The firste [laste] volume of the chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande conteyning the description and chronicles of England, from the first inhabiting vnto the conquest : the description and chronicles of Scotland, from the first original of the Scottes nation till the yeare of our Lorde 1571 : the description and chronicles of Yrelande, likewise from the first originall of that nation untill the yeare 1571 / faithfully gathered and set forth by Raphaell Holinshed.

Queene Marie.

[illustration]

[ 10]

MArie eldest daugh∣ter of King Hen∣rie the eyght, by the Ladie Katherine of Spayne, his firste wife, and sister vn∣to King Edwarde [ 20] the sixth, by the fa∣thers side, beganne hir reygne the vj. day of Iulye, which daye the King hir brother dyed, and she was proclaymed at London (as is before remembred in the ende of the historie of King Edwarde the sixth, the xix. daye of the same moneth, in the yeare of our Lorde 1553. After the creation of the worlde 5520. In the xxxv. yeare of Charles the v. Emperour of Al∣mayne. [ 30] In the vij. yeare of Henrie the seconde of that name, king of Fraunce, and in the xj. of Marie Queene of Scotlande.

The xx. of Iuly the Duke of Northumber∣lande being come backe vnto Cambridge, beard that the Proclamation of Queene Marie was come thither, whereof he being aduertised, called for a trumpetter and an Heralt, but none could be founde. Wherevpon he ryding into the mar∣ket place with the Maior, and the Lorde Mar∣ques [ 40] of Northampton, made the Proclama∣tion himselfe, and threwe vp his cappe in token of ioy.

The Lorde Marques after this, wente to Queene Marie, but the Duke, for that he was appoynted generall of the armie, in the quarrell of the Ladie Iane of Suffolke, was by the Maior of Cambridge and a Sergeaunt at armes, arrested of treason, and the xxv. day of the sayde Moneth, he with Frauncis Earle of [ 50] Huntington, Iohn Earle of Warwicke sonne and heire to the sayde Duke, and two other of his yonger sonnes, the Lorde Ambrose and the Lorde Henrie Dudley, Sir Andrewe Dudley, Sir Iohn Gates Captaine of the Garde to king Edwarde the sixth, sir Henrie Gates, brethren, Sir Thomas Palmer, Knightes, and Doctor Sandes, were brought to the tower by the earle of Arundell. But as they entered within the tower gate, the Earle of Arundell discharged the Lord Hastings, taking him out of the tower with him.

The xxvj. of Iulye, the Lorde Marques of Northampton, the Bishop of London, the L. Robert Dudley, and Sir Robert Corbet were brought from the Queenes Campe vnto the Tower.

The xxviij. of Iuly, the Duke of Suffolke was committed to the tower, but the xxj. of the same Moneth, he was set at libertie by the dili∣gent suite of the Ladie Frauncis grace his wife.

After that Queene Marie was thus with full consent of the Nobles and Commons of the Realme proclaymed Queene, shee being then in Norffolke, at hir Castell of Framingham, re∣payred with all speede to the Citie of London, and the thirde day of the sayd moneth of August she came to the sayde citie, and so to the tower, where the Ladie Iane of Suffolke (late afore proclaymed Queene) with hir husbande the Lorde Guilforde, a little before hir comming, were comitted towarde, and there remained al∣most after fiue monethes. And by the waye, as the Queene thus passed, she was ioyfully salu∣ted of all the people, without anye misliking, sauing that it was much feared of manye, that she woulde alter the religion set forth by King Edwarde hir brother, whereof then were giuen iust occasions, bicause (notwithstanding diuers lawes made to the contrarie) shee had daylye Masse and Latine seruice sayde before hir in the Tower.

At hir entrie into the Tower there were pre∣sented to hir certaine prisoners, namely Tho∣mas Duke of Norffolke, who in the last yeare of king Henrie the eyght (as you haue hearde) was supposed to be attainted of treason, but in the Parliament holden in this first yeare of Queene Marie, the sayde supposed attaindour was by the authoritie and acte of Parliament, for good and apparaunt causes alledged in the sayde acte, declared to be vtterlye frustrate and voyde. Also Edwarde Courtney sonne and heyre of Henrie Marques of Exceter, cosin ger∣maine to king Henrie the eyght, and Cuthbert Tunstall Bishop of Durham, with other per∣sons of great calling: but especiallye Stephen Gardiner bishop of Winchester, whome she not onely released of imprisonment, but also imme∣diately aduaunced and preferred to bee Lorde Chauncelor of Englande, restoring him also to his former estate and Bishopricke, and remoued from the same one Doctor Poynet, who a little before was placed therein by the gifte of King Edward the sixth.

And touching Edwarde Courtney, she not

aduaunced him to the Earledome of Deuon∣shire, but also to so muche of his fathers posses∣sions as there remayned in hir hands, whereby it was then thought of many, that she bare af∣fection to him by way of mariage: but it came not so to passe (for what cause I am not able to giue any reason) but surely the subiectes of En∣glande were most desirous thereof.

Vpon the receyuing of this newe Queene, all the Bishops which had bene depriued in the time [ 10] of King Edwarde the sixth hir brother, for the cause of religion, were nowe againe restored to their Bishoprickes, and such other as were pla∣ced in King Edwarde his time, remoued from their seates, and other of contrarie religion pla∣ced. Amongst whome, Edmonde Bonner Do∣ctor of the lawes, late afore depriued from the sea of London, and committed prisoner to the Marshalsee by order of King Edwards Coun∣sayle, was with all fauour restored to his libertie [ 20] and Bishopricke, maister Nicholas Ridley Doctor in Diuinitie, late before aduaunced to the same sea by the saide King, was hastily dis∣placed, and committed prisoner to the tower of London. The cause why such extremitie was vsed towardes the sayde Bishop Ridley, more than to the rest, was, for that in the time of La∣die Iane, he preached a sermon at Paules crosse by the commaundement of King Edwardes Counsayle, wherein he dissuaded the people, for [ 30] sundrie causes, from receyuing the Ladie Marie as Queene.

The xiij. of August, Doctor Bonner resto∣red nowe to his Bishopricke againe, appointed one late a chaplaine of his called Doctor Borne, to preach at Paules crosse, who was then pro∣moted to the Queenes seruice, and not long af∣terwarde was made Bishop of Bathe, the sayde Doctor taking occasion of the Gospell of that day, spake somewhat largely in the iustifying of [ 40] Bishop Bonner being present at the Sermon, whiche Bishop (as the sayde Preacher then o∣penly sayde) for a Sermon made vpon the same Text, and in the same place, the same day foure yeares afore passed, was most vniustly cast into the vile dungeon of the Marshalsee among thee∣nes, and there kept during the time of king Ed∣wardes reigne. This matter being set forth with great vehemencie, so muche offended the eares of part of the audience, that they brake silence, [ 50] and began to murmure and throng togither, in such sort as the Maior and Aldermen with other of the wiser sort then present, feared muche an vprore.

During which muttering, one more feruent than his fellowes, threwe a dagger at the Prea∣cher, but who it was, came not to knowledge, by reason of which outrage, the Preacher with∣drewe himselfe from the Pulpil, and one mai∣ster Bradforde at the request of the Preachers brother, and others standing there, tooke the place, and spake so mildely to the people, that with fewe wordes he appeased their furie, and after the sayde maister Bradforde and maister Rogers, although men of contrarie religion, conueyed the sayd Preacher into Paules schole, and there left him in safetie.

The next Sundaye following, for feare of a like tumult or worse, order was taken, that the Queenes garde shoulde be present in the place to defende the Preacher with weapons. Wher∣vpon the wiser men perceyuing suche a number of weapons, and that great perill was not vn∣like to ensue, by suche apparance, of late not ac∣customed, woulde not bee present at the Ser∣mon, by reason whereof there was left a small auditorie. Wherefore afterwarde there was a commaundement giuen by the Lorde Maior, that the auncients of the companies shoulde be present at the nexte Sermon in their liueries, and so they were, whereby all became quiet.

The xviij. of August next folowing, the Duke of Northumberlande, the Lorde Marques of Northampton, and the Earle of Warwicke sonne and heire to the sayd Duke, were brought into Westminster hall, and there arreygned of highe treason, before Thomas Duke of Nor∣folke, high Stewarde of Englande.

The Duke of Northumberland at his com∣ming to the barre, vsed great reuerence towards the Iudges, and protesting his faith and alle∣giance to the Queenes maiestie, whome he con∣fessed grieuously to haue offended, he sayde that he ment not to speake any thing in defence of his facte, but woulde first vnderstande the opinion of the Court in two points, first whether a man doing any act by authoritie of the Princes coun∣sayle, and by warrant of the great seale of Eng∣lande, and doing nothing without the same, maye be charged with treason for anye thing which he might do by warrant therof? Second∣ly, whether any suche persons as were equallye culpable in that crime, and those by whose let∣ters and commaundementes he was directed in all his doings, might be his iudges, or passe vp∣pon his triall as his peeres? Wherevnto was answered, that as concerning the first, the great seale (which he layde for his warrant) was not the seale of the lawfull queene of the Realme, nor passed by authoritie, but the seale of an vsurper, and therefore coulde be no warrant to him. As to the seconde it was alledged, that if any were as deepely to be touched in that case as himselfe, yet so long as no atteyndor were of recorde a∣gainst them, they were neuerthelesse persons a∣ble in lawe to passe vpon any triall, and not to be

chalenged therefore, but at the Princes plea∣sure.

After whiche aunswere, the Duke vsing a fewe wordes, declaring his earnest repentaunce in the case, (for he sawe that to stande vpon vt∣tering any reasonable matter, as might seeme, woulde little preuayle) he moued the Duke of Norffolke to bee a meane to the Queene for mercie, & without further answere confessed the inditement, by whose example, the other priso∣ners [ 10] arreygned with him, did likewise confesse the inditementes produced against them, and therevpon had iudgement.

The xix. of August, Sir Andrewe Dudley, Sir Iohn Gates, and Sir Henrie Gates, bre∣thren, and Sir Thomas Palmer, Knightes, were arreygned at Westminster, and confes∣sing their inditements, had iudgemēt which was pronounced by the Marques of Winchester high Treasurer of Englande that sate that day [ 20] as chiefe Iustice.

The xxij. of the sayde moneth of August, the sayde Duke, Sir Iohn Gates, and Sir Tho∣mas Palmer, were executed at the tower hill, and all the rest shortlye after had their pardons graunted by the Queene, who, as it was thought, coulde also haue bene contented to haue pardoned the Duke as well as the other, for the speciall fauour that she had borne to him afore time. [ 30]

Soone after this, Thomas Cranmer Arch∣bishop of Canterburie, and late before of King Edwards priuie Counsayle, was committed to the tower of London, being charged of treason, not onely for giuing aduise to the dishinheriting of Queene Marie: but also for ayding the D. of Northumberlande with certayne horse and men against the Queene, in the quarrell of the Ladie Iane of Suffolke.

The last day of September next following, [ 40] the Queene passed from the tower through the Citie of London vnto Westminster, and the next daye being the first of October shee was crowned at Westminster, by Stephen Gardi∣ner Bishop of Winchester (for the Archbishops of Caunterburie and Yorke were then prisoners in the tower) as before yee haue hearde, at the time of whose coronation, there was published a generall pardon in hir name, being interlaced with so manye exceptions, as they they needed [ 50] the same most, tooke smallest benefite thereby. In which were excepted by name no smal num∣ber, not onely of Bishops and other of the Cler∣gie, namely the Archbishops of Caunterburie and Yorke, the Bishop of London, but also ma∣ny Lordes, Knightes, and Gentlemenne of the laytie, beside the two chiefe Iustices of Eng∣lande called Sir Edwarde Mountague, and Sir Roger Cholmeley, and some other learned men in the lawe, for counsayling, or at the least consenting to the depriuation of Queene Ma∣rie, and ayding of the foresayde Duke of Nor∣thumberlande, in the pretensed right of the a∣fore named Ladie Iane, the names of whiche persons so being excepted, I haue omitted for shortnesse sake.

Assoone as this pardon was publyshed, and the solemnitie of the feast of the Coronation en∣ded, there were certayne Commissioners assig∣ned to take order with all such persons as were excepted out of the pardon, and others, to com∣pounde with the Queene for their seuerall of∣fences, which Commissioners sate at the Deane of Paules his house, at the west ende of Paules Church, and there called afore them the sayde persons apart, and from some, they tooke their fees and offices, graunted before by King Ed∣warde the sixth, and yet neuerthelesse putting them to their fines, and some they committed to warde, depriuing them of their states and li∣uings, so that for the time, to those that tasted thereof, it seemed verye grieuous. God deliuer vs from incurring the lyke daunger of lawe a∣gayne.

The v. daye of October next following, the Queene helde hir highe Court of Parliament at Westminster, which continued vntill the xxj. day of the sayde moneth.

In the first session of whiche Parliament, there passed no more Actes but one, and that was, to declare Queene Marie lawfull heire in discent to the crowne of Englande by the com∣mon lawes, next after hir brother king Ed∣warde, and to repeale certaine causes of treason, felonie, and premunire, contayned in diuerse former Statutes: the whiche acte of Repeale was, for that Cardinall Poole was especiallye looked for (as after ye shall heare) for the redu∣cing of the Church of Englande to the Popes obedience: and to the ende that the sayde Car∣dinall nowe called into Englande from Rome, might holde his Courtes Legantine withoute the daunger of the Statutes of the Premunire, made in that case, wherevnto Cardinall Wol∣sey (when he was Legate) had incurred to his no small losse, and to the charge of all the Cler∣gie of Englande, for exercising the like power: the which acte being once passed, forthwith the Queene repayred to the Parliament house, and gaue therevnto hir royall assent, and then pro∣roged the Parliament vnto the xxiiij. day of the sayde Moneth.

In which seconde session were confirmed and made diuerse and sundrie Statutes concerning religion, whereof some were restored, and other repealed.

At this time many were in trouble for reli∣gion, and among other, Sir Iames Hales Knight, one of the Iustices of the Common place, whiche Iustice being called among other by the Counsayle of King Edwarde to sub∣scribe to a deuise made for the disinheriting of Queene Marie, and the Ladie Elizabeth hir sister, woulde in no wise assent to the same, though most of the other did: yet that notwith∣standing, for that he at a quarter Sessions hol∣den [ 10] in Kent, gaue charge vpon the Statutes of King Henry the eyght, and King Edwarde the sixth, in derogation of the Primacie of the Church of Rome, abolished by King Henrie the eight, he was first committed prisoner to the Kings bench, then to the Counter, and last to the Fleete, where, whether it were through ex∣treeme feare, or else by reason of such talke as the warden of the Fleete vsed vnto him, of more trouble like to insue, if he persisted in his opini∣on [ 20] (or for what other cause, God knoweth) he was so moued, troubled, & vexed, that he sought to ryd himselfe out of this life, whiche thing he first attempted in the Fleete, by wounding him∣selfe with a Penknife, well neare to death. Ne∣uerthelesse afterwarde being recouered of that hurt, he seemed to be verye comformable to all the Queenes proceedings, and was therevpon deliuered of his imprisonment, and brought to the Queenes presence, who gaue him words of [ 30] great comfort: neuerthelesse his mynde was not quiet (as afterwarde well appeared) for in the end he drowned himself in a riuer not half a mile from his dwelling house in Kent, the riuer being so shalow, that he was faine to lye groueling be∣fore he coulde dispatche himselfe, whose death was much lamented. For beside that he was a man wise, vertuous, and learned in the lawes of the Realme, he was also a good and true mini∣ster of Iustice, whereby he gate him great fauor [ 40] and estimation among all degrees.

During the aforesayde Parliament, aboute the xviij. daye of October, there was kepte at Paules Church in London, a publike disputa∣tion appoynted by the Queenes commaunde∣ment, aboute the presence of Christ in the sa∣crament of the Aultar, which disputation con∣tinued sixe dayes, Doctor Weston then being Prolocutor of the Conuocation, who vsed ma∣ny vnseemely checkes and tauntes against the [ 50] one part, to the preiudice of their cause. By rea∣son whereof, the disputers neuer resolued vpon the article proponed, but grewe daily more and more into contention, without any frute of their long conference, and so ended this disputation, with these wordes spoken by Doctor Weston Prolocutor: It is not the Queenes pleasure that we shoulde herein spende anye longer time, and ye are well ynough, for you haue the word, and we haue the sworde. But of this matter ye may reade more in the booke of the Monuments of the Church.

At this time was Cardinall Poole sent for to Rome by the Queene, who was very desirous of his comming, as well for the causes afore de∣clared, as also for the great affection that shee had to him being hir neere kinseman, and con∣senting with hir in religion.

This message was most thankfully recey∣ued at Rome, and order taken to sende the sayde Cardinal hither with great expedition: but before his comming, Queene Marie had maried Phi∣lip Prince of Spaine, as after shall appeare.

