yolks of rere eggs, and soupings made of Alica. To conclude the eating of the sick,* 1.29 & his meates must be according to his strēght: therfor he must eschew ouermuch feeding. Sleep must especially be eschewed aswel in the squinancy as in all other inflāmations. For in sleep (as Hippocrates saith) the bloud creepeth within, and the flowing of humours to the gree∣ued place, doth encrese more

CAP VI Of the coughe. DE TVSSI.

THERE be diuerse causes of the cough. For as Galen saith. 1. lib. 2. de simpt••. causis. Cold distempure of the instruments of brething causeth the cough.* 1.30 Also a humour distilling from the head to the Trachaea arteria, and sharpnesse onely [ 1] of the vpper skinne of trachaea arteria going about within, doth prouoke the [ 2] cough. Also wormes troubling the stomach, and raising vp some qualitie, sen∣ding [ 3] it to the iawes, doth cause the cough. Moreouer a humour contained in the lunges, & [ 4] the breast is the cause of inflammation in the lunges, disease in the sides, consumtion, and [ 5] the cough. Those which be outward signes, and may cause the cough, be smoke, dust, and [ 6] whatsoeuer doth exasperat the trachaea arteria.* 1.31 The signes of coughing caused only throgh cold distempure of the instruments of respiration and breathing are that those which be so afflicted, they spitt out nothing while they cough, nor the cough is not violent nor constrai∣ning: but it is so small, that not onely it may be suppressed by holding the breath: but also vnlesse it be very great, it maybe healed, because through stopping of the breath, the parts vexed with cold, do waxe hote. Moreouer they which ar vexed with this kind of coughe, they are more prouoked to it by often fetching of ther breath, because the cold thereby is encreased, and made more stronger. Therefore if they breath, and fetch ther wind easily, & be also in a warme house, they cough litle or nothing at all. They be pale of face, and not thirstie, they are greeued with cold thinges, and are best with hote thinges. The coughes which chaunce with tikling of the partes on either side of the palate, they do openly shew a flowing humour, comming from the head to trachaea arteria: and to the lunges which you may well know by difficultie of breathing that followeth. And if that they which be thus afflicted do spit out nothing, it declareth it to be a thinne reume, which being cut of by ex∣pulsion of breath, it is caried no further by reason o•• his thinnes, but the flowing of it retur∣neth again. The diet is diuerse, according to the diuersity of causes: for if the cough be cau∣sed of cold distempure, ocupying the instruments of breathing: you must eschew, aier, wind,* 1.32 and also cold meat and drinck: but if the cough be caused through humours distilling from the head: let the diet be such as is described before in the cap. of distillation. But vniuer∣sally they which haue the coughe, must eschewe salte thinges, sharpe thinges, and whatsoeuer would exasperate the trachaea arteria. The cough that is caused through cold of the instrumentes of breathing, shalbe cured by remedies that can make them hote.* 1.33 There∣fore let the neck be wrapped about with warme woll, and let him breath seeldome, because that stopping of the breath (as is said befor) doth not only let the cough, but also oftētims it heleth it. Therfor it is good to haue the sick cōuersant in a hote house, & let him breath very softely. Also let the breast be fomented with hote ointments, as is oiles of ireos, lillies and dill. If a humour that is thinne and sharp,* 1.34 flowing out of the head to the trachaea arteria and the breast, do cause a cough: then it shalbe healed specially by meates of good iuice, and by medicines which do coole, thicken, temper, and stop sharpnesse and inordacitie. For which purpose it is good to minister strupes of violettes of Nimphaea, of poppie, the antidote Dia∣tragacantha, diapenidion siue speicebus, pilula ••echicae, and such like. Among all other this loche is excellent good. ℞. Diatragacantha, diapenidion siue speciebus. ana. ʒ.vj. iuice of licorice. ʒ.ij. pilulae h••chicae. ʒ.j. storax calamint. ʒ.ss. mirrhe, dry roses. ana. ʒ.j. tragacanthe,* 1.35 pine nutts. ana. ʒ.ss. sirupe of violettes, as much as shall suffice to commix them and make an Ecligma. Alsoe for that purpose it is good to minister those medicines which ar spoken of before in the cap.

of distillations.* 1.36 But if a greeuous and viscous humour be cause of the cough, we shall cure it by those thinges which do deuide and extenuat. Therfore then we must minister to the sick sirupes of lycorice, hisope, horehound, calamint and such like, or els this decoction. ℞. roots, ireos, percely, lycorice. ana. ℥.j. rootes of Ella campana. ℥.ss. dry figges in number vij. of rai∣sons the stones picked out. ℥.j. seedes of nettell, annise and fennell. ana. ʒ.ij. hisope, maidē-heare, scabias and horehound. ana. M.j.ss. the best agarick. ʒ.iij. Seeth them all in well wa∣ter of iust quantity, till the third parte be consumed, then strain it, and to the iuice of that de∣coction put sirup, and hisope of horehound, ana. ℥.ij.ss. and make a potion. Afterward if it seeme conuenient by the state of the patient, you must empty the body with those medi∣cines which do purge grosse and clamme humours.* 1.37 And among other spoken of in the first booke,* 1.38 the infusion of Agaricke is verie good: which is made after this sort. ℞. of elect aga∣rick. ʒ.ij. ginger. ℈.j. salt gemme. ʒ.iij. beat them and infuse them one night in ℥.ij of odorife rous white wine, water of wormewood and fennell. ana. ℥.j. In the morning strain it and wring it, and put to it Electuarium nidi maioris. ʒ.ij.ss. Oximel squilliticum. ℥.ss. and make a potion. The body being purged, let him haue a loch sometime commixed with other anti∣dotes:* 1.39 after this sort. ℞. Loch, epino, loch saniet experti, Loch è scilla. ana. ʒ.iij. Diayreos Salo∣monis ℥.j. pouder of Diapenidion cum speciebus. ʒ.j. pouder of the rootes of Enula and ireos. a∣na. ʒ.ij.ss. iuice of Lycorice. ʒ.j.ss. sirupe of horehound, as much as shall suffice, to commixe them. Moreouer the breast must be annointed outwardlie with hote oiles of lillies, Ireos & sweete Almondes, putting to them greace and other thinges after this sort. ℞. oiles of lillies and sweete Almondes. ana. ʒ.iij. of hennes greace. ʒ.j.ss. fresh butter. ʒ.ij. the muscelage of fenugreek and rootes of Althaea. ana. ʒ.j.ss. storax. ʒ.ss. pouder of the rootes of Enula and Ireos. ana. ʒ.j. safrone ℈.j. white waxe as much as is sufficient,* 1.40 make an ointment. The residue that is requisite for the cure of the cough, are to be sought in the chapter of distillation.

CAP. VII. Of the Asthma. DE ASTHMATE.

* 1.41THE Asthma is caused when as grosse and clammy humoures be gotten in a∣boundantlie into the gristells or lappetes of the loungs, or that there be some swelling in it, like vnto a botch. Also they do breath difficultlie, weereby the Trachaea arteria is repleat and filled with distillations.* 1.42 These euills are easie to be knowen a sunder. For distillation doth also chaunce in hailefolke by and by through as manifest a cause in a manner altogither without a feauer, hauing the tokens of a distillation following it. If ther be swelling of the loungs like a botche, ther must needes follow a feauer, and so within fewe dayes after, the inflammation being rotted the matter of it is cast out with the coughe. Yf ther be a crude and rawe tubercle and botch ingendred, such doe not feele any great griefe, nether are they much troubled, with difficul∣tie of breathing: but they are much troubled, when they eate or drinke, because they cannot swallowe but with much griefe. Those which be properly astamatickes, or orthopnickes, they haue no feauer at all, and there chaunceth to them heauines of sense, and they do not spitt out matter with their spittle. Let their dyet be altogether hote and drye, therfore he must eschewe ayre cold and moist.* 1.43 He must eate the flesh of partriches, birdes of the moun∣taines, hennes, capons, and such like. He must eschewe fishes, fruicte, pulse, and all other thinges, that can ingender grosse and clammy humours. Let him vse often hysope, percely, and fennell. Vniuersally let him drincke a small quantity at once, which haue a botch risen, but much drincke must be vsed of those, whose gristles and flappes of the lunges are stop∣ped with grosse and clammy humours, which are not easie to be cast out with the spittle be∣cause of ther thickenes, and therfore they haue need of muche moistening, that it may come out the easilier. He must vse exercise before meat, but not sudanely by and by because ma∣ny by these meanes are dead. Frictions and rubbinges of the breast do profit. Perturbations of the mynd, especially, wrathe and lamentation are to be eschewed. But for the cure of the

