A defence of the Apologie of the Churche of Englande conteininge an answeare to a certaine booke lately set foorthe by M. Hardinge, and entituled, A confutation of &c. By Iohn Iewel Bishop of Sarisburie.

The Apologie, Cap. 14. Diuision. 6.

The Emperoure Iustinian made a Lawe to correcte the behaue∣our of the Cleregie, & to cutte shorte the insolente lewdenesse of the Priestes. And, albeit hee were a Christian, and a Catholique Prince, yet putte hee downe from theire Papal Throne, twoo Popes, Sylue∣rius, and Vigilius, notwithstandinge they were Peters Successours, and Christes Vicars.

M. Hardinge.

Iustinians lawe concerninge good order to be kepte amonge Priestes morally was good, and bound them by the force of reason. If he made any other Lawe touchinge matters of Religion, Pope Io∣annes then beinge, approued it, or at the leste, Iustinian‡ asked approbation thereof,‡ as it maie ap∣peare in his owne Epistle, wherein he confesseth in the facte it selfe, that his Lawes coulde not binde in supernatural causes belonginge to faithe, except the heade of the Vniuersal Churche confirme them. Syluerius and Vigilius were deposed rather by Theodora the Emperesse, then by Iustinian the Empe∣roure. Ye do wronge to impute that wicked tyrannie vnto him. He is not to be burthened there with, onlesse the man be countable for his wiues iniquities.

Howe so euer it was, that extraordinary violence and tyrannie can not iustly be alleaged to the defence of your false assertion. Neither woulde your selfe haue mentioned the same, if ye coulde haue founde better matter. As hungrie Dogges eate durty puddinges, accordinge to the prouerbe, cleane yenough for sutche vncleane writers, so your fowle matters be defended by fowle factes.

The B. of Sarisburie.

Iustinian, yée saie, might wel make somme Moral Lawe, to keepe Priestes, and Bishoppes in good order. Wherein neuerthelesse Pope Paule. 3. condemneth you vtterly: For thus he writeth, and reasoneth substantially against the Emperoure Charles the Fifthe: Ecce ego super Pastores meos: Beholde, saithe Almighty God, I mee selfe wil ouersee my Sheepheardes: Ergo, saithe Pope Paulus, The Emperoure maie not deale with the manners of Priestes, and Bishoppes.

How be it, the Emperours made Lavves, Touchinge the Holy Trinitie: Touchinge the Faithe: Touchinge Baptisme: Touchinge the Holy Communion: Touchinge the Publique Praiers: Touchinge the Scriptures: Touchinge the keepinge of Holy daies: Touchinge Churches, & Chaples: Touchinge the Con∣secration of Bishoppes: Touchinge Non Residences: Touchinge Periurie, &c. It were mutche for you, M. Hardinge, to saie, as nowe yée woulde séeme to saie, Al these were Moral Lawes, and perteined onely to good order. But the Pope, yee saie, allowed the Emperours Ecclesiastical Lawes: Otherwise, of the Emperours owne Authoritie, they had no force. The truthe hereof, by the Particulares, maie soone appeare.

By one of the Emperours Lavves it is prouided, That the Bishop of Con∣stantinople shal haue Equal Povver, and Prerogatiue with the Bishop of Rome. This Lavve the Pope coulde neuer brooke. And yet that notwithstandinge, Li∣beratus saithe, It holdeth stil by the Emperours Authoritie, whether the Pope wil, or no: Againe, it is prouided in the same Lavve, that the Churches of Il∣lyricum, in their doubteful cases, shal appeale to Constantinople, & not to Rome:

The Emperoure Constantine saithe, If the Bishop moue trouble (by Doctrine, or otherwise,) by my hande he shalbe pounished: For my hande is the hande of Goddes Minister:

Iustinian the Emperoure in his Lavve commaundeth, That the Prieste, or Bi∣shop in pronouncinge the Publique Praiers, and in the Ministration of the Sacramentes, lifte vp his voice, and speake alowde, that the people maie saie, Amen, and be sturred to more Deuotion: Againe, he saithe, as it is noted in the Glose vpon the Authentiques, Papa Temporalibus immiscere se non debet: The Pope maie not intermeddle with Tem∣poral Causes:

In the same Lawes, the same Emperoure Iustinian saithe, Wee Commounde the moste Holy Archebishoppes, and Patriarkes, of Rome, of Constantinople, of Alexan∣dria, of Antioche, and of Hierusalem: The same Emperoure Iustinian commaun∣deth, That al Monkes, either be driuen to studie the Scriptures, or els be forced to Bodily Laboure: Carolus Magnus made a Lavve, That nothinge shoulde be readde open∣ly in the Churche, sauinge onely the Canonical Bookes of the Holy Scriptures: And that the Faitheful People shoulde receiue the Holy Communion euery Sonnedaie. I leaue the re∣hearsal of infinite other like Examples.

Nowe, M. Hardinge, wil you saie, or maie wee beleue, that al these, and other like Lavves were allowed by the Pope?

In déede your Gloser saithe, Ad quid intromittit se Imperator de Spiritualibus, vel Ecclesiasticis, cùm sciat ad se non pertinere? VVherefore doothe the Emperoure thus busie him selfe with these Spiritual, or Ecclesiastical maters, seeinge he knoweth, they are no parte of his Charge? To so profounde a question, after a longe solemne studie, he diuiseth this answeare: Dic, quòd Authoritate Papae hoc facit: Scie thou, that he doothe it by the Popes Authoritie: And then the whole mater is discharged, and al is wel.

Notwithstandinge, somme likelihoode hereof yee would seeme to geather, euen out of Iustinians owne woordes. For thus he saithe vnto the Pope, although far otherwise, then you haue forced him to saie: Omnia, quae ad Ecclesiarum statum per∣tinent,

festinauimus ad notitiam deferre Vestrae Sanctitatis. Necessarium ducimus, vt ad notitiam Vestrae Sanctitatis peruenirent. Nec enim patimur, quicquam, quod ad Ecclesiarum Statum pertinet, vt non etiam Vestrae innotescat Sanctitati: quae Caput est omnium Sanctarum Ecclesiarum: What so euer thinges perteine to the state of the Churches, wee haue spedily brought to the knowledge of your Holinesse. VVee thought it necessarie, that your Holinesse should haue knowledge thereof. VVe suffer not any thing, that concerneth the State of the Churches, but it be brought to the knowledge of your Holinesse: whiche is the Heade, or Chiefe of al the Holy Churches.

The Emperoure willeth the Pope, to take knowledge of his Lavves, for that he was the Chiefe of the Foure Principal Patriarkes, and, in respecte of his See, the greatest Bishop of al the Worlde: for whiche cause also he calleth him, the Heade, or Chiefe of al Churches. So Iustinian saithe, Roma est Caput Or∣bis Terrarum: Rome is the Heade of al the VVorlde. So S. Chrysostome saithe, Caput Prophetarum Elias: Elias, the Heade of the Prophetes. So saithe Pru∣dentius, Sancta Bethlem Caput est Orbis: The Holy towne of Bethlem is the Heade of the VVorlde.

So Nazianzene calleth S. Basile, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Oculum Or∣bis Terrarum: The Eie of al the Earthe. So Iustinian calleth the Bishop of Constan∣tinople, an Vniuersal Patriarke: Epiphanio Vniuersali Patriarchae.

These, and other like woordes, passe oftentimes in fauoure, as Titles of Ho∣noure. But they importe not alwaies that Vniuersal Gouernemente, or Infinite Authoritie, that the Pope sithence hath imagined. But, touchinge the Confir∣mation, and allowance of the Emperours Lavves, in these woordes of Iustinian yee finde nothinge: Onlesse yee wil saie, Notitia, is Latine for, Allovvance: or, Peruenire, is Latine to Confirme.

The Emperours pourpose was, as it plainely appeareth by his woordes, by these, & al other meanes, to bringe the See of Rome into credite. For thus he saith, Properamus, Honorem, & Authoritatem Crescere Sedis Vestrae: Omnes Sacerdotes Vniuersi Orientalis Tractus, & subijcere, & vnire Sedi Vestrae Sanctitatis properauimus. Plus ita Vestrae Sedis crescer Authoritas: VVe laboure, to auance the Honoure, and Authoritie of your See: VVee laboure to subdewe, and to ioine al the Priestes of y^e Easte Parte vnto the See of your Holinesse. Thus shal the Authoritie of your See the more encrease.