But here to touche somewhat the comming of the sayde Cardinal. When he was arriued at Caleys, there was conference had amongst the Counsaylors of the Queene for the maner of his receyuing: some woulde haue had him very honorably met and intertayned, as he was in all places where he had before passed, not onelye for that he was a Cardinall, and a Legate from the Pope, but also for that he was the Queenes neare kinseman, of the house of Clarence. Ne∣uerthelesse, after much debating, it was thought meetest, first, for that by the lawes of the realme (which yet were not repealed) he stoode attainted by Parliament, & also for that it was doubtfull how he being sent frō Rome, should be accepted of the people, who in xxv. yeares before, had not bene muche acquainted with the Pope or his Cardinals, that therefore vntill all things might be put in order for that purpose, he shoulde come without any great solemnitie vnto Lambeth, where in the Archbishoppes house, his lodging was prepared.

The thirde of Nouember nexte following, Thomas Cranmer Archbishop of Canterbury, (notwithstāding that he had once refused plainly to subscribe to King Edwardes will, in the dis∣inheriting of his sister Marie, and alledging many reasons and arguments for the legittima∣tion of both the Kings sisters) was in the Guild∣hall in London arreygned, and attainted of treason, namely for ayding the Duke of Nor∣thumberlande with horse and men against the Queene, as aforesayde: and the same time also, the Ladie Iane of Suffolke (who for a whyle was called Queene Iane) and the Lorde Guil∣forde hir husbande, the Lorde Ambrose and L. Henrie Dudley sonnes to the Duke of Nor∣thumberlande, were likewise arreygned and at∣tainted, and therevpon led backe agayne to the Tower.

In the beginning of Ianuarie next follo∣wing, Charles the v. Emperor, sent into Eng∣lande an honorable ambassade, amongst whom

was the Conte de Ayguemont Admirall of the low countries, w^t Charles Conte de la Laing, Iohn de Montmorancie Lorde of Curriers, and the Chauncellour Nigre, with full Com∣mission to conclude a mariage betwene Philip Prince of Spaine his sonne and heyre, and Queene Marie, as you haue hearde: which am∣bassade tooke suche place, that shortlye after all things were finished accordinglye. But this mariage was not well thought off by the Com∣mons, [ 10] nor much better lyked of many of the no∣bilitie, who for this, and for the cause of religi∣on, conspired to rayse warre, rather than to see such chaunge of the state, of the which conspira∣cie though there were many confederates, yet the firste that shewed force therein, was one Sir Thomas Wyat a knight in Kent, who in very deede was driuen to preuent the time of the pur∣posed enterprise by this happe.

Diuerse of the partakers in this conspiracie, [ 20] being withdrawne from London (where they had deuised their drift) home into their countries (amongst whom the sayd Sir Thomas Wyat was one) it fell out, that whylest he was retur∣ned into Kēt, where his lands and liuings chief∣lye laye, a Gentleman of that shire, one to the sayde Sir Thomas Wyat most deare, was by the Counsell for other matters committed to the Fleete, wherevpon he verily suspecting that his f•…•…r, is were bewreyed, had no other shift, as [ 30] he tooke it, but to put on armour, and to begin the attempt, before the time appointed with his complices, and herevpon giuing intelligence of his determination to his associates, as well at London, as else where, on the Thursdaye next following, being the xxv. of Ianuarie, at Maid∣stone, being accompanied with maister Tho∣mas Is•…•…ey, and others, publisheth a proclama∣tion against the Queenes mariage, desiring all his neyghburs, frendes, and Englishmenne to [ 40] ioyne with him and others, to defend the realme in daunger to be brought in thraldome to stran∣gers, and herewith he getteth him to Rochester, & met with sir George Harper by the way, that was one appoynted asore to ioyne with him in that quarrell. They brake vp the bridge at Ro∣chester, and fortified the East part of the town, and stayde there, abyding the comming of more strength, and in the meane whyle suffered all passengers to passe quietly through the towne to London▪ or to the sea, taking nothing frō them, [ 50] but onely their weapon.

In the meane while, sir Henrie Isley, Anthony Kneuet esquire, & his brother William Kneuet were busy in west Kent to raise the people there, & likewise in East Kent there were other y^t were of the same confederacie, which set forth the like Proclamations at Milton, Ashforde, and other townes there in that part of the shire: and thus in eche part of Kente in a maner was greate stirre. But yet such was the diligence and wa∣rie circumspection of Iohn Twyne at that present, Maior of Canterburie, for that he mis∣lyked their disordered attemptes, that there was not any of that Citie knowne to stirre, or goe forth to ioyne themselues with the sayde Sir Thomas Wyat, or with any other of his con∣federates, and yet verilye the more part of the people in all other parts of that shire, were mar∣ueylouslye affected to the sayde Sir Thomas Wyats quarrell, doubting that which myght followe of the Queenes matching hirselfe thus with a straunger.

At Milton when a Gentlemanne of those partes named Christopher Roper, went about to resist them that set forth this Proclamation, he was taken and conueyed to Rochester vnto Maister Wyat.

Likewise Maister Tucke and Maister Dor∣rell Iustices of peace, were fetched out of their owne houses, and likewise brought to Roche∣ster where they with the sayde Roper were kept as prisoners.

Sir Thomas Wiat had written vnto Sir Robert Southwel sherife of Kēt to moue him in respect of the preseruation of the common welth nowe in daunger to be ouerrunne of strangers, through the pretensed marriage, if it should go forwarde) to ioyne with him and others, in so necessarie a cause for the disappoynting of the same mariage, and to worke so with the Lorde of Burgueuennie, with whome he might doe much, that it might please him also to ioyne with them: but as well the sayde Sir Robert Southwell, as the sayde Lorde of Burgueuen∣nie, and one George Clarke assembled them∣selues with such power as they might make a∣gainst the sayde Sir Thomas Wyat and hys adherentes, and comming to Malling on the Saterday, being the Market daye and xxvij. of Ianuarie, the sayde sir Robert Southwell ha∣uing penned an exhortation to dissuade the peo∣ple, and to bring them from hauing any liking to Wiates enterprise, dyd reade the same openlye vnto all the people there assembled, in confuting, reprouing, and refelling the procla∣mations set forth by Sir Thomas Wiat and his adherents.

On the other parte, Sir Henrie Isley, An∣thonie Kneuet, and his brother Willyam Kne∣uet being at Tunbridge, proclaymed the She∣rife, the Lorde of Burgueuennie, and George Clarke Gentlemanne, traytours to God, the Crowne, and the Common wealth, for reysing the Queenes Subiectes, to defende the moste wicked and diuelishe enterprise of certayne of

the wicked and peruese Counsaylors. And this they pronounced in their owne names, and in the names of Sir Thomas Wyat, Sir George Harper, and of all the faithfull Gentle∣men of Kent, and trustie Commons of the same.

This done, they marched to Se••••nnothe, meaning from thence to passe to Rochester, but in the meane time the foresayde xxvij. of Ianua∣rie, there came from the Queene an Herau•…•…e, [ 10] and a trumpettour vnto Sir Thomas Wiat, but he was not suffered to passe the bridge, and so did his message at the bridge end, in y^e hearing of sir Thomas Wiat and diuerse other. The ef∣fect of his message was, to offer pardon to so many as within xxiiij. houres woulde depart to their houses, and become quiet subiects.

Sir Thomas Cheiney Lorde Warden, sent also vnto Wiat, with wordes of contempt and defiance, desirous in deede to haue bene doyng [ 20] with him, if he had not mistrusted his own peo∣ple which he shoulde haue brought against him, as those that fauoured so greatly Wiats cause, that they woulde haue bene lothe to haue serue him take anye soyle, and that Sir Thomas Wiat knewe well inough, and therefore desired nothing more than to haue him come forth, vn∣derstanding that he wanted no fren•…•…es as well about him, as all other that woulde take in hande to represse him with force gathered in that [ 30] shire.

The Lorde of Burgueuennie, the Sherife, Warram Sentleger, and diuerse other Gen∣tlemen that were assembled at Malling, laye there within foure myles of Rochester Sa∣terday night, and hauing aduertisement that Sir Henrie Isley, the two Kneuets, and cer∣taine other, with fiue hundreth Weldishe men, being at Seuennocke, ment earely in the mor∣ning to march towards Rochester for the ayde [ 40] of Wiat against the Duke of Norffolke that was come to Grauesende with fiue hundreth whyte Coates Londoners, and certayne of the garde, and further that the sayde Sir Henrie Isley and the Kneuets ment in their waye to burne and spoyle the house of George Clarke Gentlemanne. They departing with fiue hundreth Gentlemen and yeomen, very earelye that Sunday in the morning marched out in or∣der till they came to Wrotham heath, where [ 50] they might easilye heare the sounde of their ad∣uersaries drummes, and therevpon followed af∣ter them with all speede till they came to a place called Barrowe greene, through which laye the right readie waye from Seuennocke towardes maister Clarkes house. Here the Lorde of Bur∣gueuennie stayed for the comming of his eni∣mies, and vnderstanding they were at hande, placed his m•…•…nne in order, thinking to giue 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…e the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 throwe. But they vpon their ap∣proche, mis••••king (as it should seeme) the ma•…•…c•…•…, shranke as••••e as secretly as they coulde, by a bye way, and were so farre gone before the Lorde of Burgueuennie vnderstoode thereof by his spi∣als, as for doubt of ouertaking them afore their comming as Rochester, he was driuen to make such haste for the ouertaking of them, as diuerse of his foote men were farre behinde at the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 giuing.

The first fight that the Lorde of Burgue∣uennie coulde haue of them, after they forso•…•…e their purpose waye, was as they asc•…•… Wrotham hill, directly vnder Yallam maister Peckhams house, where they 〈…〉〈…〉 great aduauntage by the winning of the •…•…ill, displayed their ensignes, thinking they had 〈◊〉〈◊〉 out of daunger, but the Lord of Burgueuennie made such haste after them, that ouertaking them at a fielde in the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Wrotham, & myle distant from the very •…•…oppe of the hill, cal∣led Blacke folle fielde▪ after some resistance with showe and ar•…•…, and pr••••er of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 made by their horsemen, they were put to •…•…ight, and chased for the space of four•…•… myles, 〈…〉〈…〉 to Harthy woode .Lx. of them were taken pri∣soners.

Sir Henrie Isley fled vnto Hāpshire, And they Kneuet made such shift that he got y^t night vnto Rochester, and the same time Sir George Har∣per departing from Sir Thomas Wiat, & com∣ming to the Duke of Nor•…•…, submitted him selfe but•…•… his grace, and the Duke receyued him. Which Duke, as before ye haue partly hea•…•…, being sent with fiue hundreth Londoners, and certaine of the Gares for his better defence, to go against the Kentishe menne thus assembled with Sir Thomas Wiat, was come downe to Grau•…•…de, set forth from thence on mondaye the xxix. of Ianuarie about ten of the clocke in the fortnoone, marching towardes Stroude on this side of Rochester, and about foure of the clocke in the afternoone of the same daye, he arri∣ued at Stroude neare vnto Rochester, hauing with him Sir Henrie Ierningham Captayne of the Garde, Sir Edwarde •…•…raye, Sir Iohn Fogge, Knightes, Iohn Couert, Roger Apple∣ton, Esquires, Maurice G••••••••ish the Bishoppe of Rochester, Thomas Swan gentleman, with certaine of the garde, and •…•…s, to the number of two hundreth or thereabout, b•…•…e Bret and other fiue Captaines, who with their bandes •…•…a∣ried behinde at Spittell hill neere vnto Stroud, whylest the Duke we•…•…e to Stroude to see the placing of the ordinaunce, whiche being readye charged and bent vnto the towne of Rochester, and perceyuing by Sir Thomas Wiat and his

men by hanging out their ensignes, little to re∣garde him, the Duke commaunded one of the peeces to be fired and shotte off into Rochester, and as the gunner was firing the peece, sir Ed∣warde Brayes eldest sonne came in all haste to the Duke, and tolde him howe the Londoners woulde betraye him, and herewith turning backe, he might beholde howe Brette and the o∣ther Captaines of the white Coates with their handes being vppon the hill, and at his backe, [ 10] made great and loud shouts sundrie times, cry∣ing we are all English men, wear call English men, fashioning themselues in aray, ready bent with their weapons to set vpon the Duke, if hee had made any resistance: wherevppon the Duke commaunded the peeces that were bent against Rochester, to be turned vpon Bret and his fel∣lowes, but vpon further consideration the shotte was spared, and the Dukes grace, with the cap∣taine of the Garde, considering with wofull [ 20] hearts their chiefe strength thus turned against them, and being thus enuironned both behinde and before with enimies, shifted themselues a∣way, as did also their companie. Sir Thomas Wiat accompanied with two or three, and not many mo, came forth halfe a myle from Ro∣chester, to meete Brette and the other Cap∣taynes, amongst whome was Sir George Harper, notwithstanding his former submis∣sion to the Duke. Their meeting verily seemed [ 30] right ioyfull both in gesture and countenaunce, and therewith hauing saluted ech other, they en∣tred altogither into Rochester.

The Lorde of Burguenennie and the She∣rife were greatly abashed when they vnderstoode of this mishappe, for they doubted that such as were euill disposed afore, woulde not be greatly amended thereby.

The Sherife being then at Maidstone, ha∣sted to come to Malling, where the Lorde of [ 40] Burgueuennie laye, and vppon his comming thither, hee tooke aduise to ryde in poste to the Counsayle to knowe their mindes howe they woulde direct them.

Sir Thomas Wiat and his associates were greatly recomforted with this newe supply ad∣ded to their strength, by the reuolting thus of the Londoners, and verilye it bredde no small hope in all their heartes that wished well to his enterprise, that he shoulde the better attaine vn∣to [ 50] the wished ende of his purpose. But it pleased God otherwise, who neuer prospereth any that attempt such exploits without publike and law∣full authoritie.

In this meane whyle, the Duke of Suffolke being persuaded to ioine with other in this quar∣rell, as he that doubted, as no small number of true English men then did, least the pretenced mariage with the Spanishe King: should bring the whole nobilitie and people of this Realme, into bondage and thraldome of Straungers, after he was once aduertised that Sir Thomas Wiat had preuented the time of their purposed enterprise, hee secretelye one euening departed from Sheene, and roade with all speede into Leycester shire, where in the towne of Leycester and other places, he caused proclamation to bee made in semblable wyse as Sir Thomas Wiat had done, against the Queenes matche whiche she ment to make with the sayd King of Spain: but fewe there were that woulde willingly har∣ken thereto.

But nowe ye must vnderstande, that before his comming downe, hee was persuaded that the Citie of Couentrie woulde be opened vnto him, the more part of the citizens being through∣ly bent in his fauour, in so necessarie a quarrell, for defence of the Realme against Straungers, as they were then persuaded. But howsoeuer it chaunced, this proued not altogither true, for whether through the misliking whiche the Citi∣zens had of the matter, or throughe negligence of some that were sente to sollicite them in the cause, or chiefly, as should seeme to be most true, for that God woulde haue it so: When the Duke came with sixe or seauen score horsemen well appointed for the purpose, presenting him∣selfe before the Citie, in hope to be receyued, hee was kept oute. For the Citizens through com∣fort of the Earle of Huntington that was then come downe, sent by the Queene to staye the Countries from falling to the Duke, and to rayse a power to apprehende him, had put them selues in armor, and made all the prouision they coulde to defende the Citie againste the sayde Duke. Wherevpon perceyuing himselfe desti∣tute of all such ayde as hee looked for among his frends in y^e two shires of Leicester & Warwick, he got him to his manour of Astley, distant from Couentrie fiue myles, where appoynting his companie to disperse themselues, and to make the best shift eche one for his owne safegard that he might, and distributing to euerye of them a portion of money, according to their qualities, and his store at that present, hee and the Lorde Iohn Grey his brother, bestowed themselues in secrete places there within Astley Parke, but throughe the vntrustynesse of them, to whose trust they did commit themselues, as hath bene credibilye reported, they were bewrayed to the Earle of Huntington, that then was come to Couentrie, and so apprehended they were by the sayde Earle, and afterwardes brought vp to London.

The Duke had ment at the first to haue rid awaye, (as I haue crediblye hearde) if promise

had bene kept by one of his seruaunts, appoyn∣ted to come to him to bee his guyde: but when be eyther frygning himselfe sicke, or being sicke in deede, came not, the Duke was constrayned to remayne in the Parke there at Astley, hoping yet to get awaye after that the searche had bene passed ouer, and the Countrie once in quiet. Howsoeuer it was, there he was taken, as be∣fore is sayde, togither with his brother the Lord Iohn Grey, but his brother the Lorde Thomas [ 10] gotte awaye in deede at that time, meaning to haue fledde into Wales, and there to haue got to the sea side, so to transport himselfe ouer into Fraunce, or into some other forren part: but in the borders of Wales he was likewise appre∣hended through his great mishappe, and folly of his man that had forgot his Capcase w^t money behinde in his Chamber one morning at his Inne, and comming for it againe, vppon exa∣mination what he shoulde be, it was mistrusted [ 20] that his maister shoulde be some suche man, as he was in deede, and so was stayde, taken, and brought vp to London, where he suffered, as af∣ter shall appeart.

But nowe to returne vnto Sir Thomas Wiat. After that the Londoners were reuolted to him, as before ye haue hearde, the next daye being Tuesdaye the xxx. of Ianuarie, hee mar∣ched forth with his bandes, and sixe peeces of ordinance (which they had gotten of the Quee∣nes) [ 30] beside their owne, and first they came to Cowling castell, an holde of the Lorde Cob∣hams, foure myles distant from Rochester, and not much out of their waye towards London, whither they were nowe fully determined to go, in hope of frendes whiche they trusted to finde within and about the Citie.