aforsaid euils generally, you must labour that the aboundance of that humour, which engen¦dreth these euils, may be abolished and consumed.* 1.44 But before the cure of the euils particu∣larly, if the euill be engendred of grosse and clammy humours, you must cure it by extenua∣ting and clensing medicines. If it come of swelling like a botche, you must cure it by extenu∣ating and drying medicins. Against grosse and viscous humours, those medicines be good, which do extenuate and scoure without heat vehement,* 1.45 for grosse and viscous humours doe vexe more toughe and clammy as well with vehement heat as they do with cold, so that af∣terward they can scarce be deuidid and pluckt away. Therfore Oximell squilliticum or squilla rosted and brayed with hony is especially to be ministred vnto them. Also Syrupes of lyco∣race, horehound, and hysope; Also the decoction rehersed in the last chapter before is good for purging. Yf necessity requyre, before all thinges cut the middle vaine in the arme, or the inner vaine, and draw out so much bloud as strength will suffer. But if the body be not full, (the humour being preparate to purging by the premisses) you must minister often stronger medicines, which may driue out the grosse and clammy humours. Therfore pilles of Aga∣ricke, and pilulae cochiae, also Diaturbith with Rewbarbe, antidotum indi, and diaphaenicon are good for this purpose. Also minister the infusion of Agaricke described before in the laste chapter. Also the belly must be washed with strong clisters.* 1.46 Also he must vomit nowe and then, by taking of radish and other thinges which prouoke vomitte, of the which we haue spoken in the first booke of melancholiousnes. But in the meane season whyle purgations be ministred, you must minister medicines which can dissolue and extenuate humours con∣tained in the breast by little and little, and he must take Aristolochia rotunda, the rootes of Enula and Ireos, nettleseede, hysope, nigella, calamynt and such like. Where with you may make decoctions or loches. For which purpose also those Ecligmata,, which are rehersed in the chapter of the coughe, are good. Also Trochischi Becci••albi be most excellent. Out∣wardly you must lay to the breast, plaisters made of figges, barly meale, or rather meale of fitches, hauing rosen, hony, and waxe commixed with it. Also apply to the breast of Ireos,* 1.47 dill, rewe, and such like, as is this. ℞. oyles of dill and rew. ana. ℥.ss. the greace of hennes and duckes. ana. ʒ.ij. the rootes of Ireos, Enula, and Dracontij maioris. ana. ʒ.j. seede of flaxe. ℈.ij. Storax. ʒ.iij. waxe as much as is sufficient, make an ointment. But the breast must first of all be rubbed with a rough linnen cloth, that (the poores being opned & vnlocked the strēgth of the medicine may more readily pearce to the bottome. Also you must vse those medi∣cines which can exulcerat the skinne, and can drawe out matter and watterye humours: as those be which are named rubefacientia.* 1.48 For this purpose the breast must be rubbed with nettles, brayed or beaten. The places that are blistered are to be cured with warme oyle. But in an inueterat euill, and where all medicins are ministred in vaine, we must flye to bur∣ning, as Aetius teacheth in lib. 8. cap. 57. how it should be done. For the cure of that which is like a botche, which hath need of medicines to attenuate and dry, (as is said before),* 1.49 you must note that it is cured with Aromaticke thinges, because they do extenuate drye & heat. Therfore then you must giue vnto the Astmatickes specially Antidotes, cōpounded of these thinges as is Theriaca, Mithridatum, Antidotum è moscho dulce, Diambar Aromaticum rosaccum Diamargariton callidum, and many such other like.

CAP. VIII. Of the Plurisie. DE PLEVRITIDE.

PLEVRISIE, to speake exquisitely and properly, is an inward inflammacion of the vpper skinne girding the ribbes and the sides. In latine it is called late∣ralis dolor. Neither is it rashely added to speake exquisitely and properly. For throughe many tormentes and throughe meates grosse and flegmatike there doe engender humours that be could, crude, grosse and viscous in the bodie, which often tymes doe place themselues by and by in the voide place of the breast, or in the lounges yt self, and by reason of there multitude, they stretch out the vpper skinne, girding

the sides within,* 1.50 and cause paine. But of this we will speake nothing, because the cure of it doth differ litle from the cure of asthma, rehersed in the last chap. The plurisie which is an in∣flammaiont of the vpper skinne, which girdeth the sides within, is caused of aboundaunce of hote bloud,* 1.51 flowing vnnaturally to the aforesaid vpper skinne within. The signes hereof ar difficultie of breathing, the coughe, a continuall feauer, vehement pricking paine, a hard pulse, and sharpe like a sawe. And if his spittle be redde and bloudy, it signifieth bloud to haue dominion, if it be yellow and subpale, choler hath the mastery, if it be white and froathie, fleume ruleth, if it be blackish, it betokeneth blacke choler to haue the mastery or melancholie. The first two daies the sicke must be content, with the iuice of ptisan for his meate.* 1.52 Afterward make him almonde milke with the decoction of ptisan, or the crummes of fine bread mixed with the broth of a chicken or cocke, specially if the patient be weake. He must vniuersallie eschew all thinges that be sharpe and restrictiue. Let his drincke be water wherein cinamon is sodden, and let the patient eschew cold water as a pernicious thing, because it maketh the spittle grosse and thicke. Also let him eschew wine altogether. Let him lie vpon the side, that is greaued. Let him auoyd wrath, sorrow, and other pertur∣bations of the mind.* 1.53 In the beginning of the cure, the phisition must diligently consider, whether the body of the sicke be greaued with aboundance of humours or noe, so that he must knowe at the first, whither the paīne doth mitigate and dissolue with heating medi∣cines, and when it doth not. For if the body be not full of humours, then in the beginning of the pleurisie and inflammation the paine must be mitigated and discussed with fomentes & medicines that doe heate. But if the bodie doe abound with euill humours or be full of bloud you may not beginn the cure with those thinges that doe heate, for they moue fluxe of hu∣mours to the aggreued place, for the place, to the which thinges that doe heate are laide, draweth more to it, then it sendeth out by vapours againe. Therefore then you must not vse hote fomentes which can not dissolue the paine, but all the bodie must be emp∣tied by bloude letting,* 1.54 and you must cut the inner vaine of the arme, which they call the liuere vaine, or the splene vaine, on that arme which is right against the greefe on the same side. For bloud letting on the same side, doth not only drawe bloud away from the aggreaued parte, but also it purgeth it quickely, which is greately requisite in the pleu∣risite, and in other inward inflammationes. After bloud letting, if the womb do not cast out the excrementes of it selfe, as it ought to doe, then caste into the bellie this easie clister. ℞. mallowes, leaues of purple violetts, mercurie, spinage, of both the garden endiues. ana. M.j. whole barley. ℥.j. seeth these in iust quantity of water,* 1.55 vntill the third parte be consu∣med: then take of the iuice of that decoction. lb.j. of casia fistula newlie drawen. ℥.j.ss. of the oiles of cammomill and violettes ana. ʒ.j.ss. fresh butter. ℥.ss. comon salt. ʒ.j. and commixe them all, to make a clister. After the bodie is emptied you must apply outwardly fomentes that do heat and mitigate paine,* 1.56 such as sacculi be, which are made of the floures of Cam∣momill, dill, melilote, tapsus barbatus, seede of flaxe, fenugreeke, milium, and branne mixed together, the decoctions of the herbes aforesaid being put into bladders, or some other de∣uises. Also you may well apply a great soft sponge, being dipt in the aforesaid decoctions, & applied to the greife warme. You must couer the foments with clothes, lest there strengh do vanishe away quickly. Also take an aple, take out the core of it and fill the hole with Oliba∣num, & rost it till it be soft, then take of the skin of the aple, & mixe the soft of the aple & the Olibanum together, and let rhe patient make bols of it, & swallow it all at once, which doth remoue the pain very much. This plaister also is good for this purpose. ℞. floures of Cammo¦mill,* 1.57 tapsus barbatus, and dill. ana. M.ss. line seede fenugreeke. ana. ʒ.iij. Annise seede. ʒ.j. barly meale. M.ss. bray them and put them in water, till they be as thick as hony, after put to oiles of Dill and cammomill. ana. ℥.j.ss. boile them again and adde to it the yolkes of two eggs,* 1.58 Of safron. ℈.j. and make an emplaister. After the 7. day if the pain do continewe still after one sorte: fasten a cupping glasse to the side, and scarrifie the skinne, for a manifest co∣moditie doeth ensue to them that haue the Pleurisie, hy applying of cupping glasses. The cutts of the scarrified places must be strewed with salt if the patient can abide it, if not, lay vpon it a linnen cloth dipped in oile and sprinkled with salt. The next day after the scarrefi∣••g is done, it is good to fasten on a cupping glasse againe, that the matterie bloud may be

drawen out of the litle wounds. This secōd extraction is better then the first, for at the second time the blood is not drawen away, but the matter. Also the Phisition may not neglecte to minister to the sicke such medicines as are good to make the fleume come vp easily (as is) Diapenidion, Diatragacanthes, conserues of violettes, Trochisci pectorales, putting to them other looches rehersed before in the chapter of the cough. Outwardlie you must apply me∣dicines that haue vertue to discusse (as is) fenugreeke, dill, melilote, hisope, and such like. And if there do appeare tokens that it will rotte, and turne into matter, you must further it with this or the like oyntment. ℞. oyles of chammomill, of sweete almoundes, and of lillies.* 1.59 ana. ʒ.iij. butter without salt, hennes greace. ana. ʒ.ij. the musculage of fenugreke, lyne seed, & the rootes of Althaea. ana. ʒ.j. waxe as much as is sufficient, make an oyntment. The botche being broke, you must minister those thinges that do clense and purifie matter and filthe, (as is) aqua mellis, or decoction of bareley, or suger roset. The filth being clensed, you may minister glutinatiue medicines, which shalbe sufficiently declared in the chapter of the Pti∣sicke afterward.