Notwithstandinge, it is noted by the Learned of your owne side, that these Epistles bitweene the Emperoure, & the Pope, in the Oldest Allovved Bookes are not founde: and therefore are suspected to sauoure of somme Romaine forgerie. Hereby it is easy to vnderstande, that vntil the time of the Emperoure Iustinian, which was welneare six hundred yeeres after Christe, the Bishoppes of the Easte Churche were not subiecte to the Bishop of Rome: and, that for so longe time, the Pope was not yet knowen for the Heade of the Vniuersal Churche of God.

One of your owne Allowed Doctours saithe thus, Dicere, quo'd Princeps non po∣test facere Leges, vel eis vti, quousque fuerint approbatae per Papam, falsum est: To saie, that the Prince cannot, either make, or vse his Lawes, before the Pope haue allowed them, it is plainely false.

Abbate Panormitane, to qualifie the mater, saithe thus, Lex Principis Prae∣iudicialis Ecclesijs, non extenditur ad Ecclesias, nisi expressè approbetur per Papam: Sed, si fauet Ecclesijs, intelligitur approbata, nisi expressè reprobetur: The Princes Lawe, if it be Preiudicial, or hurteful to the Churche, is not extended vnto the Churche, onlesse it be expressely allowed by the Pope: But if it be profitable for the Churche, wee muste thinke, it is allowed, onlesse it be expressely disallowed.

But here, M. Hardinge, this one thinge yee maie note by the waie: that, not∣withstandinge you cannot finde, by any shifte, or coloure, whereof ye lacke no

stoare, that the Pope hath Authoritie to allovve the Emperours Lavves: yet, of the other side, wee are hable readily to finde, that the Emperoure hath Autho∣ritie to allovve the Popes Lavves. For so the Emperoure Iustinian him selfe saithe: A praecedentibus nos Imperatoribus, & à nobis ipsis rectè dictum est, Oporte∣re Sacras Regulas pro Legibus valere: It is wel saide, bothe by other Emperours our Predecessours, and also by vs, that the Holy Canons muste be holden for Lawes.

Likewise saithe Pope Honorius. 3. Imperator Iustinianus decreuit, vt Ca∣nones Patrum vim Legum habere oporteat: The Emperoure Iustinian hath de∣creed, that the Canons of the Fathers shal haue the force of Lawes.

But, what can be so plaine, as that Iustinian hereof writeth him selfe? These be his woordes: Nisi intra praescriptum tempus ad Ecclesias suas redeant, depo∣nantur, & alij in illorum locum surrogentur, id{que} Authoritate, & vi huius Prae∣sentis Legis: Onlesse Bishoppes, and Priestes, repaire againe vnto their Churches by a daie appointed, let them be depriued from their liuinges, and let others be placed in their roumes, (not by the Authoritie of the Pope, but) by the force, and Authoritie of this Presente Lavve. So saithe S. Augustine, Reges in Terris seruiunt Christo, fa∣ciendo Leges pro Christo: Kinges in the worlde serue Christe, in that they make Lawes for Christe. Likewise saithe Iustinian, Legum Authoritas & Diuinas, & Hu∣manas res bene disponit: By the Authoritie of the (Emperours) Lawes bothe Hea∣uenly, and worldly thinges are wel ordered. And againe, Nullum genus rerum est, quod non sit penitùs quaerendum Authoritate Imperatoris. Is enim re∣cipit à Deo communem gubernationem, & Principalitatem super omnes ho∣mines: There is no kinde of thinge, but it maie be thorowly examined by the Authoritie of the Emperoure. For he receiueth from God a General Gouernemente, and Principalitie ouer al menne: that is, as wel of the Cleregie, eas of the Laitie.

So saithe Paulus the Bishop of Apamea vnto the same Emperoure Iustinian, vpon the deathe of Agapetus the Bishop of Rome: Transtulit ipsum Dominus, vt Plenitudinem directionis Vestrae custodiret Serenitati: Our Lorde hath taken the Pope a∣waie, that he mighte reserue the whole f••lnesse of order vnto your Maiestie.