At their comming to Cowling, knowing the Lorde Cobham to bee within the Castell, they bene their ordinaunce against the gate, brea∣king [ 40] it with sundrie shottes, and burning it vp with fire, made a way through it.

The said Lord Cobham defended the place as stoutly as he might, hauing but a fewe agaynst so great a number, and so little store of muniti∣on for his defence, he himselfe yet discharged his gunne at such as approched the gate right har∣dily, and in that assault two of his menne were slayne.

After this assaulte, and talke had with the [ 50] Lorde Cobham, Sir Thomas Wiat marched to Grauesende, where he rested that night.

The next daye he came to Dartforde, with his handes, and laye there that night, whither came to him Sir Edwarde Hastings maister of the Queenes horse, and Sir Thomas Corne∣walleys knightes, both being of the Queenes priuie Counsayle, and nowe sent from hir vn∣to Sir Thomas Wiat to vnderstand the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of his commotion.

When hee vnderstoode they were come, hee tooke with him certaine of his bande to the west ende of the towne, where he had lodged his or∣dinaunce, and at the lighting downe of Sir Ed∣ward Hastings and his associate, Sir Thomas Wiat hauing a Partison in his hande, aduaun∣ced himselfe somewhat afore such Gentlemen as were with him, traced neare them, to whom the Maister of the horse spake in substaunce as fol∣loweth.

The Queenes Maiestie requireth to vnder∣stande the verye cause wherefore you haue thus gathered togither in armes hir liege people, which is the part of a traytour, and yet in your Proclamations and persuasions, you call your selfe a true subiect, which can not stand togither.

I am no traytor, quoth Wiat, and the cause wherefore I haue gathered the people, is to de∣fende the Realme from daunger of being ouer∣runne with straungers, which must follow, this mariage taking place.

Why loueth the Queenes agents, there bene straungers yet come, who eyther for power or number ye neede to suspect. But if this be your onely quarrell, bicause yee mislike the mariage: will ye come to communication touching that case, and the Queene of hir gracious goodnesse is content ye shall be hearde.

I yeelde there to quoth Sir Thomas Wiat: but for my suretie I will rather be trusted than trust, and therefore demaunded as some haue written, the custome of the tower, and hir grace within it. Also the displacing of some Counsay∣lours about hir, and to haue other placed in their roumes.

There was long and sta•…•…te conference be∣tweene them, insomuche that the Maister of the horse sayde, Wiat, before thou shalte haue thy trayterous demaunde graunted thou shalt dye, and twentie thousande with ther: and so the sayde Maister of the horse, and Sir Thomas Cornewalleys perceiuing they coulde not bring him to that poynt they wished, they returned to the Courte, aduertising the Queene what they had hearde of him.

The sand daye bring the first of Februarie, Proclamation was made in London by an He∣rault, to signifie that the Duke of Suffolkes companie of horsemen were scattered, and that he himselfe and his brethren were fledd•…•…. Also that Sir Peter Carew, and sir Gawen Carew Knights, and Willyam Gybbes Esqu•…•…, which being parties to the conspiracie of the said Duke, with Sir Thomas Wiat and others, were likewise fledde. T•…•…s it was that Sir Peter Carewe perceyuing himselfe in daunger to bee

apprehended aboute the xxiij. of Ianuarie last past, fledde out of the Realme, and escaped into Fraunce, but the other taried behynde and were taken.

Moreouer, this first daye of Februarie being Candlemas euen, the Emperours ambassadors, of whome ye haue hearde before, hearing of Wi∣ats hastie approching thus towardes London, sped themselues away by water, and that with all haste. [ 10]

The Queene then lying at hir pallace of Whyte hall beside Westminster, and hearing of hir enimies so neare, was counsayled for hir safegarde to take the tower of London, where∣vnto she would by no meanes be perswaded. Ne∣uerthelesse, to make hir selfe more stronger of frends in the citie, so soone as the sayde Ambas∣sadours were departed, she came to the Guilde hall in London, against which time, order was taken by the Lorde Maior, that the chiefe Citi∣zens [ 20] in their liueries shoulde be there present.

After that the Queene had taken hir place in the sayde hall, and silence made, she with verye good countenaunce vttered in effect this oration following.

I am (quoth shee) come vnto you in mine owne person, to tell you that which already you doe see and knowe, that is, howe trayterouslye and sediciouslye a number of Kentishe rebelles haue assembled themselues togither against both [ 30] vs and you. Their pretence (as they sayde at the first) was onely to resist a mariage determi∣ned betweene vs and the Prince of Spaine, to the which pretenced quarrell, and to all the rest of their euill contriued articles yee haue bene made priuie. Sithence which time, wee haue caused diuerse of our priuie Counsayle, to re∣sort eftsoones to the sayde Rebelles, and to de∣maunde of them the cause of this their continu∣ance in their seditious enterprise: By whose an∣sweres [ 40] made againe to our sayde Counsayle, it appeared that the marriage is founde to be the least of their quarrell. For they nowe swaruing from their former articles, haue bewrayed the inwarde treason of their hearts, as most arro∣gantly demaunding the possession of oure per∣son, the keeping of our tower, and not onely the placing and displacing of our Counsaylors, but also to vse them and vs at their pleasures. Nowe louing subiectes, what I am, you right [ 50] well knowe. I am your Queene, to whome at my Coronation when I was wedded to the Realme, and to the lawes of the same, (the spousall ring whereof I haue on my finger, which neuer hitherto was, nor hereafter shall be left off) ye promised your allegiaunce and obe∣dience vnto mee, and that I am the right and true inheritour to the Crowne of this Realme of Englande, I not onely take all Christen∣dome to witnesse, but also your actes of Par∣liament confirming the same. My father (as yee all knowe) possessed the Regall estate by right of inheritance, whiche nowe by the sa•••• right descended vnto me. And to him alwayes ye shewed your selues most faithfull and louing subiectes, and him obeyed and serued as yours liege Lorde and King, and therefore I doubte not but you will shewe youre selues likewise to me his daughter, whiche if you doe, then maye you not suffer anye Rebell to vsurpe the gouer∣nance of our person, or to occupie our estate, es∣pecially being so presumptuous a traytour as this Wiat hath shewed himselfe to bee, who must certainly, as he hath abused my ignorant subiects to bee adherents to his trayterous quar∣rell, so doth he entende by colour of the same, to subdue the lawes to his will, and to giue scope to y^e rascall and forlorne persons, to make gene∣rall hauocke and spoyle of your goodes: and this further I say vnto you in the worde of a prince, I cannot tell howe naturallye a mother loueth hir children, for I was neuer y^e mother of any: but certainly a Prince and Gouernour maye as naturallye and as earnestlye loue subiectes, as the mother doth hir chylde, then assure youre selues, that I being youre Soueraigne Ladie and Queene, doe as earnestly and as tenderlye loue and fauour you, and I thus louing you, cannot but thinke that yee as heartilye and faithfully loue me againe: and so ioyning togi∣ther in this knotte of loue and concorde, I doubt not, but we togither shall bee able to giue these Rebels a short & speedie ouerthrow. And as con∣cerning the case of my intēded mariage, agaynst which they pretende their quarrell, yee shall vn∣derstande that I entred not into the treatie there∣of without aduice of all oure priuie Counsayle, yea, and by assent of those to whome the King my father committed his truste, who so consi∣dered and wayed the greate commodities that might ensue thereof, that they not only thought it verye honourable, but expedient, both for the wealth of our Realme, and also of all oure lo∣uing subiectes. And as touching my selfe, (I assure you) I am not so desirous of wedding, neyther so precise or wedded to my will, that eyther for mine owne pleasure I will chose where I lyste, or else so amorous, as needes I must haue one: for God I thank him (to whom bee the prayse thereof) I haue hitherto lyued a virgin, and doubt nothing but with Gods grace shall as well bee able so to liue still. But if, as my progenitors haue don before, it might please God that I might leaue some fruite of my body behinde me, to be your Gouernour, I trust you woulde not onelye reioyce thereat, but also I

knowe it woulde be to your great comfort. And certainly if I eyther did knowe or thinke, that thys maryage shoulde eyther turne to the daun∣ger or losse of any of you my louing subiectes, or to the detriment or empayring of any parte or parcell of the royall estate of this realme of Eng∣lande, I woulde neuer consent therevnto, ney∣ther woulde I euer marry while I lyued. And in the worde of a Queene, I promise and assure you, that if it shall not probably appeare before [ 10] the Nobilitie and commons in the high Courte of Parliament, that this maryage shall be for the singular benefit and commoditie of all the whole Realme, that then I will abstayne not onelye from this maryage, but also from any other, whereof perill may ensue to this noble Realme. Wherefore nowe as good and faythfull subiectes plucke vp your heartes, and like true men stande fast wyth your lawfull Prince agaynst these re∣belles both our enimies and yours, and feare [ 20] them not: for assure you that I feare them no∣thing at all, and I will leaue with you my lorde Howarde, and my Lorde Treasorer to be your assystants, with my Lorde Maior, for the de∣fence and safegarde of the Citie from spoyle and saccage, which is onely the scope of this rebelli∣ous companie.

After this Oration ended, the Citizens see∣ming well satisfied therewith, the Queene with the Lordes of the Counsaile returned to white [ 30] Hall from whence she came, and forthwyth the Lorde William Howarde was associate wyth the Lorde Maior of London, whose name was sir Thomas White, for the protectiō and defence of the Citie, and for more suretie as well of hir owne person, as also of hir Counsaylours and o∣ther subiectes, shee prepared a greate armie to meete wyth the sayde Rebelles in the fielde, of which armie William Herbert Earle of Pem∣broke was made generall, which Earle wyth all [ 40] speede requisite in such a case, prepared all things necessarie to such a seruice belonging.

The same daye sir Thomas Wyat hauing with him fourtene Ensignes, conteyning aboute foure thousande men, although they were accoū∣ted to be a farre greater number, marched to Det∣forde strande, eight myles from Dartforde, and within foure myles of London: where vpon such aduertisement as hee receyued by spyall, of the Queenes being in the Guildhall, and the order [ 50] of the people to hir wardes, hee remayned that night and the next whole day, dyuerse of his own companie doubting by his longer tarying there, than in other places, and vpon other presumpti∣ons which they gathered, that he woulde haue passed the water into Essex.

His Prisoners Christofor Roper, George Dorrell, and Iohn Tucke, Esquiers, who were kept somewhat strayt, for that they seemed sick∣ly, and finding within the towne no conuenient harborough or attendance, were licenced by sir Thomas Wyat, vpon promise of their worships to be true prisoners, to prouide for themselues out from the towne, where they best might: but they breaking promise with him, sought wayes to e∣scape, and came no more at him.

On the Saterday folowing very early, Wiat marched to Southwarke, where approching the gate at London bridge foote, called to them with in to haue it opened, which he found not so readie as he looked for.

After hee had beene a little while in South∣warke, and began to trench at the bridge foot, and set two peeces of ordinance agaynst the gate, dy∣uerse of his souldiors went to Winchester place, where one of them (being a gentleman) began to fall to ryfling of things found in the house, wher∣with sir Thomas Wyat seemed so much offen∣ded, that he threatned sore to hang him euen pre∣sently there vpon the wharfe, and so as he made others to beleeue he ment to haue done, if Cap∣taine Bret and other had not intreated for him.

The Lord William Howard Lorde Admi∣ral of England, being appointed by the Queenes commission captaine generall with the Lorde Maior sir Thom. White, watched at the bridge that night with three hundred men, caused the draw bridge to be hewen downe into the Tha∣mes, made rampires & other fortifications there, fensing the same with great ordinance.

Wiat yet aduentured the breaking downe of a wall out of an house ioyning to the gate at the bridge foote, whereby he might enter into the lea∣des ouer the gate, came downe into the lodge a∣bout .xj. of the clocke in the night, where he found the Porter in a slumber, and his wife with other waking, and watching ouer a cole, but beholding Wyat, they began sodainly to start as greatly a∣mazed. Whist quoth Wyat, as you loue your lyues sit still, you shall haue no hurt. Glad were they of that warrāt, and so were quiet and made no noyse.

Wyat and a fewe with him went forth as farre as the draw bridge: on the further side wher∣of, he saw the Lord Admirall, the Lorde Maior, sir Andrew Iudde, and one or two other in con∣sultation for ordering of the bridge, wherevnto he gaue diligent heede and care a good while, and not seene.

This done, he returned and sayde to some of his companie, this place sits is to hote for vs, and herevpon falling in counsaile what was best to doe, some gaue aduice that it shoulde bee good to returne to Greenwich, and so to passe the wa∣ter into Essex, whereby theyr companie as they thought, should encrease, and then assay to enter

into London by Algate, and some were of opi∣nion, that it were better to goe to Kingston vp∣pon Thames and so further west.

Other there were, among the whiche Sir Thomas Wyat himselfe was chiefe, woulde haue returned into Kent, to meete with the Lord of Burgueuenny, the Lorde Warden, the She∣rife, sir Thomas Moyle, sir Thomas Kempe, sir Thomas Finch, and others that were at Ro∣chester comming on Wyats backe, with a great [ 10] companie well appoynted, perswading hymselfe (whether truely or not I know not) that he should finde among them mo friendes than enimies, but whether his desire to returne into Kent grewe vpon hope he had to finde ayde there, or rather to shyft himselfe away, it was doubted of his owne companie, and some of them that knew him wel, (except they were much deceyued,) reported not long before theyr execution, that hys desyre to re∣turne into Kent, was onely to shyft hymselfe o∣uer [ 20] the sea.

The Lorde Warden being at Rochester (as ye haue heard) well furnished both with horse and men, perfitly appoynted to no small number, was willing to haue followed after Wyat, and to haue shewed his good will agaynste him in the Queenes quarell, but yet vpon deliberation had, and aduice taken wyth others that were there with him, he thought good first to vnderstande the Queenes pleasure, howe to proceede in his dea∣lings, [ 30] and herevpon he roade post to the Queene himselfe, leauing the Lord of Burgueuenny and the rest of the gentlemen with his and their bands behind vntill his returne.

Sunday the fourth of Februarie, the Lorde Admirall caused a strong ward of three hundred men to be kept on the bridge till eight of the clock at night, and then for their relief entred the watch of other three hūdred, so that the bridge was thus garded both daye and night, with three hundred [ 40] men in armour.

It troubled Wyat and all his companie ve∣rie sore, to see that London did so stiffely stande and holde out agaynst them, for in the assystance which they looked to haue had of that citie, al their hope of prosperous speede consysted: but now that they saw themselues greatly disappoynted there∣in, they ment yet to set all on a hazarde, and so the sixt of Februarie being shroue Tuesday, afore six of the clocke in the morning, they departed out [ 50] of Southwarke, marching directly towardes Kingstone, tenne myles distant from London, standing vpon the Thames, where they arryued about foure of the Clocke in the after Noone, and finding thirtie foote or there aboute of the Bridge taken away, sauing the Postes that were left standing, Wyat practised wyth two Ma∣riners to swimme ouer, and to conuey a barge to him, which the Mariners through great promi∣ses of preferment accordingly did, wherein Wiat and certaine with him were conueyed ouer, who in the meane time that the number of the soul∣diours bayted in the towne, caused the Bridge to be repayred with ladders, plankes and beames, the same being tyed togyther with Ropes and Boordes so as by tenne of the clocke in the night, it was in such plight, that both his Ordinaunce, and companyes of men might passe ouer wyth∣out perill & so about .xj. of the clocke in the same night, Wiat with his army passing ouer y^e bridge withoute eyther resystance or perill, and before it coulde bee once knowne at the Court, marched towardes London, meaning (as some haue written) to haue beene at the Court gate be∣fore day that morning: neuerthelesse before hee came within sixe myles of the Citie, staying vp∣pon a peece of his greate artillerie, whiche was dismounted by the way, his comming was dis∣couered before day, whereby the Earle of Pem∣brooke being Generall of the Queenes armie (as is before sayde) was with his men in good order of battaile in Saint Iames fielde besyde West∣minster, two or three houres before Wyat could reache thyther.

The Earle hauing vnderstanding by hys Espyalles, what waye Wyat woulde marche, placed his armie in this order. First, in a fielde on the West syde of Saint Iames were all his menne of Armes, and Demilaunces, ouer agaynst whome in the Lane next to the Parke, were placed all the lyght Horsemen. All which bandes of Horsemen were vnder the charge of the Lorde Clynton, being Marshall of the field. The greate Artellerie was planted in the myd∣dest and highest place of the Causey next to the house of Saint Iames, with certaine field peeces lying on the flanke of eche battaile.