CAP. IX. Of the inflammation of the Lunges. DE PERIPNEVMONIA.

PERIPNEVMONIA is an inflammation of the lounges with a sharp feauer.* 1.60 This disease for the most part is caused of strong distillations falling to the lounges, or els of the squinauncy, or the Asthma, or the Pleurisie, or of other diseases. Also sometime only inflammation is the cause of this disease.* 1.61 They which haue this euil, haue difficult breathing, the lounges lying vpon the hart doeth bring choking, they haue a sharpe and burning feauer, and also fulnes and stretching out of the breast without payne. But if the skinnes which be ioyned all the length of the breast within be inflammate, then they feele payne at the breast. All the face, and the ag∣greued place looke red, the nose is croked in the toppe, the veynes of the temples doe beate, the eyes do swell, the toung is dry, the appetite is lost, the breath is hote, they couet cold wa∣ter, and rather cold ayer, they haue a dry cough, it is froathy and cholericke, or bloudy and red which be the worst tokēs. Yf the sicke shall dy, he shal watch much, & haue fearful short sleaps, the hands & feete shalbe cold, the nailes shalbe crooked & swart, & he shal dye the fourth or the seuenth day at the furthest. But if the sicke shall recouer, ther will follow blee∣ding aboundantly, or perturbation of the wombe, by passing forth of many cholerike and froathy humours, and sometime the inflammation is chaunged into matter, and the matter being filthye is driuen out either with egestion or with the vryne, and the sicke is deliuered from all the greife by and by. And if it do flow into the lounges and that aboundantly, or do choke him, then it is chaunged into a Ptisicke. For ther dyet you must minister to them sou∣pinges made of the iuice of Ptisan, mixed with hony, origan, or hysope.* 1.62 They haue more need of extenuatiue meates then those that haue the Pleurisy. Also Alica, or aqua mulsa is good for them. Let them drincke litle, for moistnes hurteth the lounges. You may minister for preseruing of strength (especially if choking constraineth you) Mulsa alone, & with pine nuttes, or mulsa wherin hysope is sodden, the pouder of dry Ireos to aqua mulsa is good. Ge∣nerally the dyet of those that haue Peripneumonia must in a maner be the same, which the pleurisie should haue, specially if they begin to recouer.* 1.63 For the cure you must eschewe let∣ting of bloud in such as haue fallen to this euill out of other diseases, especailly if they haue bene long in this case, or if they were let bloud before. You must mollifie the belly with cli∣sters, if he be costiue, or apply cupping glasses to the breast and sides, if nothing do lett it, and that great boxinges and many, the skinne being cut and scarified. But if the peripneumonia began first without any other disease going before, then let him bloud,* 1.64 if strength and other thinges will suffer it, you must cut the inner vaine of the arme and if strength will suffer it drawe bloude on bothe the armes, and first but a little, in no case, vntil his harte faile, so that some strength may be kept for the bloud letting of the next arme. But if anie thing doth forbid bloud letting, you may fasten cupping glasses to the whole breast, and the

sides. And you must gett out as much bloud as strength by them will suffer. Also it is good to mollifie the belly with sharp clisters, made of the decoctions of hysope, yreos and rewe, putting to it the pulpe of Coloquintida, Sal gemme, and other thinges necessarie for suche cly∣sters. After this you must labour and see, that the breast & the lounges be purged by muche spitting, which must be made swift and easy. For the which purpose you must vse those Ecligmaes, oyntmentes, and emplaisters, which are declared before in the chapter against the pleurisie, excepting that in this case, you must minister the most stronge thinges, and those that haue much strength and vertue in extenuating. Therfore you must minister loch e scylla, loch e pulmone vulpis, the decoction of the roote of yreos & Enula. And you must make a cerate of oyle of rewe and nardinum, putting to it the marrow of a hart, of yreos, hysope, & horehound beaten verie fine, and commixed with Venyce turpentyne, and lay it all ouer the breast, and the sides.

CAP. X. Of spitting bloud. DE SANGVINIS REIECTATIONE.

SPITTING of bloud is caused many times of an outward manifest cause, as of falling from a high place,* 1.65 or a stroke giuen to one outwardly, or with vehement striking,* 1.66 or leaping, or if anie heauy thinges haue fallen vpon the breast, either els with great crying, or immoderat cold: for cold as Hippocrates witnesseth bre¦keth veines. Also spitting of bloud may be caused through heate. Also sometime spitting of bloud is caused of inward and secret causes as fulnes and aboundance of naughtie bloud,* 1.67 gnawing asunder the vaines, & brusting open the heades of them. The gnawing a sunder of those vaines is caused of sharpe humours either falling from the head to the lounges, or els engendred in the lounges it selfe. Moreouer the bloud, that is spit out, sometime com∣meth from the breast and the lounges, or from the Trachea arteria, and sometime from other places of the mouth or gummes, or the iawes, or from the stomake, vnto the which doth fal bloud out of the veyns and members adioyning (that is to say) from the liuer & the splene. The outward causes are knowen thus: If the spitting of bloud be caused of aboundance of bloud,* 1.68 then the bloud commeth out gushing all at once, and after it is out, the sicke is better and lighter. But if it be caused through brusting of the mouthes of the veynes, then hote perturbations haue gone before it, as though the patient had vsed many hote bathes, & had dwelt in a hote Region, vsing hote dyet, in a hote season. If spitting of bloud be caused throgh gnawing and eating a sunder the veynes, then the bloud is not spitted forth all on a heape, but by little and little with the cough, and they are alwayes worse. Also if the bloud which is spitted, be froathy and palish and cometh forth now & then with the coughe with∣out any paine, it is a sure token, that the bloud commeth out of the lounges. If flegmaticke bloud be spitted out with easie coughinges and reaching, then the bloud commeth from the Trachea arteria. If bloud be spi••ted forth being blacke and clodded together, hauing also the cough and paine in the aggreaued place, thē it is a token, that it cōmeth from the breast. For the dyet let him vse meates which haue a moderat adstriction, as be Ryce, hulled wheat, called Alica,* 1.69 and such other like mixing with them the yuices of pomegranates or peares. For flesh let him eat wild doues, turtles, and partriches, if they be boyled with veryuice, or yuice of soure grapes, or with Sumach. Also he must vse quinces, peares, restrictiue apples, medlers and mulberies and such like rehersed before in the chapter against bleeding at the nose. He must drincke thicke redd wyne, or in steed of it, water wherin steele is quenched. He must eschewe great noyses,* 1.70 often speaking, all mouing of the body, and anger. As for the cure it differeth according to the diuersitie of causes: for if the bloud come out of the head, it needeth but a simple and easie cure, for restrictiue things applyed cold to the palate of the mouth by collutions and gargarises do performe the cure. What thinges they be, you maye seeke in the beginning of this second Booke the first chapter. But if there do flowe much bloud from the head, then you must let him bloud on some vayne. Those which spit bloud through distillation,* 1.71 you must by and by in the beginning let him bloud on some veyne, vn∣lesse

a sharp humour doth distill vehemently. Also afterward minister a sharp clister, and empty the wombe, Also rubbe the handes, the armes, and the legges very much with a me∣dicine that will heat and extenuate, and bynd the outward partes. After that, if the disease endure longer, shaue the head, and applye therto a medicine which hath vertue to dry, and discusse (as is) that, which is made of the doung of wyld doues, and after three houres space, bring him into a bath, so that the head be annoynted with no fat thing. Afterward couer them meanely, and nourish them with soure soupinges. When they go to sleep, minister to them Theriaca. The next day all the whole body (the head being excepted only) being rub∣bed; kepe him in quyet: and againe at night minister to him Theriaca. And if through these the distillation be not stopped, then the third day in the morning minister a litle hony sod∣den, and rubbe all the body, and suffer him to rest. The fourth day, after the taking of the Theriaca, minister againe much hony, and lay to the head a medicine of doues dounge.* 1.72 And if the euill do endure longer, fasten a cupping glasse to the hinder part of the head. Last of al minister those things which are able to purge the humours that are flowen into the lounges. But if it be a very sharp humour, which distilleth out of the head, you must beware of bloud letting, and you must rather vse purgations, and you must vse the nourishmentes and reme∣dies hereafter declared, and also before in the chapter against distillations. They which do spitt bloud comming from the lounges, by reason of breaking of some veynes in it, or by brusting opē of ther heades, those you must first of al charge, least that they do breath much and make a noyse, and that they speake but litle, and in a maner not at all. Let them sitt in open ayer hauing a stedfast bed, and of a good height.* 1.73 For such you must by and by cutt the inner veyn of the arme: and you must draw blood twise or thrise a litle at once, for such haue no neede of much blood letting. Also for the same purpose (that is to saye) that the blood may be drawen another way, you must rubbe the extremities, and vse to bynde them harde with broadlinnen clothes. These soe done, you must minister to him a drincke, made of vi∣neger and water infused and warmed, and let him drincke it, so that if anie clodde of bloud doe cleaue one the fleshe, it may (being there by dissolued) be cast out,* 1.74 neither doeth anie thinge let, but that you may minister this potion twise or thrise in three houres. After those you may minister both within the bodie and without medicines, which be restrictiue, and haue power to stoppe the poores. For thinges taken inwardly it profiteth to eate purcelaine albeit that his iuice dronken is of more effect, the iuice of knotgrasse, sharp grapes,* 1.75 decocti∣on of sumach, galls, the shells of acornes, the roote of bremble, balaustia, seed of sorrel, the rootes of horsetaile and such like, which are declared in the chapiter against bleeding at the nose. But these are better and of more effect, then the aforesaid thinges (that is to say) terra lemnia beaten into very fine pouder, and ministred with the iuice of pomegarnettes, or of knottgrasse, or lapis hematitis at once. ℈.j. in the like iuice. Amonge compoundes you must vse this lohoch. ℞. of old conserue of roses,* 1.76 of roberibes. ana. ʒ.j. of diatragacanthum frig∣dium, and diacotoneon simplex. ana. ℥.ss. of the powders of corall, lapis hematitis and terra lē∣nia. ana. ℈.ij. bole armoniacke. ʒ.j. dragons bloud. ʒ.ss. pomgarnet floures. ʒ.j. frankensēce the roote of consolida maior. ana. ʒ.j.ss. sirupe of mirtells, as much as is sufficient to cōmixe them, & make an Ecligma. Afterward you must sprinckle the breast outwardlie with restri∣ctiue wine, & the oiles of roses, quinces, and myrtines. But if ther be much eruption of bloud (especially being sommer) and the spitting out there of comming without a coughe, and the sicke not being weake, but stronge and fleshie; then you may take vineger for wyne, and apply it to with sponges. It is good to put to the aforesaid oiles, bolearmoniacke, terra lemnia, corall, and such like, and to make an ointment there of with waxe. Also apply ther vnto a softe plaister made of dates, Acatia, the roote of consolida maior, the barckes of pom∣garnettes; and the meale of lintles. Also a cerate made of the meate of pomegarnettes, fran∣kensence, red coral, balaustia, bolearmony, terra lemnia, and such like is good of effecte. But you must specially take head, that by and by after the rupture of the vessels, it may grow together againe, before it take inflamacion: for if ther come inflamacion, before it be grow∣en together; ther is but litle hope of the conglutinacion of the wombe, for it keepeth it stret¦ched out many daies. For you must washe awaie aswell the matter, as the watery bloud out of the vlcer; after that the inflamacion is gone. But here the reader must be admonished, that