Touchinge the Depriuation of the twoo Popes, Syluerius, and Vigilius, yee saie, It was donne onely by Theodora the Empresse, and not by the Emperoure Iustinian: and therein, yee thinke, yée haue taken vs in somme greate aduantage. Notwithstandinge in your owne Pontifical it is written thus, Belisarium inter∣rogauit Imperator, quomodò se haberet cum Romanis: vel quomodò in loco Syluerij sta∣tuisset Vigilium. Tunc gratias ei egerunt Imperator, & Augusta: The Empe∣roure demaunded of his Captaine Belisarius, howe he had donne with the Romaines: and howe he had deposed Pope Syluerius, and placed Vigilius in his steede. Vpon his answeare, bothe the Emperoure, and the Empresse gaue him thankes. Nowe yee knowe, it is a Rule in Lavve, Ratihabitio retrotrahitur, & mandato compa∣ratur: The Allovvance of a thinge donne, is as good, as a Commission for the dooinge.

Somme of your Frendes haue saide, Totus Mundus non potest Depone∣re, aut Iudicare Papam: The whole worlde cannot Depose, or Iudge the Pope. Yet Eutropius saithe, Si quando Imperialis Legatus mitteretur à Principe, vt Ro∣manus Pontifex proficisceretur Constantinopolim ad Imperatorem, omni ne∣glecta occasione, ibat: etiamsi pro certo sciret, se iturum in exilium: If the Emperours Em∣bassadoure had cōmaunded y^e Bishop of Rome to appeare at Constantinople before the Emperoure, he wente streight waie without excuse: Yea, although he certainely knevve, that he shoulde be bannished. Here I leaue sundrie Examples of Emperours, that by their Authoritie haue Deposed, not onely other Bishoppes, but also Popes: As the Example of Honorius, that Deposed Pope Bonifacius: Of Theodoricus, that Deposed Pope Symmachus: Of Otho, that Deposed Pope

Iohn, 12: Of Henrie, that Deposed Pope Benedictus. 9. and that, as it is recor∣ded, not by wilful might, or Tyrannie, but, Imperiali, & Canonica Censura: By his Emperial, and by y^e Canonical Censures. Yea, one of your owne Frendes saith thus: Populus commendabiliter Zelo Fidei commotus, Constantinum Papam, qui erat Eccle∣siae in scandalum, priuauit oculis, & Deposuit: The people of Rome, moued with the Zele of Faithe, tooke Pope Constantine, and pulled out his eies, and Deposed him, for that he was sclaunderous vnto the Churche: and they deserued greate Praise for the same.

How be it, yée saie, these twoo Popes, Syluerius, and Vigilius were Good Menne, and Godly Fathers: and therefore the remouinge of them was Vio∣lence, and Tyrannie. And hereto yee apply the vnsauerie Similitude of your Homely Puddinges. Notwithstandinge, what Vertue, or Holinesse was in either of these menne, it maie soone appeare by the storie. Pope Syluerius was chosen Pope by Corruption, and Simonie, contrarie to the wil of the Cleregie: Pope Vigilius accused him of Treason, for that he woulde haue betraied the Cittie of Rome to the Gotthians. As for Pope Vigilius, youre Pontifical saithe, He was a False Witnesse againste his Predecessoure, Pope Syluerius: He sought vndewe meanes to remoue him, and to place him selfe: He keapte him in Prison, and sterued him for hunger: He gaue a greate somme of monie to pro∣cure the Popedome to him selfe: He killed his owne Notarie: He killed a yonge man, beinge a Widowes Sonne: And of these crimes he was accused before the Emperoure. Sutche Vertue, and sutche Holinesse the worlde founde in them. Therefore the Godly Emperoure in remouinge of them, vsed neither Extraor∣dinarie Violence, as you saie, nor Iniurious Tyrannie.