After that both the Armyes were in sight, and that the great artillerie beganne to thunder from eyther syde, without harme (as it happened to either of both) Wyat perceyuing that he could not come vp the fore right way withoute greate disaduauntage, when he was come to the Parke corner, he leauing the Causey, swarned, and toke the nether way towarde Saint Iames, whiche being perceyued by the Queenes horsemen, who lay on eyther side of him, they gaue a sodayne charge, and deuided his battaile asunder hard be∣hinde Wyats Ensignes, whereby so many as were not passed before with Wyat, were forced to flie backe towardes Brainforde, and certaine of his companie which escaped the charge, pas∣sed by the backeside of Saint Iames towardes Westmynster and from thence to the Courte, and finding the Gates shut agaynst them, stayed there a while, and shotte off many arrowes into

the Wyndowes, and ouer into the Gardeyne, neuerthelesse withoute anye hurt there that was knowne: wherevpon the sayde Rebelles ouer whome one Kneuet was Captaine, perceyuing themselues to be too fewe to doe any great feate there, departed from thence to follow Wyat, who was gone before towardes London, and beeing on theyr way at Charing Crosse, were there encountered by Sir Henrie Ierningham Cap∣tayne of the Queenes Garde, Sir Edwarde [ 10] Bray maister of the Ordinaunce, and sir Phi∣lippe Parys Knightes, which were sent by the order of the Earle of Pembrooke with a bande of Archers, and certaine fielde peeces for the reskue of the Court, who encountered the sayde Re∣belles at Charing Crosse aforesayde, after they had discharged the fielde peeces vppon them, ioyned wyth those Rebelles, halfe armed, and halfe vnarmed, at the pushe of the Pyke, and verye soone dispersed theyr power, whereof some [ 20] fledde into the Lane towarde Saint Gyles, and some on the other syde by a Brewhouse towardes the Thames. In this conflict which was the chiefe tryall of that day, there was not founde slayne to the number of twentie of those Rebelles, whiche happened by reason that vp∣pon theyr ioyning wyth the Queenes Soul∣diours, the one parte coulde not bee discerned from the other, but onely by the myre and dyrt taken by the way, whiche stacke vppon theyr [ 30] Garments comming in the night: wherefore the cry on the Queenes part that day was. Downe with the Daggle tayles.

But nowe to returne to Wyat of whome ye heard before, howe being come to the Parke cor∣ner, and perceyuing the perill apparaunt, if hee shoulde haue marched strayght vpon the Earles battayles, which were raunged on eyther syde of the Cawsey, did therefore politiquely turne from the great Cawsey, marching along the Wall of [ 40] the house of Saint Iames towardes London, whiche coulde not haue beene wythout hys no little losse of many of his trayne, if those that hadde the charge on that syde the field, had beene as forwarde in seruice as the Earle with his bat∣taile, and the horsemen afore shewed themselues to be. Neuerthelesse Wyat following hys pur∣posed enterprice, which was to haue entered in∣to London, where he hoped of greate ayde, mar∣ched forward with the small companie that was [ 50] left hym, as farre as a common Inne called the Bel Sauage, nere to Ludgate, beleeuing to haue founde some ready there to haue receyued hym, wherein his hope was much deceyued, fynding the sayde Gate fast shutte, and strongly garded with a number, as well of most honest Citizens, as also of other bandes of the Queenes assured friendes. Wherevppon Wyat who commyng towardes the Citie, made himselfe sure of his en∣terprise, now desperate of the same, was faine to turne his face, retyring backe againe to Temple Barre, where he with the rest of his retinue de∣termyned (as it seemed) to trie theyr last for∣tune.

The Earle of Pembrooke (who all this while kept his force togither in the field) hearing of Wi∣ats approche to London sent to him an Herauld called Clarenseaux, with great communication to desyst from his rebellious enterprice. Which Herauld did his Message accordingly, albeit that some sayde he promised the sayde Wyat his par∣don, which shoulde not seeme to be true, as well for that the Heraulde had no such Commission, as also that it was not like, that the sayde Wyat being then disarmed of all his forces, would haue refused mercie in such a case. For true it is, that he with a verie fewe of his forlorne felowshippe, not manye aboue the number of one hundred persones, stoode still as menne amazed, at the Gate of the Temple Barre, tyll such tyme as Sir Maurice Barkeley Knight, by chaunce ry∣ding towardes London vpon hys Horse, wyth footecloth, without any armour, finding the sayd Wyat there, perswaded him to repayre to the Court, and to yeelde himselfe to the Queene, whose aduice he followed, and incontinent moū∣ted vppe on the sayde Sir Maurice Horse, be∣hinde hym, and so readie to the Courte volun∣tarily, and not forced by anye to yeelde himselfe Prisoner.

This comming of Wyat to the Court be∣ing so little looked for, was greate cause of re∣ioyce to such as of late before stoode in great feare of him. But more than maruayle it was to see that daye, the inuincible heart and constancie of the Queene hir selfe, who being by nature a wo∣man, and therefore commonlye more fearefull than men be, shewed hirselfe in that case more stoute than is credible. For shee notwithstan∣ding all the fearefull newes that were brought to hir that day, neuer abashed, in so muche that when one or two noble menne beeing hir Cap∣taynes, came wyth all haste to tell hir (though vntruely) that hir battayles were yeelded to Wyat, shee nothing mooued thereat, sayde it was theyr fonde opinion that durst not come neare to see the tryall, saying further, that shee hir selfe woulde enter the fielde to trye the truth of hir quarrell, and to dye wyth them that would serue hir, rather than to yeelde one iotte vnto suche a Traytour as Wyat was, and prepared hirselfe accordingly.

But by the apprehension of Wiat y^e voyage took none effect: for after his cōming to y^e court he

he was immediatly committed to the tower. As soone as the taking of Wyat was knowne, the armie (whereof mention is made before that laye in Saint Iames field) were discharged, and eue∣rie manne licenced to depart to his home. And forthwith Proclamation was made, as well in the Citie of London as in the suburbes of the same, that none vpon paine of death should keepe in his or theyr houses any of Wyats faction, but should bring them forth immediately before the [ 10] Lorde Maior and other the Queenes Iustices: by reason of which Proclamation a great multi∣tude of the sayd poore caytifs were brought forth, being so many in number, that all the prisons in London sufficed not to receyue them, so that for lacke of place, they were faine to bestowe them in diuerse Churches of the sayde Citie: and shortly after were set vp in London for a terrour to the common sort, (bycause the white coates beeing sent out of the Citie (as before ye haue heard) re∣uolted [ 20] from the Queenes parte, to the ayde of Wyat) twentie payre of Gallowes, on the which were hanged in seuerall places to the number of fiftie persons, which Gallowes remayned stan∣ding there a great part of the Sommer follo∣wing, to the greate griefe of good Citizens, and for example to the Commotioners.

The .xij. day of Februarie next following, the Ladie Iane of Suffolke, and the Lord Guil∣forde hir husband, who before (as you haue heard) [ 30] were attainted of treason, the one for the vsur∣pation of the estate royall as Queene, the other as a principall adherent to hir in that case, accor∣ding to the iudgement gyuen agaynst them, suffred execution of death, that is to witte, hee at the Tower hill vpon the Scaffolde, and shee within the Tower, whose deathes were the ra∣ther hastened, for that the Duke of Suffolke fa∣ther to this Ladie, had of late (as ye haue hearde) raysed a newe sturre and commotion in the [ 40] Countrey, which was the shortening of hir lyfe, who else was like ynough to haue beene pardo∣ned.

This noble yong Ladie endued with singu∣lar giftes both of learning and knowledge, as pa∣cient and milde as any lambe, came to the place of hir execution, and a little before hir death vt∣tered these woordes. Good people I am come hither to die, and by a lawe I am condemned to the same. My offence agaynst the Queenes [ 50] highnesse was onely in consent to the deuice of other, which nowe is deemed treason, but it was neuer of my seeking, but by counsail so those who shoulde seeme to haue further vnderstanding of things than I, whiche knewe little of the lawe, and much lesse of the tytles to the crowne. But touching the procurement and desire thereof by mee, or on my behalfe, I doe washe my handes in innocencie thereof before God, and the face of all you (good Christian people) thys daye, and therewith she wrung hir handes, wherein shee hadde hir Booke. Then sayde shee, I pray you all good Christian people, to beare me witnesse that I dye a true Christian woman, and that I looke to be saued by none other mea∣nes, but onelye by the mercie of God, in the bloud of hys onelye sonne Iesus Christ, and I confesse that when I did knowe the worde of God, I neglected the same, and loued my selfe and the worlde, and therefore this plague and punishment is iustly and woorthily happe∣ned vnto mee for my sinnes, and yet I thanke God of hys goodnesse, that hee hath gyuen mee a tyme and respyte to repente. And nowe good people, whyle I am aliue, I pray you assyst mee wyth your prayers: and then kneelyng downe, shee sayde the Psalme of Miserere mei Deus, in Englishe, and then stoode vppe and gaue hir Mayde (called mystresse Eleyne) hir Gloues and Handkercheffe, and hir Booke shee also gaue to Maister Bruges, then Lieutenaunt of the Tower, and so vntyed hir Gowne, and the executioner pressed to helpe hir off wyth it, but she desleed him to let hir alone, and turned hir to∣wardes hir two Gentlewomen, who helped hir off therewith, and with hir other attyres, and they gaue hir a fayre handkercheffe to put aboute hir eyes: Then the Executioner kneeled downe and asked hir forgiuenesse, whome shee forgaue moste willingly, then hee willed hir to stande vppon the strawe, which done, she saw the blocke, and then shee sayde I praye you dispatche mee quickly.

Then shee kneeled downe, saying, will you take it off before I laye mee downe? wherevn∣to the Executioner aunswered, no Madame: then tyed shee Handkercheffe aboute hir eyes, and feeling for the Blocke, shee sayde, where is it, where is it? One of the standers by guy∣ded hir therevnto, and shee layde downe hir heade vppon the Blocke, and then stretched foorth hir bodye and sayde, Lorde into thy han∣des I commende my spirite, and so finished hir lyfe, in thys yeare of our Lorde, one thousande fiue hundred fiftie and foure, the twelfth daye of Februarie.

The same day a little before this yong La∣dyes execution, the Lorde Guylforde hir hus∣bande who was a very comely tall Gentleman, being executed on the skaffold at the Tower hill as afore is sayde, his dead carkasse lying in a cart in straw, was again brought into the tower at y^e same instant y^t the lady Iane went to hir death within the Tower, before hir face, whiche mise∣rable

sight was to hir a double sorrow and grief.

Thus (as sayeth Maister Foxe) was behea∣ded the Ladie Iane, and with hir also the Lorde Guilford hir husband, one of the D. of Northū∣berlands sonnes, two inuocents in comparison of them that satte vpon them, for they did but ig∣norantly accept that which the others had wyl∣lingly deuised, & by open Proclamation consented to take from others, and giue to them. And verily howe vnwilling shee was to take it vppon hir, [ 10] there are yet luring that can testifie.

Iudge Morgan that gaue the sentence ogainst hir, shortly after fell mad, and in hys ra∣uing cryed continuallye to haue the Ladie Iane taken away from him, and so ended his life.

Vpon Saterday being the .xvij. of Februarye the Duke of Suffolke was arraigned at West∣minster, and there cōdemned to die by his Peeres, the Earle of Arundell being that day chiefe Iudge

Where some haue written that hee shoulde at [ 20] his laste going downe into the Countrey make Proclamation in his daughters name that is not so: for where as he stoode by in Leicoster when by his commaundement the Proclamation was there made against the Queenes maryage with the Prince of Spain. &c. Maister Damport then Maior of that towne saide to him: My Lorde I trust your grace meaneth no hurt to the Queenes Maiestie, no saith he M. Maior laying his hande on his sword) he that would hir any hurt, I wold [ 30] this sword were through his heart, for shee is the mercifullest prince, as I haue truely founde hir, y^t euer raigned, in whose defence I am and will be readie to die at hir foote.

On Monday the .xix. of Februarie, the Lorde Cobhams three sonnes, and four other mē were brought to Westminster, the yongest of the Cob∣hams, to witte, maister Thomas Cobham was condemned with the other four men, but the other two Cobhams came not to the b••••re.

Vppon the Wednesday the .xxj. of Februarie the Lord Thomas Gray that had bene taken (as before ye haue heard) in Wales, was brought to∣gither with sir Iames Croft through London to the tower, by a number of horsemen.

Vpon the Fridaye beeing the .xxiij. of Febru∣rie about .ix. of the clock the duke of Suffolk was broughte forth of the Tower vnto the Scaffolde on the Tower hill, and in his comming thyther, there accompanied him doctor Weston, as hys ghostly father, notwithstanding as it should seme against the will of the sayde Duke, for when the duke went vp to the skaffolde, the sayde Weston being on his left hand pressed to go vp with him, the Duke with his hande put him downe againe off the stayres, and Weston taking holde of the duke forced him downe likewise. And as they as∣cended the seconde time, the Duke again put him downe. Then Weston saide, that it was the Queenes pleasure be shoulde so do: wherwith the duke casting his handes abroade, ascended vp the skaffold, & paused a pretie while after. And then he said: Masters I haue offended the Queene & hir lawes, & therby am iustly condemned to die, & am willing to die, desiring al men to be obedient, and I pray God that this my death maye bee an example to all men, beseching you al to beare me witnesse that I die in the faith of Christ, trusting to be saued by his blood only (& by none other tru••••∣perie,) the which died for me, and for al them that do truly repent, & stedfastly trust in him. And I do repent, desiring you al to pray to god for me, that when ye see my breath depart frō me, you wil pray to god that he may receiue my soule, & thē he desired al men to forgiue him, saying y^t the queen had forgiuen him. Then M. Weston declared w^t a loud voice, y^t the Queenes ma. had forgiuē him, thē, diuers of the stāders by said w^t andible voice,

[illustration]

such forgiuenesse God sende thee, meaning Doc∣tor Weston.

Then the duke kneeled vppon his knees, and saide the Psalme Miserere mei Deus, vnto the end, belong vp his hands, and loking vp to hea∣uen. And when he had ended the Psalme, be said In manus tunt domine commendo spiritum meum. Then he arose and stoode vp, and deliuered his cap and skarfe to the executioner, and therwith the executioner kneeled downe, and asked the Duke [ 10] forgiuenesse, and the duke said, God forgiue thee, and I do: and when thou dost thine office, I pray ther do it quickely, and God haue mercie to thee. Then stood there a man and said, my Lorde how shall I do for the money y^t you do owe me? And the D. said, alas good fellow; I pray thee trouble me not now, but go thy way to my officers. Thē he knit a kercher about his face, and kneled down and said Our father which art in heauen. &c. vn∣to the ende, and then he saide, Christ haue mercie [ 20] vpon me, and layde down his head on the block, and the executioner tooke the Axe, and at the firste chop stroke off his head, & held it vp to the people.

Suche was the ende of this Duke of Suf∣folke, a man of high nobilitie by byrthe, and of nature to his friende gentle and courteous, more easie in deede to be led than was thought expedi∣ent, of stomacke neuerthelesse stoute and hardie, hastye and soone kindled, but pacified streight a∣gaine, and sorte if in his heate oughte had passed [ 30] him otherwise than reason might seeme to beare, vpright and plaine in his priuate dealings, no dissembler, nor wel able to beare iniuries, but yet forgiuing and forgetting the same, if the partie woulde seeme but to acknowledge his faint, and seke reconcilement. Bountifull hee was and very liberall, somewhat learned himselfe, and a greate fauorer of those that were learned, so that to ma∣ny he shewed himself a very Mecoenas, no lesse free ōco uetousnesse than voide of pride & disdainful [ 40] hautinesse of mind, more regarding plaine mea∣ning men, than claw back flatterers: and this ver∣tue hee had, hee coulde patiently heare his faultes told him, by those whom he had in credit for their wisedome & faithful meanings towards him, al∣though somtime he had not y^e hap to reforme him¦self therafter. Concerning this last offence for the which he died, it is to be supposed be rather toke in hand that vnlawfull enterprice through others perswasion than of his owne motion, for anye [ 50] malicious ambition in himselfe.

But nowe to let this duke reste with God, we will proceed with the storie. The same day (or as some haue noted the day before) a number of pri∣soners had their pardon, and came throughe the Citie with their halters about their neckes. They were in number aboue two hundred.

Vppon the Saterday, the .xxviij. of Februa∣rie, Sir William Sentlow was committed as prisoner to the master of the horse to be kept. This Sir William was at this time one of the Lady Elizabeths Gentlemen.

Vpon the Sunday being the .xxv. of Febru∣arie, Sir Iohn Rogers was committed to the Tower.

Vpon the Tuesday in the same weeke being the .xxvij. of Februarie, certaine Gentlemen of Kent were sente into Kent to bee executed there. Their names were their, the twoo Mantelles, two Knenettes, and Bret: with these maister Rudston also, and certaine other were condem∣ned and shoulde haue bene executed, but they had their pardon.

Sir Henrie Isley knight, Thomas Isleye his brother, and Walter Mantelle, suffred at Maydston, where Wyat first displayed hys Ba∣ner. Anthonie Kneuet and his brother William Kneuet, with an other of the Mantelles, were executed at Seuenocke: Bret at Rochester was hanged in Chaines.

On Saterday the thirde of Marche, Syr Gawen Carewe, and Maister Gibbes were brought through London to the Tower, wyth a companie of horsemen.

The fiftenth day of March next following, the Ladie Elizabeth the Queens sister, and next beyre to the Crowne, was apprehended at hir Manour of Ashridge, for suspition of Wyats conspiracie, and from thence (beeyng that time verie sicke) with great rigour broughte prysoner to London.