he take heede that he do not apply outwardlie against that place,* 1.77 where the bloud runneth out, nether restrictiue thinges nor cold thinges without restriction: vnlesse matter be first tur¦ned another way, & drawē from that place; for els it would dryue the bloud inward and stop the vaines full that be within. Therefore first alwaies you must drawe the bloud to the con∣trarie parte,* 1.78 and after that applie restrictiue thinges outwardlie. Those which spitt bloud through erosion and gnawing of sharp humours, you must first of all minister those thinges vnto them which haue vertue to purge sharpe humours, distilling into the lounges, such; as be spoken of before in the chapter of distillation. After that minister those thinges which can alter and make thicke the thinne and sharpe humours: and soe haue vertue to stop the distillation, as is sirupe of violettes, roses, mirtines, hidromalon, ininacotoueorum and such like. For the same purpose sometime minister sirupes of poppie & other somnoriferous me∣dicines. The distillation being ceased, you must restore the gnawen partes with meates of good iuice,* 1.79 and with medicines that doe engender fleashe. Moreouer they which vomit bloud must vse the same diet and cure, which is before rehearsed (that is) if the bloud flow from the liuer, cut the vaine on the arme. But if the bloud be caried from the splene, into the belie; cut the vaine on the left hand, which is betweene the litle finger, and the ringe finger, and minister to them restrictiue meates and drinckes, adding this to the cure, that they doe not take meate and drincke often: for they may easily be cured, if the remedies which be receiued in, be applied to those partes that sheade bloud. And for bloud congea∣led in the stomacke like a hillocke, let him drincke creame, and specially of a harte, or let it be auoided with sauery mixed with vineger or with aloē. Those, which spitt bloud from the palate of there mouth, they must gargarise with restrictiue thinges, and applie to the fore∣head, and to the head, those thinges which are applied vnto the nose, when it bledeth. Fur∣thermore to conclude, after that all thinges be done, and that the fluxe of bloud be stopped then the strength must be cherished and restored againe. And specially he must beware of the often vsing of bathes, of drincking of wine, of wrathe and of Venus.

CAP. XI. Of spitting of matter. DE EMPYEMATE.

* 1.80EMPIEMA In Greeke signifieth a mattery spitting. In latin it is called Suppuratio It is caused when an impostume, or botch being in the vpper skin of them which girdeth the ribbes inwardly, or els in some other vpper skinne of the breast, bro∣ken all at once, and is shedde and powred into the empty place of the breaste, which is between the lounges and the vpper skinne that girdeth in the ribbes. It is caused sometime through brasting out of bloud (an vlcer not being brought to his scarre, and per∣fect shutting vp). Also sometime through fluxe of the head, and other vpper partes falling thither,* 1.81 which it wont often to chaunge into the squinnancie. The signes be these, heauines is felt in the bottom of the breast, a strong cough and a drie without pain. And also some∣time with moistnesse, for the which they seeme to be eased. In the beginning there chaun∣ceth to them feauers faint, inordinat, and hard to be iudged. When the impostume draweth neere to a rupture, then they haue a feauer more vehement with quaking, and they are tro∣bled in there speeche. Being broken there appeareth somewhat to flowe into the breasts bottome, according to the often chaunging of there lying, and specially when they chāge¦ying from one side to an other, then surely the multitude of matter is euident, and often∣times a certain noise of the flowing may perfectly be heard when they turne them. Also the matter that commeth out is sometimes cleare, sometime thicke and dreggie. Some impo∣stumes doe brust out vpward, that is, vnto the voide place of the breast, and these be more perillous. Some impostumes doe flowe out downward vnto the paunche, & the bowells & also the blader. They alwaies labour of the feauer ethicke, vntill all thinges be brought out vpward. Those that be vexed with this desease of spitting of matter, let them remaine in a dry ayer,* 1.82 let them vse meates of good iuice easy to digest, brothes of cockes, the fleshe of

henns, chickens, birdes of mountaines. Also vse decoctions & brothes of cicers with herbs (as is) hisope, & parcely▪ let his drincke be aqua mulsa, and thinne white winne.* 1.83 For the cure in this disease, except diligent speede be made by and by, the gathering together of matter causeth the ptisicke, the lounges drawing vlceration. Therefore first you must helpe the con¦coction of the impostume with fomentes by sponges or bladders, with cataplasmes or em¦plaisters, made of the meales of barley, fenugreeke, and lyne seedes, of figges, doues doung mallowes, Althaea, and a litle rosen. Also you must apply to it cerates, made of butter, ireos laurell bearyes, rewe, and other thinges, which can ripe & dissolue the impostume, whereof thou shalt find many in the chapter of Asthma before, and if the euill be not dissolued, you must apply to it, thinges that will breake the botche. The breaking of the botch is procured by lying on the hole side eating of salt meates, and these pilles giuen vnto him, when he in∣tendeth to slepe. ℞. of the pouder of Hierapicrae Galeni. ℥.j. of the pulpe of Coloquintida. ℈.j with the iuyce of wormewood as much as is sufficient to commixe them, and make pilles, whereof let him hold one at once in his mouth. By this meanes it shall come to passe, that the sick shall couet to spit often, & so by ouermuch spitting the impostume may break. The rupture being made, you must take diligent heed, whether the matter runneth, for you must help his auoyding, for if it creepe into the belly, you must minister most of all mollifications. Yf it fall to the bladder, you must minister most those thinges which prouoke vryne. Yf the matter commeth out by a cough, then nothing is more meete to be ministred then ptisan, mixed with good hony. Also abstersiue and scouring thinges doe profit, which are partly declared in the chapter against the plurisie, and part of them shalbe spoken of in the next chapter. But you may commodiously commixe with ther meate, those thinges which pro∣uoke vryne, howsoeuer the matter intendeth to flowe. As for the purging and driuing out of the matter, aqua mulsa decoct with ireos, and muche lycorice is maruellous profitable. Moreouer the decoction of hysope, ireos, horehound and such like is good, wherof you may seeke more in the chapter of asthma. The rest that seemeth to be necessarie for the cure of this disease, shal be spoken of in the next chapter.

CAP. XII. Of the Ptisicke. DE TABE.