Your owne felowes saie, Si Papa sit incorrigibilis, nec Cardinales possint per se amouere scandalum de Ecclesia, tunc in subsidium iuris, deberent supplicando inuocare Brachium Saeculare. Et tunc Imperator, requisitus à Cardinalibus, de∣beret procedere contra Papam: If the Pope be vncorrigible, and the Cardinalles be not hable of them selues to remoue the offense from the Churche, then ought they, for aide of the Lawe, by waie of intreatie, to calle vpon the Seculare Power. And then the Emperoure, beinge thus desired, ought to proceede orderly againste the Pope.

Franciscus Zarabella saithe, as he is alleged before, Papa potest accusari coram Imperatore, de quolibet crimine notorio: Et Imperator requirere po∣test à Papa rationem Fidei: The Pope in any notorious crime maie be accused before the Emperoure: And the Emperoure maie require the Pope, to yelde a reckeninge of his Faithe.

Notes

• ‡

  Vntruthe. For he did but con∣ferre vvith the Pope, touching his Lavves. Tou∣chinge the as∣kinge of allovv∣ance, ther appea∣reth nothinge.
• ‡

  Vntruthe. For he did but con∣ferre vvith the Pope, touching his Lavves. Tou∣chinge the as∣kinge of allovv∣ance, ther appea∣reth nothinge.
• Vntruthe. For it vvas no tyran∣nie, but iuste Iudgement. And Iustinian gaue Belisarius greate thankes for so dooinge.
• Vntruthe. For it vvas no tyran∣nie, but iuste Iudgement. And Iustinian gaue Belisarius greate thankes for so dooinge.
• The Prince maie deale in Ecclesi∣astical cau∣ses.
• Ezechiel. 34. Paulus 3. in E∣pistola ad Ca∣rol. 5.
• Cod. De Sacro∣sanct. Ecclesijs. Omni innouae∣tione.
• Liberatus, Ca. 13. Imperatoris Pa∣trocinio.
• Cod. De Sacro∣sanct. Ecclesiis. Omni innoua∣tione.
• Theodoret. Li. 1. Cap. 20. Ministri Dei, hoc est, mea manis, coercebi∣tur.
• Authen. Titul. 123.
• Authen. Colla. 1. Quomodo opor∣teat Episcopos.
• Authen. Colla. 9. Titu. 15. De San∣ctiss. Episcopis. Iubemus Bea∣tissimos Archi∣episcopos, Senio∣ris Romae, &c.
• Authen. Tit. 133. Ansigisus Lib. 1. Cap. 19.
• Carolus Magnus Lib. 6. Cap. 162. Authen. Colla. 1. Titu. 6. Quomo∣do oporteat.
• Gloss. in ver∣bu•• Sanc••mus.
• Cod. De Summa Trinita. & Fide Catho. Inter Claras.
• Cod. De Veteri Iure Enucleando. Chrysostom. ad Romanos. Homi. 18.
• Prudentius in Enchiridio.
• Nazianzenus in Epist. ad Basili.
• Authen. Colla. 1. Vt determina∣tus.
• Cod. De summa Trinita. & Fide Cath. Inter Cla∣ras.
• Gregor. Haloan∣der, Et Azo.
• Heruae. De Po∣test. Papae. Ca. 17.
• Extra. De Con∣stituti. Ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae. Numero 9.
• Authen. Colla. 1. Quomodo opor∣teat.
• Extra, De Iura∣men. Calum. In∣haerentes.
• Authen. De Ec∣cles. diuersis Ca∣pitulis.
• 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. August. Epist. 48. Cod. De veteri Iure Enuclean. L. 1.
• Authen. Titu. 133 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• Concil Constan∣tinop. 5. Actio∣ne. 1.
• Concil. Tomo. 2. in vita Vigilij.
• ff. In Regulis Iuris.
• Petrus De Pa∣lud. De Potesta. Papae, Arti. 4. Eutropij appen∣dix, De Sylue∣rio.
• Ennodius: Inter Decreta Boni∣facij. 1.
• Iohannes De Pa∣risijs, De Potest. Regia, & Pa∣pali.
• Idem, eodem Io∣co.
• Concil. Tom. 2. In Syluerio. Euagrius, Lib. 4. Cap. 19.
• Heruaeus, De Po∣test. Papae. Ca. 13.
• Franc. Zarabella De Schemate, & Concilio.