On the Sunday after beeing the .xvij. of March she was committed to the Tower, where also the Lord Courtney Erle of Deuonshire (of whō before is made mention) was for y^e like sus∣pition committed prisoner.

On Saterday next following being Easter euen, and the .xxiiij. of Marche, the Lorde Mar∣ques of Norhampton, the Lorde Cobham, & sir William Cobham his son & heire, were deliue∣red out of the Tower, where they had remained for a time, being committed thither vppon some suspition about Wyats rebellion.

And not long after Queene Marie partly of∣fended with the Londoners, as fauorers of Wi∣ats conspiracie, and partly perceiuing the more part of them nothing well inclined towards hir proceedings in Religion, which turned many of them to losse, sommoned a Parliament to be hol∣den at Oxforde, as it were to gratifie that Ci∣tie, which with the vniuersitie, town and Coun∣trey hadde shewed themselues verye forwarde in hir seruice, but speciallye in restoring of the Religion called Catholique, for which appoin∣ted Parliement there to bee holden, great pro∣uision was made, as well by the Queenes offi∣cers,

as by the Towne 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and inhabitauntes of the Countey 〈◊〉〈◊〉. But the Queenes mynde in thorte 〈…〉〈…〉, and the sense Parliament, was 〈…〉〈…〉 Apryll nexte following, wherein the Queene proponed two especiall matters, the one for the maryage to bee hadde betweene hir and the Prince Philip of Spaine: the other, for the re∣storing agayne of the Popes power and iu∣risdiction in Englande. As touching hir mari∣age, [ 10] it was with no greate difficultie agreed vp∣pon, but the other request coulde not bee easily obteyned.

The tenth day of Aprill following, Thomas Cranmax Archbishop of Canterburie, Nicholas Ridley Bishop of London, and Hugh Latimer once Bishop of Worcester, who had beene long prisoner in the tower, were nowe conuieyed from thence, and ca••••ed to Wyndsort, and afterwarde to the Vniuersitie of Oxforde, there to dispute [ 20] with the Diuines and learned men of the contra∣ry opinion.

Two dayes after their comming to Oxford, which was the .xij. day of the sayde moueth, dy∣uerse learned men of both the vniuersities were sent in commission from the Cōuocation (which during this Parliament was kepte in Paules Churche in London) to dispute wyth those pry∣soners, in certaine Articles of Religion. The names of them that were in Commission were [ 30] these following. Of Oxforde, Doctor Weston Prolocutor, Cole, Chedsey, Pie, Harpes••••elde, Smith. Of Cambridge, Yong, Seton, Watson, Atkinson, Theckuam, Sedgewike.

The .xiij. day of Aprill these disputers assem∣bled themselues in Saint Maries Churche, to conuent the three persones aboue named vpon certaine Articles of Religion, who being brought out of Prison before them, were seuerally one after another examined of theyr opinions, vpon [ 40] the articles proponed vnto them, whereof ye may read in the booke of Monuments of the Church, more at large, and there finde the whole procee∣ding in that matter.

Sir Thomas Wyat (of whome mention is made before) was aboute this tyme brought from the Tower to West mynster, and there ar∣raigned of high treason, the Earle of Sussex, sir Edwarde Hastings, and sir Thomas Corne∣wallis, with other being his Iudges. [ 50]

The effect of whose Inditement among o∣ther things specially was, that hee the fourtenth day of Februarie last before, with force of armed multitude and Ensignes displayed, hadde at Braynforde raysed open warres agaynst oure soueraigne Ladie the Queene, trayterously pre∣tending and practising to depryue hir of hir Crowne and dignitie, and the question was de∣maunded of him, whether he was guiltie or no? Whe•••••• hee stayed, and besought the Iudges that he myght fyrst asked question, before hee aunswerde directly to the poynt, and hee 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈…〉〈…〉 doe. The question was, •••• if hee shoulde confesse himselfe guiltye, whe•••• the sa•••• shoulde not bee preiuditiall vnto hym, so a•••• by that confession shoulde bee barred from 〈◊〉〈◊〉 suche thinges as hee hadde more to say: Wherevnto it was answered by the Court Maister Wyat (say do they) yee shall haue both leaue & do •••• to say what you can. Then my Lordes quoth ••••e) I muste confesse my selfe guiltie, and in the ende the truth of my case must enforce me. I must acknowledge this to be a iust plague for my sonnes, which most, grieuously I therefore haue committed against God, who suf∣fered me thus brutely and hastly to fall in to this horrible offence of the law wherfore aly on lords and gentlemen, with other hee present, note well my wordes••••o here and set in me the same ende. which all other commonly had, which haue at∣tempted lyke enterprise from the beginning▪ for pervse the Chronicles through, and you shall see that neuer Rebellion attempted by subiectes agaynst theyr Prince and Countrey, from the begynning did euer prosper, or had better suc∣cesse, except the case of King Henrie the fourth, who although he became a Prince, yet in hys acte was but a Rebell, for so must I call him, and though he prepayled for a tyme, yet was it not long but that his heyres were depryued, and those that had right agayne restored to the king∣dome and Crowne, and the vsurpation so sharp∣ly reuenged afterwarde in his bloud, as it well appeared, that the long delay of Gods venge∣aunce was supplyed with more grieuous plague in the thirde and fourth generation. For the loue of God all you Gentlemen that bee here present, remember and bee taught as well by examples past, as also by this my present infalicitie & moste wretched case. Oh most miserable, mischieuous, brutishe and beastlye furious ymaginations of mine. I was perswaded that by the maryage of the Prince of Spaine, the seconde person of thys Realme, and next heyre to the Crowne, shoulde haue beene in daunger, and that I being a free borne man, should with my Countrey haue beene brought into the bondage and seruitude of Aliens and straungers. Which brutishe beast∣lye opinion then seemed to mee reason, and wrought in mee suche effectes, that it ledde mee headlong into the practise of thys dete∣stable cryme of Treason. But nowe beeyng better perswaded, and vnderstanding the great commoditye and honour whiche the Realme should receyue by this maryage, I stande firme and fast in this opinion, that if it shoulde please

the Queene to be mercifull vnto me, thereis no subiect in this lande that shoulde more ••••aly and faythfully serue hir highnesse, than I shall, nor no sooner die at hir graces ferte in defence of hir qua∣rell, I serued hir highnesse agaynst the Duke of Northumberlande, as my Lorde of Arundell can witnesse, my Grandfather serued moste truely hir Graces grandfather, and for his sake was vp∣on the •…•…alke in the Tower. My father also serued King Henrie the eight to his good comentation, [ 10] and I also serued him, and King Edwarde hys sonne, & in witnesse of my bloud spent in his ser∣uice, I carie a name. I alledge not all this to set forth my seruice by way of merit, which I cōfesse but dutie: but to declare to the whole worlde, that by abusing my wittes in pursuing my misad∣uised opinion, I haue not onely ouerthrowne my house, and defaced all the well doinges of mee and my Auncestours (if euer there were anye) but also haue bene the cause of mine owne death [ 20] and destruction. Neither do I alledge this to iu∣stifie my selfe in any poynt, neither for an excuse of mine offence, but most humbly submit my selfe to the Queenes Maiesties mercie and pitie, desi∣ring you my Lorde of Sussex, and you maister Hastings, with all y^e rest of this honorable bench, to bee meanes to the Queenes highnesse for hir mercie, which is the greatest treasure that may be giuen to any Prince from God, such a vertue as God hath appropriate to himselfe, which if hir [ 30] highnesse vouchsafe to extende vnto me, she shall bestow it on him, who shall be most glad to serue truly, and not refuse to die in hir quarell: for I protest before the iudge of all iudges, I neuer ment hurt agaynst hir highnesse person.

Then sayde the Queenes attourney, master Wyat ye haue great cause to be sorie, and repeat for your fault, whereby you haue not onely vn∣done your selfe and your house, but also a num∣ber of other gentlemē, who being true men might [ 40] haue serued theyr Prince and Countrey: yet if you had gone no further, it might haue beene borne withall the better. But being not so con∣tented to stay your selfe, you haue so procured the Duke of Suffolke (a man soone trayned to your purpose) and his two brethren also, by mea∣nes whereof without the Queenes greater mer∣cie, you haue ouerthrowne that noble house, and yet not so stayed, your attempt hath reached as in you lay to the seconde person of the Realme, [ 50] in whome next to the Queenes highnesse resteth all our hope and comfort, whereby hir honour is brought in question, and what daunger will fol∣low, and to what ende it will come God know∣eth, of all this you are the authour.

Wyat answered: as I will not in any thing iustifie my selfe, so I beseech you, I being in thys wretched estate, not to ouercharge mee, nor to make me seeme to be that I am not. I 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to touch any person by maine, but that I haue writtē I haue written. Then sayde the Iudge maister Wiat, maister Attorney hath well moued you to repeat your offences, and we for our partes withe you the same.

Then sayde Sir Edwarde Hastings mai∣ster of the Queenes horse: maister Wiat, doe you remember when I and master Corn∣wallis, were sent vnto you from the Queenes highnesse, to demaund the cause of your enterprise, & what you required: were not these your demaunded, that the Queenes grace shoulde go to the town, and there remayne, and you to haue the rule of the tower, and hir person with the treasure in kee∣ping, and such of hir counsaile as you woulde re∣quire, to be deliuered into your hands, saying that you woulde bee trusted and not trust. Whiche woordes when Wyat had confessed, then sayde the Queenes Solicitor, your presumption was ouer great, and your attempt in thys case hath purchased you perpetuall infamie, and shall be called Wyats Rebellion, as Wacte Tylers was called Wacte Tylers Rebellion. Then sayde the Attourney, Maister Wyat were you not priuie to a deuice wherby the Queene should haue bene murthered, in a place where she should walke, I doe not burthen you to confesse this, for thus much I must say on your behalfe, that you mislyked that deuice: that (sayd Wyat was the deuice of William Thomas, whom euer af∣ter I abhorred for that cause. Then was a letter shewed, which Wyat being in Southwache had written to the duke of Suffolke, that he shoulde meete him at Kingstone bridge, and from thence to accompanie him to London, although he came with the fewer number. Wyat at the first did not seeme to remember any such letter, but when it was shewed him, he confessed his hande. Then was it demaunded of him among other things, why he refused the Quenes pardon, when it was offred him. My Lordes (quoth he) I confesse my fault and offence to be most vile & heynous, for the which first I aske God mercye, without the which I cannot chalenge any thing, such is my offence alreadie committed. And therefore I beseech you to trouble me with no more questi∣ons, for I haue deliuered al things vnto hir grace in writing. And finally here I must confesse, that of all the voyages, wherein I haue serued, thys was the most desperate, and paynefull iourney that euer I made. And where you asked why I did not receyue the Queenes pardon, when it was offered vnto mee, Oh vnhappie manne, what shall I saye, when I was once entered into thys diuerlishe desperate ad∣uenture, there was no waye but to wade throughe with that I hadde taken in hande

for I had thoughte that other had bin as farre forward as my selfe, whiche I founde farre o∣therwise so that beeing b〈…〉〈…〉 to keepe promise with all my confederates, now kepte promise with me, for I like a Moyle wēt through thick and thinne with this determination, that if I should come to any treatie I should seeme to bewraye all my friends.

But when to shuld I spend any more words, I yeld my self wholly vnto the Quenes mercy [ 10] knowing well that it is onely in hir power to make me (as I haue deserued) an open exam∣ple to the worlde with Wat Tyler, or else to make participāt of y^e pitie whiche she hath extended in as greate crimas as myne, moste humbly beseeching you all to be means for me to hir highnesse for mercy, which is my last and onely refuge: the will of God be done on me. Vpon this confession, without further trial be receiued the iudgement accustomed in cases of [ 20] treson, which was to be hāged, drawn & quar∣tred, and the .xj. day of April next folowing, he was brought to the Tower hill, and there was pardoned of his drawing & hanging, but had his head stricken off, and his body cut in foure quarters, & set vp in diuers places about the ci∣tie, and his head was set vpon the gallows at Hay hill beside Hide Parke.

But here by the way is to be noted, that he being on the seaffold ready to suffer, declared y^t [ 30] the Ladie Elizabeth and sir Edward Court∣ney Erle of Deuonshire, whom he had accused before (as it semed) were neuer priuie to his do∣ings, as far as he knewe, or was able to charge them.

And when Doctor Weston, being then his confessor told him that he had confessed the cō∣trary vnto the counsell, he answered thus, that I sayd then, I said, but that which I say nowe is true. This was the end of Wiat and hys [ 40] conspiracie.

The seuententh day of Aprill nexte follo∣wing, Sir Nicholas Throckmorcon Knight, was brought from the Tower to Guild Hall in London, and there araigned of high Trea∣son, as adherente and principall counsellor to the said Wyat and the D. of Suffolke, and the rest in the afore remembred conspiracy against the Queene, but he so stoutely, and therewithall so cunningly aunswered for himselfe, as well [ 50] in cleering of his cause, as also in defendyng and auoyding such pointes of the lawes of the Realme, as were there alledged against hym, that the quest whiche passed vppon his life and deathe found him not giltie, with which ver∣dite, the Iudges and Counsellores there present were so muche offended, that they bounde the Iury in the summe of fiue hundred pounde a peece, to appeare before the Counsell in the Starre Chamber, at a day appoynted, and ac∣cording to their bonde, they appeared there be∣fore the sayd Counsell vpon Wednesday, bee∣ing the one and twentith of Aprill, and Saint, Markes day. From whence after certaine •…•…ue∣stioning, they were committed to ••••ison, E∣manuell Lucar and maister Whe•…•…ston to the Tower, and the other to the Fl••••••e.

But nowe for asmuche as a copy of the or∣der of Sir Nicholas Throck••••••tōs arraign∣ment bothe come to my handes, and that the same may giue some light to the history of that dangerous rebelliō, I haue thought it not im∣pertinent to insert the same not wishing that it shoulde bee offensiue to any, sith it is in e∣uery mans libertie, to way his wordes vttered in his owne defence, and likewise the dooings of the queste in acquityng hym, as maye seeme good to their discretions, sith I haue deliuered the same as I haue found it, without preiudi∣cing anye mans opinion, to thinke thereof o∣therwise, than as the cause maye moue him.

¶The order of the araigne∣mente of Sir Nicholas Throcke∣morton Knight, in the Guild Hall of London the seuententh day of April, 1554. expressed in a Dialogue for the better vnderstanding of e∣uery mans parte.

The names of the commis∣sioners.

• SIr Thomas White Knight Lord Maior of London.
• The Earle of Shrewsbury.
• The Earle of Darby.
• Sir Thomas Bromley Knyght Lorde chiefe Iustice of Englande.
• Sir Nicholas Hart Knyght, Mayster of the tolles.
• Sir Frauncis Englesselde Knight Maister of the courte of Wardes and Liberties.
• Sir Richarde Southwell Knight, one of the priuie counsell.
• Sir Edwarde Walgrane Knight, one of the priuy counsell.
• Sir Roger Cholmeley Knight.
• Sir Wyllyam Portemein Knyght, one of the Iustices of the Kings benche.
• Sir Edwarde Saunders Knight, one of the Iustices of the common place.
• ...
  Sergeants.
  • Maister Stanford.
  • Maister Dyer.
• Maister Edward Griffin attourney generall.
• ...
  Clerkes of y^e Crowne.
  • ...

• ...
  • Maister Sendall,
  • Peter Tichbourne, Clerkes of y^e Crowne.

Firste, after Proclamation made, and the commissiō red the Lieutenant of the Tower, master Tho. Bridges, brought the prisoner to the barre, then silence was commaunded, and Sendall said to the prisoner as foloweth.

Sendall.

Nicholas Throckmorton Knighte hold vp thy hande, thou art before this time in dired of high treason. &c. that thou then and there didst [ 10] falsly and traiterously, &c. conspire & imagine the death of the Queenes maiestie. &c. and falsly and trayterously didst leuie warre againste the Q. within hir Realm. &c. and also, thou wast adherente to the Queenes enimies within hir Realm giuing to them ayde & comfort. &c. and also falsly and trayterously didst conspire and intend to depose and depriue the Q. of hir roy∣al estate, and so finally destroy hir. &c. and also, thou didst falsly and traiterously deuise and [ 20] conclude to take violently the Tower of Lō∣don. &c. of al which treasons and euery of thē in maner & forme. &c. art thou giltie or not giltie?

Throckmor.

May it please you my Lords and maisters, which be authorised by the Queenes commis∣sion to be Iudges this day, to giue me leaue to speake a fewe words, which doth both cōcerne you and me before I aunswere to the endite∣ment, and not altogithers impertinente to the matter, and then pleade to the euditemente. [ 30]

Bromley.

No, the order is not so, you must first pleade whethether you be giltie or no.

Throckmor.

If that be your order and law, iudge accor∣dingly to it.

Hare.

You must firste aunswer to the matter wherwith you are charged, and thē you may talke at your pleasure.

Throckmor.

But things spoken out of place, wer as good not spoken.

Bromley.

These bee but delayes to spende time, therfore answere as the law wisleth you.

Throckmor.