PTHISIS in Greek, Tabes in latin, It is properly an exulceration of the loungs, till there followeth spitting of bloud withall.* 1.84 It is caused for the moste part through a sharp & gnawing humour, flowing from the head into the lounges Also it is caused through the bloud and matter that remaineth, after the bru∣sting out of it in them that haue the pleurisie, the Peripneumonia, or Empyema.* 1.85 They which labour of this disease, they are knowen by wasting the whole bodie, and the fleshe. Also there nosethrilles be sharpe, there temples be sliden downe, there eyes be ho∣lowe, and there shoulders stick out like birdes winges. Moreower they cough, and be vexed with the feauer Ethicke, they breath difficultly, ther cheeke balls wexe swart, ther nailes do crooke and seem pale. Also the euil ouercomming, the belly is troubled, and thirst doth vex them more, their heere doth shedd, and that which they doe spitt out, is of a vehement stin∣king sauour. As for vlcers of the loungs, they are verie hard to be cured, because they can∣not be purged and cleansed without the cough, and in them that cough,* 1.86 the vlcer is broken and so the euill returneth as it were by a certaine circuit. Also the loungs among the other inward members, because of respiration and breathing, are alway in mouing, and also are rent with coughing. But the vlcers, which are to be healed, would require quiet and rest. Moreouer strength of the medicines cannot come to the vlcers, before it be altered in the stomake, and in the body, in the liuer. Neuerthelesse although causes before rehersed, make the cure to seeme hard, yet we may go about to cure that vlceration. Therefore in the beginning you must ascribe to those that be ptisicke a conuenient diet after this sort, Let him dwell in a dry ayer temperat betwen heate and coldnes, let ther meat be ptysan almōd

milcke, reere egges, flesh of the birdes of mountaines, of partriche, of phesants, of owsils, of black birdes, of hennes, of capons, of calues, of sucking kiddes. Also scalie fishes in stony waters, crabbes of the fresh riuer. But among all meates, milcke is best for them that be ptisicke, specially womans milke, after that asses milcke, & gootes milcke, which would he sucked out of the dugges, if it might be, or let it be drunke by and by after the milcking of it, while it is hote. But you must beware, that they take no meate by and by after their milcke, and specially no wine, for then it would be corrupted with it in the stomake. But if they be very much feuerous, specially of a rotē feuer, thē it is not good to take milke. Among fruites it is good to eat raysons, sweet almoundes, pyne nuttes, figges, dates, pis••ay. Let them eschew exercises and mouinges that be vehement. It is not vnprofitable to walke easilie before meate, and after meate, they must altogeather rest, let them vse to sleepe on nightes meanely. Let them esc••hw wrath and sadnes, vnmeasurable watchinges. Hunger, thirst, lecherie, hote houses, and whatsoeuer may emtie the body. Let his drinke be but small & thinne, or if his feuer be vehement, let him drinke water, wherein a litle cynnamon is sod∣den, or the drincke that is called Hippocras, whose making is declared in the first booke, in the chap. against the palsey. If the euill be caused through the flowing of a sharpe humour out of the head, you must begine the cure by remouing of the distillation, which we haue taught before, in his proper chapiter. Therfore now we will shewe the exulceration of the lounges,* 1.87 how it is to be cured. And first for the cure therof, we must minister those thinges which haue an abstersiue and scouring vertue, & that which will cause that the matter may easily be brought vpward, for the which purpose Hydromel is specially good. And also de∣coction of barely with sugar and hony, also decoctions of ireos, figes, maidenheare, hisope horehound and licorace. If there come a feauer, you may commixe with the aforesaid thin∣ges the four great cold sees. Outwardlie you must apply emplasters, and Cataplasmes made of line seed, fenugreeke and such like declared in the last chapter de Empiemate. Also for the same purpose you may seeke many remedies in the chapter against the Asthma. The loun∣ges being clensed and purged from matter: you must minister those medicines which will glutinate and heale vp the vlcer. For this purpose conserue of roses is commended almost of all Phisitions, for this hath not onely the vertue to glutinate, but also to clense and scour, but the newer it is, the more it scoureth, & the older it is the more it glutinateth. Also these are maruelous good, bolearmony, dragons bloud, ambre, corall, purcelain seede, and such like, which haue vertue to scour and ioine together. Also these thinges are good loch de pul∣mone vulpis, loch è pino, conserues of consolida maior, and maidenheare. Therefore of these you may make this compound medicinne. ℞, conserues of Consolida maior, and of maidenheare ana. ℥.ss. conserus of roses. ℥.j, loch è pulmone vulpis. ʒ.j.ss. loch è pino. ʒ.ij. pouder of Diatragā canthos hos frigidum. ʒ, iij. bolearmoniacke. ʒ.j.ss. sirupe of poppie as much as will suffice to com¦mix it,* 1.88 and make a loch. Also this pouder daily ministred causeth much ease. ℞. of the seds of white poppie. ʒ.ss. gumme arabick, Amylum, and gumme tragacant. ana. ʒ.j, ss. seedes of cucumbers, citrons gourds, melons, quinces. ana. ʒ.iij. burnt Iuory, iuice of licorace. ana. ʒ.j.ss. penidies,* 1.89 as much in weight as all the rest. Make a pouder, of the which minister daily e∣uerie morning. ʒ.ij with sirup of poppy or roses. Moreouer at that time, that the wounds be you must annoint the breast without, with oile of quinces, mirtelles or roses, adding there∣to sometime sumach, Hipocischidos, pomegarnet rindes, acatia, gales and such like. In the end the bodie being extenuat and wasted, it is good to restore with a conuenient diet vsing all those meats which be of good iuice, easy to digest, and nourish much, at which time also you may minister this medicine. ℞. of the pulpe of a capon. ℥.j. cockes stone, pine nuttes pistax,* 1.90 sweet almonds. ana. ℥.ss. of the pouder of the Antidoti de gēmis. ʒ.ss, pouder of Diarro don abbatis, dianthon, & arromaticum rosarum. ana. ℈.j. white saunders and cinamon. ana. ʒ.ss. maces. ℈.j. white suger of the finest. lb.j. dissolue, the suger in water of buglosse, and ro∣••es, and make lozenges, or an electuarie, of the which minister euery day.

CAP. XIII. Of panting of the hart. DE CORDIS PALPITATIONE.

PALPITATIO & tremor cordis in Latin, is in English panting and trembling of the heart, it is a corrupt motion of the heart, or a stretching out of it against nature. The new sort of Phisitions do wrongfullie call it Cardiaca. It is caused of all such things as do trouble and affect the heart aboue nature (as is) euerie distempure,* 1.91 or the multitude of an humor contayned in the outwarde skinne that goeth about the heart, or else of swelling contrarie to nature and such like. The disease is easily known by the wordes of the patient, who doth easily feele the beating and panting.* 1.92 And also you may know it by the pulse: for in a hote distempure there commeth a feuer, & the pulse is swift and great, in a cold distempure, the contrarie. If plentie of an humour con∣tayned in the vpper skinne of the heart do cause beating therof, then the pulse is soft and fe∣ble. The diet must be ordained diuerslie according to the diuersitie of causes: for in a hote distempure of the heart, the ayre ought to be meanly cold, but in a cold distempure it ought to be meanly warme: But vniuersally whatsoeuer the cause be,* 1.93 you must eschewe any thing that doth trouble or resolue the vitall spirites, (as be) ouermuch heate, anger, hunger, wat∣ching, lecherie, vnmeasurable cold, meate of euill iuice. If aboundance of any humour con∣tayned in the vpper skinne, that goeth about the heart, do engender panting of the hart: let his whole di•••• be extenuatiue, let their drinke in a hote distempure be thinne and small, or a iulep of violets or roses, or decoction of Buglosse. In a cold distempure they maie drinke pure wine, or other strong drinke. Those, that be vexed with beating of the hart caused of hote di∣stempure, they must haue remedy by cold medicins, which can correct the hote distempure,* 1.94 & adde strength to the heart. (As these be among simples) roses, violetts▪ flours of water lil∣lies, Saunders, Corall, Camphire, and such like. Among compounds be these, Diamargari∣ton frigidum, diarrodon abbatis, conserues of roses, of violetts, of Buglosse, and their plantes, iuices and syrupes. Therfore of the aforesaid things there may be made potions, electuaries, and lozengs as you thinke good. Outwardly appoint ointments and emplaisters, especially epithemes, sacculi and other like, whatsoeuer is able to alter the hote distempure of the liuer.* 1.95 And first among oyntmentes this is good, ℞. the oiles of roses, violets, and nimphea. ana. ʒ.ij. of red corall, & red saunders, & red roses, ana. ℈.j. Camphire, gr. ii. whit wax as much as is suf∣ficient, and make an ointment, wherewith annoint the region of the harte & the backebone. Amonge epithemes, let this be especially laid to the harte. ℞. the waters of roses, sorrell, and buglosse. ana. ℥.iij. water of baume. ℥.j. pouder of the cordiall medicine. ʒ.j. red saunders, red corall. ana. ʒ.ss. purcelaine. gr. iij. saffrron. gr. iiij. commixe all together & make an epitheme.* 1.96 Also amonge the sortes of drye bages this is best. ℞. floures of buglosse, violettes, red roses. ana. M.ss. all the saunders of eche. ʒ.j. red corall and white of eche. ʒ.j.ss. of pearles. ℈.j. being first poudred, put them in silke and make a Sacculus.* 1.97 But those that be aggreaued with a cold distempure of the harte to such among simple medicines, these be profitable (that is) ambre, muske, saffron, wood of aloes, storax, cloues, maces, zedoary, baulmes, and such like, among compoundes these are good: the electuary, plirisar ooticon, dianbar, dianthos, aroma∣ticum rosarum, and such like of the which may be made kindes of medicines, like as wee did against hote distempure of the harte. For ointementes may be made after this sorte. ℞. the oiles of lillies of spike, and of saffron, ana. ʒ.ij.ss. gallia moschata, cloues. ana. ℈.j. woode of aloes. ℈.ss. maces. ℈.j. saffron. gr. iij. waxe as much as is sufficient, make an ointment.* 1.98 Also you may make an epitheme thus. ℞. waters of balme, maioram, buglosse. ana. ℥.iiij. pouders of the electuares. diambar and diamosche; ana. ʒ.ss. maces, wood of aloes. ana. ℈.j. amber. gr. j. of the best wine. ℥.j. commixe them together, and make a epithema.* 1.99 An example of sac∣culus is thus. ℞. floures of balme, and buglose. ana. M.j.ss. chosen sinamon, cloues, maces. ana. ʒ.j. wood of aloes. ℈.j. barke of the citron apple. ʒ.j.ss. saffron. ℈.j. ambre. gr. j. braie all together, and make a sacculus of silcke to lay to the harte.* 1.100 And if there be panting of the harte, engendred throughe some humour contained in the vpper skinne that compasseth the harte: it must be cured (as galene witnesseth) with a diet which will extenuate, and by cutting of a vaine in the arme, Therefore you must cut the inner vaine of the arme, or the

middle veyne. And afterward one must minister and applie as well inwardly as outwardly, medicines, that haue vertue to extenuate and strength the harte by applying of ointments, and epithemes, and sacculi, and such like. Of the which thinges to make priuate exemples, wee thincke it in vaine, seeing it is easie to any man by examples now declared heere, and in other places, to make medicines for his purpose of whatsoeuer sorte he will.