My Lords, I pray you make not too muche [ 40] hast with me, neither thinke not long for your diner, for my case requireth leysure, & you haue wel dined when you haue done iustice truely. (Christ said) Blessed are they that hunger and thirst for righteousnesse.

Bromley.

I can forbeare my dinner as well as you, & care as little as you peraduenture.

Shrewsbury

Come you hither to checke vs Throckmor∣ton? wee will not bee so vsed, no no, I for my parte haue forborne my breakfast, dinner, and [ 50] supper to serue the Queene.

Throckmor.

Yea my good Lord I know it right wel, I meant not to touche your Lordship, for youre seruice & paines is euidently knowen to al mē.

Southwell.

M. Throckmorton, this talke neede not, we know what we haue to doe, & you would teach vs our duties, you hurt your mater, go to go to

Throckmor.

M. Southwel, you mistake me, I ment not to teach you, nor none of you, but to remember you of that I trust you al be well instructed in, & so I sarilly myselfe, since I shuld not speake, thinking you all know what you haue to doe, or ought to know, to I wil aunswer to the in∣••••ment, and do pleade not guiltie to y^e whole, an di•••• euery part thereof.

Sendall.

How will thou bett〈…〉〈…〉?

Throckmor

Shal I be tried as I would, or as I shuld?

Bromley.

You shald tried as the law wil, and there∣fore you must say by God and by y^e Countrey.

Throckmor.

Is that your law for me? it is not as I wold, but since you wil haue it so, I am pleased with it, and do desire to be tried by faithfull iust mē, which more feare God than the world.

Then the Iury was called.

The names of the iurours.

• Lucar.
• Yong.
• Martyn.
• Beswike.
• Bascarfeld
• Kightley.
• Lowe.
• Whetston.
• Painter.
• Bankes.
• Calt•…•…rop.
• Caser.

What time the atturney went forthwith to M. Cholmley, and shewed him the Sheriffes returne, who being aquainted with y^e Citizens knowing the corruptions & dexterities of them in such cases, noted certaine to be chalenged for the Q. (a rare case) & same mē being knowē to be sufficient and indifferent, that no excepti∣ons were to be takē to them, but only for their vpright honesties, notwithstanding, the attur∣ney prompting sergeant Dier, the saide serge∣ant chalenged one Bacon, and another Citizē peremptorily for the Q. Then the prisoner de∣manded the cause of the chalenge, the sergeante aunswered, we neede not shew you the cause of the chalenge for the Q. Then the inquest was furnished with other honest mē, that is to say, Whetstō and Lucar, so the prisoner vsed these words.

Throckmor.

I trust you haue not prouided for me this day as in times past I knew another Gē∣tleman occupying this wofull place was pro∣uided for. It chanced one of the Iustices vpon ielousie of the prisoners acquitall, for the good∣nesse of his cause, said to another of his compa∣nions a iustice, when the iury did appeare. I like not this iury for our purpose, they seeme to be too pitiful and too charitable to condemne y^e prisoner, no no said y^e other iudge (viz. Cholm∣ley) I warrāt you, they be picked fellowes for y^e nonce, he shal drink of y^e same cup his felows haue don, I was thē a loker on of y^e pageāt as others be now here. But now wo is me, I am a player in y^t woful tragedie. Well, for these & such other like y^e black oxe hath of late trodē on some of their feet. But my trust is, I shall not be so vsed.

Whylest this talke was, Cholme∣ley consulted with the Atturney aboute the Iury, which the prisoner espied, and then sayde as heere ensueth,

Ah ah maister Cholmeley,

will this foule packing neuer be left.

Chomeley.

Why what do I. I pray you, M. Throck∣mortō, I did nothing, I am sure, you do picke quarrels to me.

Throckmor.

Well maister Cholmeley if you do well, it is better for you, God help you.

The iury then was sworne, and proclamation made, that whosoeuer woulde giue euidence againste Sir Nicholas Throckmorton Knight, shoulde come in and be heard, for the prisoner stood vp [ 10] on his deliuerance, where vpon ser∣geant Stanford presented hymselfe to speake.

Throckmor.

And it may please you maister sergeante and the others my maisters of the Queenes ler∣ned Counsell, like as I was minded to haue saide a fewe words to the Commissioners, if I mighte haue had leaue for their better remem∣brance of their dueties in this place of iustice, and concerning direct indifferency to bee vsed [ 20] towards me this day: so by your parience I do thinke good to say somewhat to you, and to the rest of the Queenes learned Counsell, appoin∣ted to giue euidence againste mee. And albeit you and the rest by order be appointed to gyue euidence againste me, and enterteyned to sette forth the depositions and matter against mee, yet I pray you remember I am not alienate from you, but that I am youre Christian bro∣ther, neither you so charged, but you ought to [ 30] consider equitie, nor yet so priuiledged, but that you haue a duetie of God appoynted you how you shal do youre office, whiche if you exceede, wil be greeuously required at youre handes, it is lawfull for you to vse your giftes, whiche I know God hathe largely giuen you, as youre learning, arte, and eloquence, so as thereby you do not seduce the minds of the simple and vn∣learned Iury, to credite matters otherwise thā they be. For maister sergeant, I knowe howe [ 40] by perswasions, enforcements, presumptions, applying, implying, inferring, coniecturing, deducing of argumentes, wresting and excee∣ding the law, the circumstances, the depositiōs and confessions that vnlearned men maye bee inchanted to thinke and iudge those that bee things indifferente, or at the worst but ouer∣sights to be great treasons, such power orators haue, and suche ignorance the vnlearned haue. Almighty God by the mouth of his Prophete, [ 50] doth conclude such aduocates bee cursed, spea∣king these words, Cursed bee hee that doth his office craftily, corruptly, and malitiously. And consider also, that my bloud shal be required at your hands, and punished in you and yours, to the third and fourth generation. Notwithstā∣ding, you and the Iustices excuse always such erronions doings, when they be after called in question by the verdict of the twelue men: but I assure you, the purgation serueth you as it did Pilate, and you washe your handes of the bloudshed, as Pilate did of Christs. And now to your matter.

Stanford.

And it please you my Lords, I doubt not to proue euidently and manifestly, that Throck∣morton is worthely and rightly indicted and araigned of these treasons, and that he was a principall deuiser, procurer, and contriuer of the late Rebellion, and that Wyat was but his minister, how say you Throckmorton, dyd not you send Winter to Wyat into Kent, and did deuise that the Tower of London shoulde be taken, with other instructions concernyng Wyats sturre and Rebellion?

Throckmor.

May it please you that I shall aunswer per∣ticularly to the matters obiected against me, in asmuche as my memorie is not good, and the same much decayed since my greeuous empri∣sonment, with want of sleepe, and other dis∣quietnesse: I confesse I did say to Winter that Wyat was desirous to speake with him, as I vnderstoode.

Stanford.

Yea sir,and you deuised togither of the ta∣king of the Tower of London, and of the o∣ther great treasons.

Throckmor.

Nor, I did not so, proue it.

Stanford.

Yes sir, you met with Winter sundry times as shall appeare, and in sundry places.

Throckmor.

That granted, proueth no such matter as is supposed in the enditement.

Stanford red Winters confession, whyche was of this effect, that Throckmorton mette with Winter one day in Tower streets, and told him, that Sir Thomas Wyat was desi∣rous to speake with him, and Winter deman∣ded where Wyat was, Throckmorton aun∣swered,

at his house in Kente, not farre from Gillingham, as I heard say, where the Shyps lye.

Then they parted at that time, and short∣ly after, Throckmorton met with Winter, vn∣to whome Winter sayd, maister Wyat do the muche mislike the cōming of the Spanyardes into this Realme, and feareth their short arri∣uall heere, in asmuch, as dayly he heareth ther∣of, dothe see dayly diuers of them arriue heers, scattered like souldyers, and therefore hee thin∣keth good the Tower of London should be ta∣ken by a sleighte, before the Prince came, least that peece be deliuered to y^e Spanyards. How say you Throckmorton to it. Throckmorton aunswered. I mislike it for diuers respects: e∣uen so do I sayde Winter. At another tyme Throckmorton mette me the sayd Winter in Poules, when hee had sent one to my house to seeke me before, and he said to me, you are Ad∣mirall of y^e fleete that now goeth into Spaine▪

I aunswered yea, Throckmorton saide, when will your shippes be ready, I saide within tenne dayes, Throckmorton sayde, I vnderstand you are appoynted to conduct and cartie the Lorde priuie seale into Spayne, and considering the daunger of the Frenchmen, which you say arme them to the Sea apace, me thinke it well done, you put my saide Lorde and his traine on lande in the West Countrey to auoyde all dausigers. Throckmorton saide also, that Wyat changed [ 10] his purpose, for taking the Tower of London, I said I was glad of it, and as for the Frenchmē, I care not muche for them, I will so handle the matter, that the Queenes Shippes shall bee I warrante you in safegard. Another time, I met with M. Throckmorton when I came from the Emperours Ambassadors, vnto whome I de∣clared, that the Emperour had sente mee a fayre cheyne, and shewed it vnto Throckmorton, who said, for this cheine you haue sold your Country, [ 20] I saide it is neyther French K. nor Emperoure that can make me fell my Countrey, but I will be a true Englishmā: thē they parted. This is y^e summe of y^e talke betwixt Throck. and Winter.

Standford.

Now my masters of the Iury, you haue heard my sayings confirmed with Winters confessi∣on, how say you Throckmorton, can you denie this, if you will, you shall haue Winter iustifie it to your face.

Throckmor.

My Lords, shal it please you y^t I shal answer. [ 30]

Bromley.

Yea, say your mind.

Throckmor.

I may truely denye some part of this confes∣sion, but bycause ther is nothing material great∣ly, I suppose y^t whole be true, and what is here∣in deposed, sufficiente to bring me within the cō∣pas of the enditement?

Stanford.

It appeareth y^t you were of coūsel w^t Wyat, in asmuch as you sente Winter downe to him, who vttered vnto him diuers traiterous deuises.

Throckmor.

This is but coniectural, yet sithence you will [ 40] construe so malitiously, I will recompte how I sent Winter to Wyat, and then I pray you of the Iury, iudge better than maister Sergeante doth. I met by chance a seruant of maister Wy∣ats, who demanded of me for Winter, and she∣wed mee, that his maister woulde gladly speake with him, and so without any further declara∣tion, desired me if I met Winter to tel him ma∣ster Wyats mind, and where he was. Thus much for the sendyng downe of Winter. [ 50]

Attourney.

Yea sir, but how say you to the taking of the Tower of London, which is treason?

Throckmor.

I aunswere, though Wyat thought meete to attempte so daungerous an enterprise and that Winter enformed me of it, you cannot extende Wyats deuises to be mine, & to bring me within the compas of treason, for what maner of reaso∣ning or proofe is this, Wyat woulde haue taken the Tower, Ergo, Throckmorton is a Traytor•…•… Winter dothe make my purgation in his owne confession, euen now redde as it was by Maister Sergeante, though I say nothing, for Winter doth auow there, that I did much mislike it, and bycause you shal the better vnderstand that I did alwayes not alow these master Wyats deuises, I had these words to Winter, whē he reformed me of it, I think M. Wyat would no English∣man hurt, & this enterprise cannot be done with∣out the hurt and slaughter of both parties, for I know him y^t hath the charge of the peece, and his brother, both men of good seruice, the one had in charge a peece of great importance, Bolloyne I meane, which was stoutely assayled, & notwith∣standing, hee made a good accompt of it for hys time, that like I am sure hee will doe by this hys charge. Moreouer, to accompte the taking of the Tower, is very dangerous by y^e law. These wer my wordes to Winter. And besides, it is very vnlike that I of all men woulde confederate in such a matter against the Lieutenant of y^e To∣wer, whose daughter my brother hath maryed, & his house and mine alyed togithers by mariage sundry times within these few yeres.

Hare.

But how say you to this, that Wyat & you had conference togither sundrye times at War∣ners house, and in other places?

Throckmor.

This is a very general charge to haue confe∣rēce, but why was it not as lawful for me to cō∣ferre with Wiat, as with you, or any other mā? I then knew no more by Wyat, than by any o∣ther, & to proue to talke with Wyat, was lawful and indifferent: the last day that I did talke with Wyat, I sawe my Lord of Arondel, with other noble men and Gentlemen talke with him fami∣liarly in the chamber of presence.

Hare.

But they did not conspire nor talke of any stur against the Spanyards as you did pretend, and meante it againste the Q. for you, Croftes, Ro∣gers, & Warner, did oftentimes deuise in War∣ners house aboute youre trayterous purposes, or else what did you so often there?

Throckmor.

I confesse I did mislike the Queenes marri∣age with Spaine, and also y^e cōming of y^e Spa∣nyards hither, and then me thought I had reason to doe so, for I did learne the reasons of my mi∣sliking of you M. Hare, M. Southwell & others in the Parliament house, there I did see y^e whole consent of y^e realm against it, and I a hearer, but no speaker, did learne my misliking of those mat∣ters, confirmed by many sundry reasons amōgst you: but as concerning any stucre or vprore a∣gainst the Spanyards, I neuer made any, ney∣ther procured any to be made, and for my much resort to M. Warners house, it was not to con∣ferre with M. Wyat, but to shew my friendship to my very good L. the Marques of Northamp∣ton,

who was lodged ther whē he was inlarged.

Stanford.

Did not you Throckmor. tell Winter that Wyat had changed his mind for y^e taking of the Tower? whereby it appeared euidently that you knew of his doings.

Throckmor.

Truely I did not tell him so, but I care not greately to giue you that weapon to play you withal, now let vs see what you can make of it.

Stanford.

Yea sir, that proueth that you were priuie to Wiats mind in al his deuises and treasons, and [ 10] that there was sending betwixt you and Wyat from time to time.

Throckmor.

What M. sergeant, doth this proue againste me, that I knew Wyat did repent him of an e∣uil deuised enterprise? is it to know Wiats repē∣tance sinne? no, it is but a venial sinne, if it be a∣ny it is not deadly. But where is the messenger or message y^t Wyat sente to me touching his al∣teration, & yet it was lawfull ynough for me to heare from Wyat at that time, as frō any other [ 20] man, for any acte that I knew he had done.

〈◊〉〈◊〉

And it may please you my Lordes, and you my maisters of the Iurie, to proue that Throk∣mertō is a principall doer in this Rebelliō, there is yet many other things to be declared, amōgst other, there is Croftes cōfessiō, who sayeth, y^t he and you and your accōplices, did manye times deuise aboutes the whole matters, and hee made you priuie to all his determinations, and you shewed him that you woulde goe into the West [ 30] Countrey with the Earle of Deuon. to Sir Peter Caroe, accompanyed with others.

Throckmor.

M. Croftes is yet liuing, and is here this day, how hapneth it he is not broughte face to face to to iustifie this matter, neither hath bin of al this time? wil you knowe y^t trueth? either he sayd not so, or he wil not abide by it, but honestly hath re∣formed himself. And as for knowing his deuises, I was so well aquainted with them, that I can name none of them, nor you neyther as matter [ 40] knowen to mee.

〈…〉〈…〉ey.

But why did you aduise Winter to land my Lord priuie seale in the West Countrey?

Throckmor.

He y^t told you that my mind was to land him there, doth partly tel you a reason why I said so, if you would remēber as well the one as y^e other, but bycause you are so forgetfull, I will recite wherefore: In communicatiō betwixt Winter & me, as he declared to me y^t the Spanyards pro∣uided to bring their Prince hither, so the French∣men [ 50] prepared to interrupte his arriuall, for they began to ariue to the sea, and had already cer∣tain Shippes on the West cost (as he heard) vnto whome I saide, that peraduenture not onely the Queenes shippes vnder his charge mighte bee in ieoperdy, but also my Lorde priuie seale, and all hys trayne, the Frenchmen beeing wel prepared to meete with them, and therefore for all euents it were good you should put my said Lord in the West Countrey in case you espie any ieoperdie: but what doth this proue to y^e treasons, if I were not able to giue conuenient reasons to my talke?

Stanford.

Mary sir now commeth the proofes of youre treasons, you shal heare what Cutbert Vaugh∣han sayth against you.