CAP XIIII. Of swounding. DE SINCOPE.

SINCOPE is a swift falling of the strength (as Galen saith) it is caused through much excretion and auoyding of bloud or through vnmeasurable emptying of the belly,* 1.101 or vehement mouing, or through great paine, or much and oftē washinges. Also through aboundant swetts, and all other immoderate vacu∣ations, also feare, dread, and all such like perturbations of the mind. Moreo∣uer through abounding of crude & raw humours, through great inflāmaciō or through vicious and thinne humours, or els by taken breath in a stincking ayer. The sin∣cope is knowen by these tokens,* 1.102 the pulse is rare and obscure, the extreme partes, as the hād•• and feete be cold, swete about the face, the taking away of the brightnes of the skinne that is in it, and as it weare a palsey of the whole body. Moreouer to these ther commeth despe¦ration, vexation of the mind, & shaking of the body. And moreouer there chaunceth some∣time with the swounding of the harte,* 1.103 a vice (that is) when the harte is vehemently distem∣pured. Also sometime it chaunceth to the stomach (that is) when humours abounding or heaped together or crude, either els sharpe and gnawing be in it: that kind of sincope is cal∣led stomachica.* 1.104 They which fall in a swoun through plenty of raw humours contained in the mouth of the stomake, in such the sides are inflate and puffed vp, & the whole body seemeth to be of a greater bignes then it should naturallye be, also there colour chaungeth whyter then it was wont to do: and to conclude therbody is lyke to them that haue the dropsy; also to many ther colour waxeth swarter and blacker lyke lead, but the pulses of the senowes be least of all other, moreouer they be obscure and inequall. Those which are vexed with swoūding through aboundance of sharp humours, they feele continuall pulling, twitching and gnawing in the mouth of the stomacke. They which through thinne vices which doe swiftly exhalate and stye vp doe suffer swoūding, in them there face appeareth by and by as though it wer dead, there nose is sharp, there eyes be hollow, and such like. The other cau∣ses of Sincope are knowen by the talk of them that stand by without any great businesse. It is easie to know,* 1.105 that the cure must be diuerse, according to the diuersitie of the causes. If soū∣ding doth inuade one through excretion and auoiding of bloud, or through anye other vn∣measurable or suddain empteing, you must sprincle there face with cold things, or with rose water, which hath a maruelouse good effect in this case. The extreame parts of the bodie, must be bound vehementlie with bandes, and must be rubbed a litle with sharp linnen clo∣thes. If the empteing be vpward, you must rubbe the legges: if it be dounward, rubbe and bind the handes. Also cupping glasses are to be fastned lightly, diuersly, according to the places where the euacuations, or where the bloud brusteth out. Moreouer the mouth must be opened, by putting in your fingers, or a vedge, or some other thinge, but the passage of hearing, and of the noseterilles would be thrust togeather, that the aire that is breathed in, might stirre and comforte the spirits. Also it is good by and by for to consort the sprites with sundry odoraments. For as Hypocrates saieth in his booke de alimentis, there is nothing that calleth the strenght again sooner thē odoures. Therfore it is good to apply to the nose of the sicke, chikens rosted, and parted a sunder in the middest. Also roses, violettes, quinces citrons and such like be good. You must minister wine to him that is thinne, and alaied. Let the aire of the chamber be cold, but let not the chamber be verie full of light, let there coun∣ter pointes be taken away that ly vpon them, and let the couerings wherewith they be co∣uered be soft, and strew the floore with leaues of mirtells, vynes, okes, briers, and roses thē

selues, and sprinckle it with water.* 1.106 In vnmasurable swetes annoint the sweting partes with oile of mirtells, roses, ond quinces: but specially the necke, the breast, the places vnder the arme holes and the share. For this purpose also, it is good to annointe amilum, and pouders of frankensence, mixed with the white of an egge, and other restrictiue medicines. Also you must hold to his nose diuers odoraments, as roses, saunders, quinces, flours of water lillies, & campheir, but you may not then bind the extreme partes of the body.* 1.107 If sounding be cau∣sed through pain, you must diligentlie enquire the cause: for if it come of an outward cause, the ceasing of the paine cureth the swounding. But if the paine be caused of noe outward causet, hou must find out some inward cause which causeth paine, If fulnes with retching and stretching out do cause the payne by and by, if strength will suffer it, let him bloud on that veyne, that is nighest to the aggreued part, but if strength be feeble, then you must only pull it backe, or you must driue it vpward or downward or both wayes, or vse frictions. But whereas the paine is caused of vicious humours, you must rather purge it. If both the afore∣said causes come together, then you must vse euacuations both wayes: but bloud letting must first be vsed before any of them. Afterward if the corrupt humours be fastened, and do sticke fast in some only place, you must begin your cure with dissoluing and discussiue me∣dicines. As for curing of other paines, they may be sought in their owne proper chapters, and especially in the chapter against the cholicke. Those which do swound through great sorrowe, feare, and other perturbations of the mynd,* 1.108 they are fully cured by vsing of there contraryes. Nether let passe to minister vnto them that do swound for great sorrowe, odori∣ferous thinges, & other thinges, which being taken inwardly may comfort the spirits. They which be troubled with swounding through plenty of crude humours, they may nether suf∣fer letting of bloud nor purging; Therfore you must cure such by frictions. And you must by and by in the beginning of the euill begin, and you must rubbe the legges first from the vpper part, and so downward with linnen clothes not very softe, but somewhat sharpe: af∣terward likewise the armes from the shoulders to the fingers. And when all the arteries and veynes be sufficiently heat, and that ye doubt that some wearines will come to the senses through ouer much rubbing: you must vse oyle solutiue and loosing, as is oyle of dill, and chammomill, and you must beware especially of restrictiue thinges. And when thou haste annoynted the partes of the body, and rubbed them well, then you must come to the bone, and that you must likewise first rubbe with a linnen cloth, and then with oyle: from that you, must go againe to the legges, and then to the armes, and so againe to the backe, and so you must do all, and that in a bright chamber without moisture, whose ayre must be tem∣perat. Moreouer mulsa, wherein hysope is sodden is most meete for them; and you must beware that you minister not to them, nether meate, nor brothes, nor water, nor to suffer him to drincke liberally, but only mulsa the three first dayes, and to rubbe him by course conti∣nually, graunting him only but time to sleepe, which must be in a meane. But if there pulse be very small and feeble, or also besides that wonderfull inequall, you may know that there is extreme perill: but yet you must do as it is taught before, and go about none other thinge. But if the pulse be indifferently strong and great, and be not cut of, nor thrust together, then you must consider the state of the belly, and if it do not auoid ordure sufficiently of it selfe, you may poure in somwhat boldly beneath. For it chaunceth after the taking of aqua mulsa, that the superfluities which are wont to be gathered in the principal veynes (that is) they which be about the liuer, and the bowell which ioyneth with the midrife vnto the backe, by that thing, they are well cast out. And if a heape of superfluities do violentlye prouoke the belly aboue reason, first you must seeth your mulsa more higher, for so it doth make the belly lesse soluble, & it nourisheth more. After this, if the superfluities do discend more largely, the belly may not be stopped so, but you must minister for aqua mulsa, the iuyce of ptisan. And if they continew still to flow, nourish him with soupinges of alica, taking heed to the wor∣king of the pulses in the meane season: for sometime they are chaunged to imbecillitie, or vnequalnes or smalnes. At which time it is good to minister bread infused in wyne, & that, if nether the belly nor the liuer be troubled with an impostume; for if they be vexed with it,* 1.109 (the body being stuffed with crude and rawe iuyces) the sicke is desperate of al health. Ther∣fore in such a case, of the sicke, thou shewest thy selfe without blame, if thou say before that

he will dye, and vse no better medicines. But if there be at any time found aboundance of clammy humours, by and by minister Oximel in steed of mulsa. Therefore if it be Sommer, and the sicke vsed to cold potions, giue him the Oximel colde. but if it be winter, minister it hote. Also these thinges are verie euill for them, as well bathinges, as also the open ayer, as often,* 1.110 as it is ouer hote or ouer colde. But if thou art called to them, which be presently ve∣xed with swounding, where the belly and the liuer be without impostumation, thou shalt minister a litle bread, and that with some wyne, because it causeth swift distribution into other partes of the body, and thou shalt come straight to frictions and rubbinges, and thou shalt do according to the order before prescribed. Bu if it be Sommer, or the Region natu∣rally hote and burning, or the state of the heauen vehemently hote: thou shalt alay the wine with cold water, but if there be no such thing, with hote. But the drincke that shalbe giuen the second & third time, thou shalt minister it altogether hote. For in the whole cure, where we vse frictions, heate is best, as a helper of the concoction of crude humours. But to those which haue swounding caused of choler, which troubled the mouth of the stomake, to them you must minister cold potions. But yet it is good to minister to all that haue the syncope, wyne, that is hote by nature, yelowish in colour, thinne in substance, cold, and that which prouoketh distribution in the body: for we woulde haue the food that is receiued, to be di∣stributed about the body, and not to tary in the stomake. They that are vexed with swoun∣ding through vice of thinne humours,* 1.111 those you must empty by little & little, & continually, because that they cānot suffer much emptying at once, those also we must nourish by little and litle, and often, the outward part of the skin must be thickened: and you must make the ayer of the chamber cold and restrictiue. Also you must annoint them with restrictiue medi∣cines and oyntmentes. and you must giue them meates, that do not readilie disperse & flow: therfore giue nether aqua mulsa, nor ptisan, but bread and soupinges of alica, & soure fruictes, which will not easilie be corrupted. You shall also giue sometime to them egges, specially ther yolkes, for their whites be hard to digest. Moreouer the stones of cockes, which be nou∣rished with milke. Also swynes brayne, but let it ether be diligently rosted, or well sodden in water with leekes, and dill. To conclude you must labour by all meanes, that you maye make the substance of the iuices more thicke, and thicken the skin, and to stoppe the exha∣lations. Watery wyne is necessarie to them after meate in the beginning of sicknes. And if all follow your mynd, you may also after other thinges giue him nourishment by flesh, spe∣cially after the fourth day,* 1.112 (the iuices comming now to concoction.) If swounding come through vehement inflammation, the members and partes of the body are to be rubbed and nourished, and the handes and feete must be bound. You must commaūd him to watch, be∣cause the bloud in slepe crepeth to the inward members. You must driue them cleane from meat and drincke.* 1.113 Whosoeuer haue the syncope, through vicious humours gnawing the mouth of the stomake, they must be cured by prouoking of vomyt: or if that take no place to moue the belly, do other thinges which be expounded in the chapiter of paine in the sto∣make. They that begin to swound in a Bath, you must bring them quickly out, nor you may not moisten thē with much pouring in of water. They that be already in a swound, they must be caryed out very quickly, and the rest of the body must be couered with a light couering. Let the face be weat with a sponge, dipped in cold water, or sprincle it with rose water. Also the face, the stomach, the feete must be rubbed. Also the mouth must be opened by putting in of quilles or ones finger. And you must go about by all meanes that the humours that causeth the swounding, may be vomyted out, by pouring in of warme water in at the mouth. They that be of perfect age, pull of their heares, and the loud calling of one is profi∣table, but many at once is hurtfull.

CAP. XV. Of lacke of milke. DE LACTIS DEFECTV.

THE want of milke, doth chaunce through dry distempure of the pappes, or of the whole body. Also through small quantity of good bloud,* 1.114 or because the child is so weake, that he can not sucke well of the pappes: for looke, the more that he draweth out by sucking of thē the more draweth to thē again.* 1.115 The to∣kens whereby the diuersities of causes are knowē, are euidēt enough by things before spokē, but yet I will reherse thē again. A dry distempure is knowen by the disposition of the whole bodie, & by leannesse & drines of the body & pappes & such like. Smal quātity of good blood is knowen by the ill state of the body, and by the euill coloure of it. Also vn∣measurable euacuations comming out of the body before, (that is to say) by menstruis, by fluxes, by extreeme exercyses, by hunger, and such like. For the cure of lacking of milcke,* 1.116 which is caused of a drye distempure, we will teache nothing in this place. because it maye easilie be cured by that which is declared before in other chapters, and shall also be decla∣red afterward in the chapitre against the feauer Ethicke. Therfore here we will only treate of the cure of lacke of milcke, caused of the little quantity of good bloud.* 1.117 In this cure first you must behould the bloud: for ether there is lesse then ther ought to be, or it is worse then it should be. Therfore when there is lesse then there should be, a dyet must be assigned with moist and heat meanly, for whatsoeuer doth heate more then is conuenient,* 1.118 ether els do dry or coole those partly by corrupting the bloud that remaineth, and partly by diminishing of it, they do forbid the milke to come. Therefore it is good to giue them pure bread, milcke, veale, chickens, partriches, byrdes, rere egges, fishes scaly, & stony raysons, sweet almounds, lettuse, buglosse, baulme, gourdes, and such like. They must drincke wyne, that is thinne and watery, they must eschewe immoderate exercises, anger, sorrowe, and all thinge, that may deminishe the bloud. But if the bloud be worse, (as if it be cholericke) first purging of the cholericke humours is requisite, and then vse the dyet before prescribed, but if it be flegma∣ticke bloud, it requireth medicines that do heate in the first or second degree, but they may not dry vp, for such by heating of the flegmaticke humours do turne them into bloud: but among such the strongest be, which are not only medicines, but also nourishments, (as is) rockat, fennell, dill, percely, and those thinges greene before they be dryed for being dryed,* 1.119 they do heat, and dry more then they ought to do. And those thinges which doe drye, they make the humour which seedeth the bloud, the more grosse, and more small in quantity. The bloud ought to be meanely hote: & not grosse, that the milke may be engēdred therof. Moreouer those things that do meanly heate, and haue no great drynes ioyned with it, they haue vertue to engender milcke: among which beside those which are spoken of before, is Sesamum boyled in wyne. Also freshe butter, the weight of one once droncke with wyne. Also sweete almoundes, pistax, pyne nuttes beaten, and eaten with butter. Also this thing is specially praysed. ℞. Ryce, tenn times washed and dryed againe, & beate it to pouder, then seeth it in good milcke vpon burning coales, whyle it doth seethe, put to as much of white Sugar as is sufficiēt, & make a potage. It is made the better, if you adde to it sweet almounds, pistax, pyne nuttes, barely meale, cycers, & such like: but you must labour also, that by gentle rubbing of the breast, & by whote medicines, which haue ane attractiue vertue, the milke may be drawen, and entysed to the pappes.

CAP. XVI. Of aboundance of milke. DE LACTIS REDVNDANTIA.

IT chaunceth sometime that through aboundance of milke, the pappes are so filled and swollen, and so stretched out with it, that they are scarse able to hold the aboundance of it.* 1.120 It is caused through aboundance of good blood The euill is knowen by sight and feeling. You must help this by and by,* 1.121 for els it is to be feared; lest the pappes be taken with Inflammation. Therefore a•• the beginning cut the veine of the arme, or the middell veine which is in the arme.* 1.122 After that, vse those thinges, which doe lightly represse and driue backe, lest that the bloud be

thrust into the loungs by a certain violence. For this purpose it is good to apply a soft spōge dipped in warme Posca,* 1.123 and to bind it with bands to the pappes, or apply dates braied with bread & Posca. Also it is good to applie an emplaister made of oile of roses, of saunders, Co¦rianders, Psillium, purcelain, bean meale, lintels, iuice of plantain, and of vinigre after this sorte. ℞. of beane meale and of lintells. ana. ℥.j. seed of purcelain. ʒ.j. seedes of flaxe and Althaea. ana. ʒ.ij.ss. of plaintain. M.j. seede of Coriander. ʒ.ij. boile them altogeather in water, vntill it come to the thicknes of hony, after that, put to it oile of roses. ℥.j.ss. boile thē againe and add thereto the yolkes of two egges, and make an emplaister, or make a cerate after this sorte.* 1.124 ℞. of the oile of roses and mirtells. ana. ℥.j.ss. the meales of beanes and lin∣tels. ana. ʒ.j.ss. of mintes and rew. ana. ʒ.ss. with waxe,* 1.125 and venice turpenteine, as much as is sufficient, and make a cerate to apply to the pappes. Also wild rapes do profit maruelously being annointed with water and hony. Moreouer the leaues of cherua annointed with the iuice of greene parcely is very profitable. Moreouer the stone pyrites poudred and applied with oile of roses and vineger, doth show a maruelous effect against aboundance of milcke And let ther whole diet be such, that therby but litle bloud may be engendred. Therefore hunger in this euill aboue other things is maruelous good.

CAP XVII. Of milke that is curded. DE LACTE IN GRVMOS CONVERSO.