Then sergeant Stanford did reade Vaugh∣hans cōfessiō, tēding to this effect. That Vaugh∣han cōming out of Kēt, met with Throckmor. at M. Warners house, who after he had don cō∣mendatiōs from Wyat to him, desired to know wher Crofts was, Throckmor. answered, either at Arundel house wher he lodgeth, or in Poules. Then Vaughan desired to knowe how thyngs went at London, saying, M. Wyat and wee of Kent do much mislike y^e mariage with Spaine, & the comming of the Spanyardes for diuers re∣spectes, howbeit, if other countries mislike thē as Kēt doth, they shall be but hardly welcome, & so they parted. Shortly after, Throckmor. met w^t Vaughhan in Powles, vnto whome Throck∣mor. declared with sundry circumstances, that y^t Westerne men were in readinesse to come for∣wards, & that sir Peter Caroe had sent vnto him euen now, & that he had in order a good hand of horsemen, & an other of footemen: then Vaugh∣han demanded what the Erle of Deuon. woulde doe, Throckmor. answered he will marre all, for he wil not goe hence, & yet sir Peter Caroe wold mete him with a band, both of horsemen & foote∣mē, by the way at Andeuer for his safegard, and also he should haue bin well accompanyed from hence with other Gentlemē, yet all this wyl not moue him to departe hence. Moreouer, the sayde erle hath as is said, discouered al y^e whole mat∣ter to the Chancellor, or else it is comen out by his Taylor, aboute the trimming of a shirte of maile, & the making of a cloke. At another time, Vaughan saith Throckmor. shewed him that he had sente a post to Sir Peter Caroe to come forwarde with as muche speede as might be, & to bring his force with him. And also Throckmor. aduised Vaughan to will M. Wiat come for∣ward with his power, for nowe was the time, in asmuch as the Londoners would take his part if the matter were presented to thē. Vaughan said also, that Throckmor. and Warner should haue ridden with the said Erle Westward. Moreo∣uer, the said Vaughā deposed, that Throckmor. shewed him in talke of the Erle of Pembroke, y^t the saide Earle woulde not fight against them, though hee woulde not take their partes. Also Vaughan said, that Throckmor. shewed hym y^t he would ride downe into Barkeshire to sir Frā∣cis Englefieldes house, there to meete his eldest brother, to moue him to take his part. And thys was y^e summe of Cutbert Vaughans cōfession.

Stanford.

How say you, doth not heere appeare euident matter to proue you a principall, who not onely

gaue order to sir Peter Carde & his adherēts, for their rebellious actes in the West Countrey, but also procured Wyat to make his Rebellion, ap∣pointing him & the others also when they should attempt their enterprise, & how they should order their doings from time to time. Besides all this euident matter, you were specially appoynted to goe away with the Earle of Deuon as one that would direct all things, and giue order to al mē, and therefore Throckmor, since this matter is so [ 10] manifest, and the euidence so apparant, I would aduise you to cōfesse your fault, and submit your selfe to the Queenes mercy.

Bromley.

Howe say you, will you confesse the matter, and it will be best for you.

Throckmor.

No, I wil neuer accuse my selfe vniustly, but in asmuche as I am come hither to bee tryed, I pray you let me haue the law fauourably.

Attourney.

Is it apparant that you lay at London as a factor to giue intelligence as well to them in the [ 20] West, as to Wyat in Kent.

Throckmor.

How proue you that, or who doth accuse mee but this condemned man.

Attourney.

Why will you denie this matter, you shall haue Vaughan iustifie his whole confession here before your face.

Throckmor.

It shal not need, I know his vnshame fastnes, he hath aduowed some of this vntrue talk before this time to my face, & it is not otherwise like, considering y^e price, but he will do y^e same again. [ 30]

Attourney.

My L. and maisters, you shall haue Vaugh∣han to iustifie this heere before you all, and con∣firme it with a booke oth.

Throckmor.

He that hath said and lyed, will not being in this case sticke to sweare and lie.

Then was Cutbert Vaughan brought in∣to the open Court.

Sendall.

How say you Cutbert Vaughan, is this your owne confession, and wil you abide by all that is here written? [ 40]

Vaughan.

Let me see it and I will tell you.

Then his confession was shewed him.

Attourney.

Bycause you of y^e Iury the better may credite him. I pray you my lords let Vaghā be sworne.

Then was Vaughan sworne on a booke to say nothing but the trueth.

Vaughan.

It may please you my lords and maisters, I could haue bin well content to haue chose seauen yeres imprisonment. though I had bin a free mā in y^e law, rather than I would this day haue gy∣uen [ 50] euidence against sir Nicholas Throckmor. vnto whome I beare no displeasure: but sithence I must needes confesse my knowledge, I must confesse al y^e is there written is true, how say you M. Throck. was there any displeasure betwene you & me to moue me to say aught against you?

Throckmor.

No y^t I know, how say you Vaughan, what acquaintance was there betwene you and me, & what letters of credit, or token did you bring me frō Wiat, or any other to moue me to trust you.

Vaughan.

As for aquaintance, I knew you as I did o∣ther Gentlemen, & as for letters, I broughte you none other, but cōmendatiōs frō M. Wiat, as I did to diuers other of his acquaintāce at Lōdon.

Throckmor.

You might as well forge the cōmendatiōs as the rest, but if you haue done with Vaughā my lords, I pray you giue mee leaue to aunsweare.

Bromley.

Speake and be short.

Throckmor.

I speake generally to all y^e be heere present,but specially to you of my Iury, touching y^e credit of Vaughās depositions against me, a condemned man: & after to the matter: & note I pray you the circumstāces, as somewhat material to induce y^e better. First I pray you remēber y^e smal famili∣aritie betwixt Vaughan & me, as be hathe auo∣wed before you. And moreouer, to procure cre∣dite at my hād, brought neither letter nor token frō Wiat, nor frō any other to me, which he also hath confessed here: and I will suppose Vaughā to be in as good condition as any other mā here, that is to say, an vncōdemned man, yet I referre it to your good iudgement whether it were lyke y^t I knowing onely Vaughans person from an other mā, & hauing none other acquaintance w^t him, would so frankly discouer my mind to him in so dangerous a matter. How like I say is this whē diuers of these Gentlemen now in captiui∣tie, being my very familiars, coulde not depose any such matter against me, and neuertheles vp∣pon their examinations, haue saide what they could. And though I be no wise man, I am not so rash to vtter to an vnknowē man (for I may call him in comparison) a matter so dangerous for me to speake, & him to heare, but bycause my trueth & his falsehood shall the better appeare vn∣to you, I will declare his inconstancy in vtte∣ring this his euidence, and for my better credite, it may please you M. Southwell, I take you to witnes, whē Vaughan first iustified this his vn∣iust accusation against me before the L. Paget, the L. Chamberlaine, you M. Southwell & o∣thers, he referred the confirmatiō of this his sur∣mised matter, to a letter sent frō him to sir Tho. Wyat, which letter doth neither appeare, nor a∣ny testimonie of the said M. Wyat against mee touching the matter, for I doubte not sir Tho. Wyat hath bin examined of me, and hathe sayde what he could directly or indirectly. Also Vaughā saith, y^e yong Edw. Wyat could confirme thys matter, as one y^t knewe this pretended discourse betwixt Vaughā and me, and thervpon I made sute y^t Edw. Wiat might either be brought face to face to me, or otherwise be examined.

Southwell

M. Thockmor. you mistake your matter,for Vaughan said, y^e Edw. Wyat did know some part of the matter, and also was priuie of y^e letter that Vaughan sent sir Tho. Wyat.

Throckmor.

Yea sir, that was Vaughans last shift, when

I charged him before y^e master of y^e horse, & you w^t his former allegatiōs touching his witnes, whom when hee espyed, woulde not doe so lewdly as hee thought, then he vsed this alteration: but where is Edw. Wiats depositiōs of any thing against me, now it appeareth neither his firste nor his last tale to be true. For you knowe M. Bridges, & so doth my L. your brother, that I desired twice or thrice Ed. Wiat shuld be examined, & I am sure, & most assured he hathe bin willed to say what he could, & [ 10] here is nothing deposed by him against me, eyther touching any letter or other conference: or where is Vaughās letter sent by sir Tho. Wyat cōcerning my talke?

But now I will speake of Vaughans present estate in that hee is a condemned man, whose te∣stimonie is nothing worthe by any lawe, and by∣cause false witnes be mentioned in y^e Gospel, trea∣ting of accusatiō, hearke I pray you what S. Ie∣rome sayeth, expounding y^e place: it is demaunded [ 20] why Christes accusers bee called false witnesses, which did report christs words not as he spake thē, they be false witnes saith S. Ierome, which do ad, alter, wrest, double, or do speake for hope to auoid death, or for malice to procure an other mās death: for al mē may easily gather he cānot speake truely of me, or in the case of another mans life, where he hath hope of his owne by accusation. Thus much speaketh S. Ierome of false witnes. By the ciuill law there be many exceptiōs to be taken agaynst [ 30] such testimonies, but bycause we be not gouerned by y^e law, neither I haue my trial by it, it shalbe su∣perfluous to trouble you therewith, & therefore you shall heare what your owne lawe doth say. There was a statute made in my late soueraigne L. and maister his time, touching accusation, and these be the words.

Be it enacted, that no person nor persons. &c. shalbe indited, araigned, condēned, or conuicted for any offence of treason, petit treason, misprision of [ 40] treason, for which y^e same offendor shal suffer any paynes of death, imprisonment, losse or forfeyture of his goodes, lands. &c. vnlesse the same offendor be accused by two sufficient and lawful witnesses, or shall willingly without violēce confesse y^e same. And also in the sixth yere of his raigne, it is thus ra∣tified as ensueth.

That no person nor persons shall bee indited, araigned, condemned, conuicted or attainted of the treasons or offences aforesaide, or for anye [ 50] other treasons that nowe bee, or heereafter shall be, vnlesse the same offendor or offendors be there∣of accused by two lawfull and sufficient accusers, whiche at the time of the araignement of the par∣ties so accused (if they be thē liuing) shalbe brought in person before the said partie accused, and auowe and mainteine that they haue to say againste the saide partie, to proue him giltie of the treasons or offence conteined in the hyll of inditement layd a∣gaynst the partie araigned, vnlesse the sayd partie araigned shalbe willing without violence to con∣fesse the same.

Heere note I pray you, that oure lawe dothe require two lawfull and sufficiente accusers to be brought face to face, and Vaughan is but one, and the same most vnlawfull and insufficiente: for who can be more vnlawfull and insufficient, than a condemned man, and suche one as knoweth to accuse mee is the meane to saue his owne lyfe? re∣member I pray you howe long and how manye times Vaughans execution hathe bin respited, and howe often hee hathe bin coniured to accuse, (whych by Goddes grace hee withstoode vntill the last houre) what time perceyuing there was no way to liue, but to speake againste mee or some o∣ther (his former grace beeyng taken away) dyd re∣deeme his lyfe most vniustly, and shamefully as you see.

Hare.

Why shoulde he accuse you more than anye o∣ther, seeyng there was no displeasure betwixte you, if the matter had not bin true.

Throckmor.

Bycause he must eyther speake of some man, or suffer deathe, and then he did rather choose to hurte him he did least know, and so loued least, than any other well knowen to him, whome hee loued most. But to you of my Iury I speake specially, and therfore I pray you note what I say. In a matter of lesse weight than triall of life and lande, a man may by the law take exceptions to suche as be im∣paneld, to trie the controuersies betwixt the par∣ties: as for example, a man may chalenge that the Sheriffe is hys enimie, and therfore hathe made a parciall returne, or bycause one of the Iury is the Sheriffe my aduersaries seruaunte, and also in case my aduersaries villaine or bondman be em∣panelled, I may lawfully chalenge him, bycause the aduersarie parte hathe power ouer hys vil∣laynes landes and goodes, and hathe the vse of hys bodye for seruile office, muche more I may of ryghte take exception to Vaughans testimonie, my lyfe and all that I haue dependyng therevp∣pon, and the same Vaughan beeyng more bounde to the Queenes highnesse, my aduersarie (that wo is mee therefore) but so the lawe dothe here so tearme hyr Maiestie, than anye villayne is to hys Lord, for hir hyghnesse hathe not onely power o∣uer hys bodye, lands, and goodes, but ouer his lyfe also.

Stanford.

Yea, the exceptions are to be taken agaynste the Iury in that case, but not agaynst the witnes or accusor, and therefore youre argumente serueth little for you.

Throckmor.

That is not so, for the vse of the iurie,& the wit∣nes & the effect of their doings doth serue me to my purpose, as the law shal discusse. And thus I make my cōparison. By y^e ciuill law y^e Iudge doth giue

sentēce vpon y^e depositions of the witnes, & by your law, y^e Iudge doth giue iudgement vpon the ver∣dict of the iury, so as y^t effect is both one to finish y^e matter, trial in law, as wel by y^e depositions of the witnes, as by y^e Iuries verdit, though they varie in forme & circumstance, and so Vaughans testimo∣nie being credited, may be y^e materiall cause of my condēnation, as y^e Iury to be induced by his depo∣sitiōs to speake their verdict, & so finally therevpon the Iudge to giue sentence. Therefore I may vse y^e [ 10] same exceptions against y^e iury, or any of thē, as y^e principal mean y^t shal occasion my condemnation.

Bromley.

Why do you denie, that euery part of Vaughās tale is vntrue?

Attourney.

You may see he wil denie all, and say there was no such communication betwixt them.

Throckmor.

I confesse some part of Vaughans confession to be true, as the name, the places, the time, and some part of the matter.

Attourney.

So you of the Iury may perceyue the prisoner [ 20] doth confesse some thing to be true.

Throckmor.

As touching my sending to sir Peter Caroe, or his sending to me, or concerning my aduice to M. Wyat to sturre or to repaire hither, or touchyng y^e earle of Deuon. parting hence, & my going w^t him, & also concerning y^e matter of y^e Erle of Pēbroke, I do aduow & say that Vaughan hath said vntruely.

Southwell.

As for my L. of Pembroke, you neede not ex∣cuse y^e matter, for he hath shewed himselfe cleere in these matters like a noble man, & that we al know. [ 30]

Hare.

Why what was the talke betwixte Vaughan and you so long in Poules, if these were not so, and what meant your oft meetings?

Throckmor.

As for our often meetings, they were of no set purpose, but by chāce, & yet no ofter thā twice. But sithence you would know what cōmunicatiō pas∣sed betwixt vs in Poules Church, I will declare. We talked of the incōmodities of the marriage of the Q. with y^e Prince of Spaine, & how greeuous y^t Spanyards would be to vs here. Vaughan said, [ 40] that it should be very dangerous for any man, that truely professed the Gospel to liue here, such was y^e Spanyards crueltie, and especially againste Chri∣stian men: wherevnto I answered it was y^e plague of God iustly come vppon vs, and now almightie God dealt with vs as he did with y^e Israelites, ta∣king frō them for their vnthankefulnes theyr godly kings, & did send Tirants to raigne ouer them. E∣uen so be handled vs Englishmen, whiche hadde a most godly & vertuous Prince to raigne ouer vs, [ 50] my late soueraigne L. and M. K. Edwarde, vnder whome we might both safely and lawfully professe Gods word, which with our lewd doyngs, demea∣nour, and liuing, we handled so irreuerently, that to whip vs for our faultes, he woulde send vs straun∣gers, yea such very tyrants to exercise great tyrā∣nie ouer vs, & did take away y^t vertuous & faithfull K. from amongst vs: for euery man of euery estate did coulour his naughty affections with a pretēce of religion, & made the Gospell a staulking horse to bring their euil desires to effect. This was y^e sūme of our talke in Poules somewhat more dilated.

Stanford.

That it may appeare yet more euidently howe Throckmor. was a principal doer & counsellor in this matter, you shall heare his owne confession of his own hand writing. The Clearke did begin to reade, Throckmor. desired M. Stanford to reade it, & the Iury well to marke it. Then M. Stanford did reade the prisoners own cōfession to this effect: that Throckmor, had cōference with Wyat, Ca∣roe, Croftes, Rogers, and Warner, as well of the Queenes mariage w^t the Prince of Spaine, as al∣so of Religion, & did particularly confer with eue∣ry y^e forenamed, of y^e matters aforesaid. Moreouer, with sir Tho. Wyat, the prisoner talked of y^e brute that the Westerne men should much mislike y^e cō∣ming of the Spanyards into this Realme, beeing reported also y^t they intended to interrupt theyr a∣riual here. And also that it was said, that they wer in consultation about y^e same at Exeter. Wyat also did say, y^e sir Peter Caroe could not bring the same matter to good effect, nor there was any man so mete to bring it to good effect, as the erle of De∣uon, and specially in y^e West Coūtrey, in asmuch as they did not draw al by one line. Thē Throck∣mor, asked how the Kentishmen were affected to y^e Spanyards? Wyat said, the people like them euill ynough, and y^e appeared now at the comming of y^e Countie Egmount, for they were ready to sturre againste him & his traine, supposing it had bin the Prince, but said Wyat, sir Robert Southwel, M. Baker, & M. Moyle, & their affinitie, whiche bee in good credite in some places of the shire, wil for other malitious respects hinder y^e libertie of their Coun∣trey. Thē Throckmor, shuld say, though I know ther hath bin an vnkindnesse betwixte M. South∣wel & you for a money matter, wherein I trauel∣led to make you friends, I doubt not, but in so ho∣nest a matter as this is, he will for the safegard of his Countrey ioyne with you, and so you may bee sure of the L. Burgainey and his force: then Wiat said, it is for another matter than for money y^e wee disagree, wherin he hath handled me & others very doubly & vnneighbourly, howbeit, he can doe no o∣ther, neither to me, nor to anye other man, & there∣fore I forgiue him. Item, with sir Peter Caroe, Throckmor. had conference touching y^e impeach∣ment of y^e landing of the said Prince, & touchyng prouision of armour & munitiō as ensueth, that is to say, y^e sir Peter Caroe told Throckmor. that he trusted his Countreymen would be true English∣men, & would not agree to let y^e Spanyards to go∣uerne thē. Item, the said sir Peter Caroe sayd, the matter importing y^e french K. as it did, he thought the french K. would work to hinder y^e Spanyards cōming hither, with whome the said sir Peter dyd thinke good to practise for armour, munitions and money. Then Throckmor. did aduise him to bee

beware that he brought any Frenchmen into the realme forceably, in asmuch as he could as euill abyde y^e Frenchmen after that sore as the Span∣yards. And also Throckmor. thought the Frēch K. vnable to giue aide to vs, by meanes of the great cōsumption in their own warres. M. Ca∣roe said as touching y^e bringing in of Frenchmē, he meant it not, for he loued neither partie, but to serue his own Coūtrey, and to help his Coū∣trey from bōdage, declaring further to Throck∣morton. [ 10] that he had a small barke of his owne to worke his practise by, and so he said, that shortly he intended to depart to his owne Countrey, to vnderstand y^t deuotion of his Countreyman. I∣tem Throckmor. did say, he would for his parte hinder y^e cōming in of the Spanyards as much as he could by perswasion. Item to sir Edward Warner, he had & did hemone his owne estate, and the tyrannie of the tyme extended vpon dy∣uers honest persons for Religion, and wished it [ 20] were lawfull for all of each Religiō, to liue safe∣ly according to their conscience, for the law (Ex officis) will be intollerable, & the Cleargies disci∣pline now, may rather be resembled to y^e Turke tyrannie, than to the teaching of Christian Re∣ligion. This was the summe of the matter whi∣che was red in the foresaid cōfession, as matters must greuous against y^e prisoner. Thē Throck∣mor said, sithence M. sergeant you haue red and gathered y^e place as you think, that maketh most [ 30] against me, I pray you take the paynes, & reade further, that here after whatsoeuer become of me, my words he not peruerted & abused to the hurt of som others, & especially against the great per∣sonages, of whome I haue bin sundry times (as appeareth by my answers) examined, for I per∣ceiue the net was not cast only for little ashes, but for the great ones, iuxta adagium.