MANIE times the milke curdeth in the pappes, and turneth into the forme of cheese curdes.* 1.126 It is caused through aboundance of milke (that is) when it is kept long time together on heapes in the pappes, and is not sucked out. It is caused also of a hoate distempure, when that, through ouermuch heate, the thinne parte of the milcke is digested and dissolued, and the rest groweth to∣gether, and turneth into curdes. Also the like may chaunce of colde, which may cause milke to curde and congeale as well as other licours. Also sometime milcke of his owne nature is grosse and clammy inough, and for that cause doth easily turne to curdes. There neede noe tokens to know this euill:* 1.127 for it is knowen by & by, both by touching and by the patientes wordes.* 1.128 The diet in this euill is diuerse according to the diuersities of causes. For in a hoate distempure of the pappes, let the diet decline to cold thinges, but in a cold distempure con∣trariwise to hoate thinges. If this euill come through grossenes of the milke, shee must vse altogether an extenuate diet.* 1.129 For the cure, if ther be aboundance of milke, not being as yet curded in the pappes in them that be of lawfull age, and being skilfull women, let it be easi∣ly sucked out by litle and litle. Let the pappes be outwardly annointed with iuice of grene parcely, mintes, fenugreeke, & other thinges rehearsed before in the chaptre of aboundance of milcke. Also the creame of a hare beaten with water, if it be annointed, is good against all swellinges of the pappes, specially caused of the corrupt aboundaunce of milcke. Also lin∣tels sodden in bryne is maruelous good, if the pappes be washed with the decoction, and an¦nointed with the lintles being stamped. Also the decoction of fenugreeke and althaea doth great pleasure. But if ouermuch heate doeth cause the milcke to curd in the pappes: then an∣noint them with iuice of purcelaine, and gardeyn nightshade. Also apply oyle of roses with vinegre. Also mouseare annointed is of good effect. Also the earth called cimolia annointed with vinegre or with water and oile of roses doth good. Moreouer lintels sodden in vinegre and applied as is aforesaid, against cold distempure of the pappes. Vse decoctions of cham¦momill, fennell, dill, line seede, and fenugreeke, and there with foment the pappes. Also annoint them with oiles of chammomill, dill, lillies, and such like, but beware they touch not the nipple. Oxes gall annointed is good. Crummes of bread are good with vinegre an∣nointed, But you may put to it mintes or parcely, and make the medicine the stronger. This plaster is excellent good. ℞. of hony. ℥.ss. of storax calamitae. ʒ.iij. of oxes gall. ʒ.ij. of oile of chammomill. ℥.ij. mirrhe and frankensence, ana. ℥.ij.ss. commixe them together, and make an emplaister to lay on the pappes.

CAP. XVIII. Of inflammacion of the pappes. DE INFLAMMATIONE MAMMARVM.

IT is caused sometime, (as other inflammations be) of plenty of hote bloud flowing to the pappes.* 1.130 Also sometime through milke (that is) when it turneth to suppuration and matter. The aforesaid causes are easie to discerne a sun∣der: For the first cause of inflammation chaunceth to them that be not with child, nor brought in bed: the other cause chaunceth only to such. For the cure in the first cause you must see bloud drawen from the inward veyne of the arme,* 1.131 or the middle veyne on the same side, vnlesse the menstruis be stopped: for then it were better to cut the veyne of the hamme or anckle. After this you must come to restrictiue medicines,* 1.132 which may not be strong, lest that the humours doe violently thrust inwardly to the noble partes of the body, or els you may mixe with them some discussiue thinges. Therefore for that purpose it is very good to take oyle of roses, with the iuice or water af nightshade vine∣ger, and the decoction of chammomill. In this dippe and wett linnen cloathes, and applye it to the pappes. Also an emplaister made of Barely meale, lyne sead, Saunders, Bolearmo∣niake, greace and oyle of roses are good.* 1.133 And if the Phisition doeth see that repercussiue medicines do not much good, he must straight proceed to my Booke of the cure of impo∣stumes in the Breastes. But if inflammation be caused of curded milke, in the beginning you must apply a soft sponge dipped in warme posca, and bind it to it. Also apply dates brayd with bread and posca. Also apply crummes of bread with mirrhe, saffron, and mintes, and such like. But if the inflammation endure still, pro∣ceed to the chapter of impostumes in the breastes, as hereafter shall proceede.

Libri Secundi Finis.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Gurgulio
• * 1.2

  Signa.
• * 1.3

  Victus ratio▪
• * 1.4

  Curatio. Venae sectio.
• * 1.5

  Cuturhi••ulae.
• * 1.6

  Gargarismus.
• * 1.7

  Alia.
• * 1.8

  Gargarismus.
• * 1.9

  Causae.
• * 1.10

  Signa.
• * 1.11

  Victus ratio·
• * 1.12

  Curatio.
• * 1.13

  Venesecti••.
• * 1.14

  Signes of sup∣puration.
• * 1.15

  Causae.
• * 1.16

  Signa.
• * 1.17

  Curatio.
• * 1.18

  Gargarisme
• * 1.19

  Gen. 4.
• * 1.20

  Causae. Signa.
• * 1.21

  Curatio.
• * 1.22

  Venae 〈…〉〈…〉 sectio
• * 1.23

  Venerum lin∣gue sect••o. ••••y••ier.
• * 1.24

  Con••urbi••••••••.
• * 1.25

  Aue••sio 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.26

  Gargarismus.
• * 1.27

  Cataplasma••a.
• * 1.28

  Po••us.
• * 1.29

  Cibus.
• * 1.30

  Causae.
• * 1.31

  Signa.
• * 1.32

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.33

  Cure of the cough caused of cold distem∣pure.
• * 1.34

  Cure of the cough caused of thinne and sharp humours
• * 1.35

  Ecligma.
• * 1.36

  Cure of the cough caused of grosse and viscous hu∣mours. Decoctio.
• * 1.37

  Purgatio.
• * 1.38

  Infusio agari∣ci.
• * 1.39

  Ecligma.
• * 1.40

  Vnguentum.
• * 1.41

  Causae.
• * 1.42

  Signa.
• * 1.43

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.44

  Curatio.
• * 1.45

  Note.
• * 1.46

  Clyster.
• * 1.47

  Vnguentum.
• * 1.48

  Rubefacientia
• * 1.49

  Cure of Abse∣••••us.
• * 1.50

  Causae.
• * 1.51

  Signa.
• * 1.52

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.53

  Curatio.
• * 1.54

  Ven•• sectio.
• * 1.55

  Cl••s••er.
• * 1.56

  Sacculi.
• * 1.57

  Empl••sirum.
• * 1.58

  Concurbi••••lae.
• * 1.59

  Vnguentum.
• * 1.60

  Causae.
• * 1.61

  Signa.
• * 1.62

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.63

  Curatio.
• * 1.64

  Venae sectio.
• * 1.65

  Causae.
• * 1.66

  Externae.
• * 1.67

  Internae.
• * 1.68

  Signa.
• * 1.69

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.70

  Curatio.
• * 1.71

  Venae sectio.
• * 1.72

  Concurbi••ula.
• * 1.73

  Cure of 〈…〉〈…〉
• * 1.74

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.75

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.76

  Ecligma.
• * 1.77

  Note.
• * 1.78

  Cure of spit∣ting of bloud caused of sharp humours
• * 1.79

  Cure of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 bloud.
• * 1.80

  Causae.
• * 1.81

  Signa.
• * 1.82

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.83

  Curatio.
• * 1.84

  Causae.
• * 1.85

  Signa.
• * 1.86

  Looke Hippo∣crates in his apharip••e .5. the 14. & the 13. & the 11 These causes why the cura is hard.
• * 1.87

  Curatio.
• * 1.88

  Ecl••gma.
• * 1.89

  Puluis.
• * 1.90

  Morsuli re∣fectori••.
• * 1.91

  Causae.
• * 1.92

  Signa.
• * 1.93

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.94

  Cure of 〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.95

  Vnguentum.
• * 1.96

  Epithema.
• * 1.97

  Sacculus. Cure of distem¦pure of the heart caused throughe cold mak••ng it to beate & pa••••e. Vnguentum.
• * 1.98

  Epithemae.
• * 1.99

  Sacculus.
• * 1.100

  Cure of pan∣ting of the hart caused of an humour.
• * 1.101

  Causae.
• * 1.102

  Signa.
• * 1.103

  Syncope c••r∣d••.
• * 1.104

  Syncope sto∣machica.
• * 1.105

  Cure of swoun¦ding throughe vnmeasura∣ble emptying.
• * 1.106

  S••oppers of great sweties.
• * 1.107

  Cure of swoun¦ding caused of paine.
• * 1.108

  Cure of swoun¦ding by affe∣ctions of the mynd.

  Cure of swoun¦ding throughe aboundance of crude hu∣mours.
• * 1.109

  P••leg••e••.
• * 1.110

  Cure of swoun¦ding now pre∣sent.

  Phleg••••••.
• * 1.111

  Cure of syn∣cope caused of thinne hu∣mours.
• * 1.112

  Cure of swoun¦ding throughe inflammation.
• * 1.113

  Cure of swoun¦ding throughe humours in the stomake.
• * 1.114

  Causae.
• * 1.115

  Signa.
• * 1.116

  Cure of lacke of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in a dis••empure.
• * 1.117

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.118

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.119

  Euill bloud.
• * 1.120

  Causae.
• * 1.121

  Signa.
• * 1.122

  Curatio.
• * 1.123

  Posca is vin∣eger and wa∣ter mixed to∣gether and wyne & water
• * 1.124

  Emplastrum.
• * 1.125

  Cera••••••.
• * 1.126

  Causae.
• * 1.127

  Signa.
• * 1.128

  Victus ratio.
• * 1.129

  Curatio.
• * 1.130

  Causae.
• * 1.131

  Curatio.
• * 1.132

  Venae sectio.
• * 1.133

  Emplastrum.