Stanforde:

It shall be but losse of time, and we haue o∣ther things to charge you withall, and this that [ 40] you desire doth make nothing for you.

〈◊〉〈◊〉

And for the better confirmation of al the trea∣sons obiected against the prisoner, and therein to proue him giltie, you of y^e Iury shall heare y^e D. of Suffolkes depositions against him, who was a principal, and hath suffered accordingly. Thē the said sergeant y^e dukes confession touching y^e prisoner, amounting to this effect, that the L. Tho. Grey did informe the said Duke, that Sir Nicholas Thockmor. was priuie to the whole [ 50] deuises againste the Spanyardes, and was one that shoulde goe into the West Countrey with the Earle of Deuonshire.

Throckmor.

But what doth the principall author of thys matter say against me, I mean the L. Thomas Gray who is yet liuing, why is not his depositi∣ons brought against me, for so it ought to bee, if he can say any thing: will you know the trueth, neyther the L. Tho. Grey hath sayd, can say, or wil say any thing against me, notwithstanding y^e D. his brothers confessions & accusation, who hathe affirmed manye other things besides the trueth. I speake not without certaine knowlege, for y^e L. Tho. Grey being in prison fellow, for a small time informed one, y^t the D. his brother had misreported him in many things, amongst other in matters touching me, which he had de∣clared to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 M. Southwell, & other the realm∣nors not long age, I am sure of y^e L. Tho. could or would haue said any thing, it should haue him here now. And as to y^e dukes confession, it is not material, for he doth referre the matter to the L. Thomas report, who hath made my purgatiō.

The attorney

And it please you my Lordes, and you my maisters of the Iury, besides these matters tou∣ching Wiats Reliegion, sir Peter Caroes trea∣sons, & confederating w^t the D. of Saffolke, and besides y^e prisoners conspiracie with the Earle of Deuon. with Croftes, Rogers Warner, & sun∣dry others in sundrye places, it shall manifestly appeare vnto you, y^e Throckmor. did conspire y^e Queenes Maiesties death with William Tho∣mas, sir Nicholas Arnold, & other traitors intē∣ding y^e same, which is y^e greatest matter of all o∣thers, and most to be abhorted. and for the proofe heere of, you shall heare Wiat Arnold sayth. Thē was sir Nicholas Arnolds confession redde, af∣firming, that Throckmor. shewed vnto him, ri∣ding betwixt Hiuam & Crosse Laund in Gloce∣ster shire, that Iohn Fitz Williams was verye much displeased with William Thomas.

Thattorney.

William Thomas deuised, that Iohn Fitz Williās should kyll the Queene, & Throckmor. knew of it, as appeareth by Arnolds confession.

Throckmor.

First I denie that I saide anye suche thing to M. Arnold, and though he be an honest man, he may either forget himself, or deuise meanes how to vnburthen himselfe of so weightie a matter as this is, for he is charged with the mater as prin∣cipall, which I did perceiue whē he charged mee with his tale, and therefore I do blame him the lesse, that he seeketh how to discharge himself, v∣sing me as a witnes if he coulde so transferre the deuise to Wil. Thomas. But truely, I neuer spake anye suche wordes vnto him, and for my better declaration, I did see Iohn Fitz Willi∣ams here euen now, who can testifie, that he ne∣uer shewed me of any displeasure betwixt them, & as I know nothing of the displeasure betwixt thē, so I know nothing of the cause: I pray you my Lordes let him bee called to depose in thys matter what hee can. Then Iohn Fitz Willi∣ams drew to the barre, and presented himselfe to depose his knowledge in the mater in opē court.

Thattorney.

I pray you my Lordes suffer him not to be sworne, neither to speake, we haue nothing to do

with him.

Throckmor.

Why shoulde hee not bee suffered to tell truthe? and why bee yee not so well conten∣ted to heare troth for mee, as vntroth againste me?

Hare

Who called you hither Fitzwilliams, or cō∣maunded you to speake, you are a verye busie officer.

Throckmor.

I called him, and doe humbly desire that hee may speake, and be heard as well as Vaughan, [ 10] or else I am not indifferently vsed, specially see∣ing maister Atturney doth so presse this matter against me.

Southwell.

Goe youre wayes Fitzwilliams, the Courte hath nothing to doe with you. Perad∣uenture you woulde not bee so readie in a good cause.

Then Iohn Fitzwyllyams departed the Courte, and was not suffered to speake. [ 20]

Throckmor.

Since this Gentlemans declaration maye not bee admitted, I trust you of the Iurie can perceyue, it was not for anye thing hee had to say against me. But contrariwise, that it was feared he woulde speake for mee. And nowe to maister Arnoldes depositions against me, I say I did not tell him anye such wordes, so as if it were material, there is but his yea and my nay. But bicause the wordes be not sore strayned a∣gainst me, I praye you maister Atturney why [ 30] might not I haue tolde maister Arnolde, that Iohn Fitzwilliams was angrie with William Thomas, and yet knowe no cause of the anger, it might be vnderstande, to disagree oftentimes. Who doth confesse that I knowe any thing of William Thomas deuise touching the Quenes death? I will aunswere, no man. For maister Arnolde doth mention no worde of that mat∣ter, but of the displeasures betwixte them. And to speake that, dothe neyther prooue [ 40] treason, nor knoweledge of treason. Is here all the euidence againste mee that you haue to bring mee within the compasse of the indite∣ment?

Stanforde.

Me thinke the matters confessed by others a∣gainst you, togither with your owne confession, will weye shrewdlye. But howe saye you to the rising in Kent, and to Wiats attempte a∣gainste the Queenes royall person at hir Pal∣lace? [ 50]

Bromley.

Why doe you not reade Wiats accusati∣on to him, whiche dothe make him partener to his treasons.

Southwell.

Wiat hath grieuouslye accused you, and in manye thinges that others haue confir∣med.

Throckmor.

Whatsoeuer Wiat hath saide of me in hope of his life, he vnsayde it at his death. For since I came into this hall, I hearde one saye (but I knowe him not) that Wiat vppon the seaffolde didde not onelye purge my Ladie Elizabeth hir Grace, and the Earle of Deuonshire, but al∣so all the Gentlemen in the Tower, saying they were all ignoraunt of the sturre and Commotion. In whiche number I take my selfe.

Hare.

Notwithstanding he saide, all that hee had written and confessed to the Counsayle, was true.

Throckmor

Nay Sir, by your pacience, maister Wiat sayde not so, that was maister Doctors ad∣dicion.

Southwell.

It appeareth you haue hadde good intelli∣gence.

Throckmor

Almightie God prouided that reuelation for mee this daye since I came hither: for I haue bene in close prison these lviij. dayes, where I hearde nothing but what the Birdes tolde mee, which did flie ouer my heade. And nowe to you of my Iurie I speake speciallye, whome I desire to marke attentiuely what shall be sayde: I haue bene indited, as it appeareth, and nowe am arreigned of compassing the Queenes ma∣iesties death, of leuying warre againste the Queene, of taking the tower of London, of de∣posing and depriuing the Queene of hir Roy∣all estate, and finally to destroy hir, and of ad∣herence to the Queenes enimies. Of all whiche treasons, to proue mee guiltie, the Queenes learned Counsayle hath giuen in euidence, these pointes materiall: That is to saye: for the compassing or imagining the Queenes death, and the destruction of hir Royall person, Sir Nicholas Arnoldes depositions, whiche is, that I shoulde saye to the sayde Sir Nicholas in Glocestershire, that maister Iohn Fitzwil∣liams was angrie with William Thomas: Wherevnto I haue aunswered, as you haue hearde, bothe denying the matter: and for the proofe on my side, doe take exceptions, bicause there is no witnesse but one. And neuerthelesse, thoughe it were graunted, the depositions proue nothing concerning the Queenes death. For leuying of warre against the Queene, there is alledged my conference with Sir Thomas Wiat, Sir Iames Croftes, Sir Edwarde Rogers, Sir Edwarde Warner. Againste the marriage with Spaine, and the comming of the Spanyardes hither, whiche talke I doe not denie in sorte as I spake it, and ment it: and notwithstanding the malicious gathering this day of my conference, proueth yet no leuying of warre. There is also alledged for proofe of the same Article, sir Iames Crofts cōfession, which as you remember, implieth no such thing, but generall talk against the mariage with Spaine.

And of my departing Westwarde with the Earle of Deuon. which the sayde Iames doth not auowe, and therefore I praye you consider it as not spoken. There is also for proofe of the sayde Article, the Duke of Suffolkes con∣fession, with whom I neuer had conference, and therefore he aduouched the tale of his brothers mouth, who hath made my purgation in those matters, and yet if the matter were proued, they be not greatly materiall in lawe. There is also [ 10] alledged for the further proofe of the same Arti∣cle, and for deposing and depriuing the Queene of hir Royall estate, and for my adhering to the Queenes enimes, Cutbert Vaughans confessi∣on, whose testimonie I haue sufficientlye dis∣proued by sundrie authorities and circumstan∣ces, and principally by your owne lawe, which dothe require two lawfull and sufficient wit∣nesses to be brought face to face. Also for the ta∣king of the tower of London, there is alledged [ 20] Winters depositions, which vttereth my misli∣king, when he vttered vnto mee Sir Thomas Wiats resolution and deuise for attempting of the sayde peece. And last of all, to enforce these matters, mine owne confession is engrieued greatly against me, wherein there doth appeare neyther treason, neyther concelement of treason, neyther whispering of treason, nor procurement of treason. And forasmuch as I am come hither to be tried by the lawe, though my innocencie of [ 30] all these pointes materiall obiected, be apparant to acquite mee, wherevnto I doe principallye cleaue, yet I will for your better credit and sa∣tisfactions, shewe you euidentlye, that if you woulde beleeue all the depositions layde against me, which I trust you will not doe, I ought not to bee attainted of the treason comprised within my inditement, considering the Statute of repeale the last parliament, of all treasons, o∣ther than suche as be declared in the xxv. yeare [ 40] of K. Edward the third, both which statutes, I praye you my Lordes, may be redde here to the enquest.

Bromley.

No, for there shall be no bookes brought at your desire, we know the law sufficiently with∣out booke.

Throckmor.

Do you bring me hither to trie mee by the lawe, and will not shewe me the lawe? what is your knowledge of the lawe to these mens satis∣factions, which haue my triall in hande? I pray [ 50] you my Lordes, and my Lordes all, let the sta∣tutes bee redde, as well for the Queene, as for mee.

Stanforde.

My Lord chiefe Iustice can shew the lawe, and will, if the Iurie doe doubt of any poynt.

Throckmor,

You knowe it were indifferent that I should knowe and heare the law whereby I am adiud∣ged, & forasmuch as the statute is in Englyshe, men of meaner learning than the Iustices, can vnderstande it, or else howe shoulde we knowe when we offend?

Hare

You knowe not what belongeth to youre case, and therefore we must teach you: it apper∣taineth not to vs to prouide bookes for you, ney∣ther wee sit here to be taught of you, you should haue taken better hede to the law before you had come hither.

Throckmor.

Bicause I am ignoraunt, I woulde learne, and therefore I haue more neede to see the law, and partlye as well for the instructions of the Iurie, as for my owne satisfaction, which mee thinke, were for the honor of this presence. And now if it please you my Lorde chiefe Iustice, I do direct my speach specially to you. What time it pleased the Queenes maiestie, to call you to this honourable office, I did learne of a great personage of hir highnesse priuie counsayle, that amongst other good instructions, hir maiestie charged and enioyned you to minister the law & iustice indifferently without respect of persons. And notwithstanding the old error amōgst you, whiche did not admit any witnesse to speake, or any other matter to be hearde in the fauor of the aduersarie, hir maiestie being partie, hir highnes pleasure was, that whatsoeuer could be brought in the fauor of the subiect, shoulde be admitted to be heard. And moreouer, that you specially, and likewise all other Iustices, shoulde not per∣suade themselues to sit in iudgement otherwise for hir highnesse, than for hir subiect. Therefore this maner of indifferent proceeding being prin∣cipally enioined by Gods commādement, which I had thought partly to haue remembred you & others here in Cōmission, in the beginning, if I might haue had leaue: And the same also being commanded you by the Queenes owne mouth, me think you ought of right to suffer me to haue the statutes red openly, & also to reiect nothing y^t coulde be spoken in my defence: and in thus do∣ing you shal shew your selues worthy ministers, and fit for so worthie a mistresse.

Bromley.

You mistake the matter, the Queene spake those wordes to maister Morgan chiefe Iustice of the Common place, but you haue no cause to complaine, for you haue bene suffered to talke at your pleasure.

Ha•…•…e.

What woulde you doe with the Statute booke? the Iurie doth not require it, they haue hearde the euidence, and they must vppon their conscience trie whether you bee guiltie or no, so as the booke needeth not: if they will not credite the euidence so apparant, then they know what they haue to doe.

Cholmley.

You ought not to haue anye bookes red here at your appointment, for where dothe aryse a∣nye doubte in the lawe, the Iudges sitte here

to informe the Court, and nowe you doe but spende time.

The attorney

I pray you my Lorde chiefe Iustice repeate the euidence for the Queene, and giue the Iu∣rie their charge, for the prisoner will keepe you here all day.

Bromley.

Howe say you, haue you any more to saye for your selfe?

Throckmor:

You seeme to giue and offer mee the lawe, but in very dede I haue only the forme & image [ 10] of the lawe, neuerthelesse, since I cannot be suf∣fred to haue the statutes red openly in the booke, I will by your pacience gesse at them as I may, and I pray you to help me if I mistake, for it is long since I did see them. The statute of repeale made the last Parliament, hath these wordes: Be it enacted by the Queene, that from hence∣forth none acte, deede, or offence, being by acte of Parliament or statute made treason, petit trea∣son, or misprision of treason, by words, writing, [ 20] printing, ciphering, deedes, or otherwise what∣soeuer, shall be taken, had, deemed, or adiudged treason, petit treason, but only such as be decla∣red, or expressed to be treason, in or by an acte of Parliament made in the xxv. yeare of Edw. iij. touching and concerning treasons, and the de∣claration of treasons, and none other. Here may you see this Statute doth referre all the offences aforesayde, to the Statute of the xxv. of Edw. iij. whiche statute hath these wordes touching [ 30] and concerning the treasons that I am indited and arreigned of, that is to saye: Whosoeuer with compasse or imagine the death of the king, or leuie warre against the king in his realme, or being adherent to the kings enimies within this Realme, or elsewhere, and bee thereof pro∣bably attainted by open deede by people of their condicion, shall be adiudged a traytor. Now I praye you of my Iurie whiche haue my lyfe in triall, note well what things at this daye bee [ 40] treasons, and howe these treasons must be tried and decerned, that is to saye, by open deede, which the lawes doth at some time terme (ouert acte) and nowe I aske notwithstanding my in∣ditement, which is but matter alledged, where doth appeare the open deede of any compassing or imagining the Quenes death, or where doth appeare any open deede of being adherent to the Queenes enimies, giuing to them ayde and comfort, or where doth appeare any open deede [ 50] of taking the tower of London?

Bromley.

Why doe not you of the Queenes learned Counsell aunswere him. Me thinke, Throck∣morton, you neede not to haue the statutes, for you haue them meetely perfectly.

Stanforde:

You are deceyued to conclude all treasons in the statute of the xxv. yeare of Edwarde the thirde, for that statute is but a declaration of certaine treasons, whiche were treasons before at the Common lawe. Euen so there doth re∣mayne diuerse other treasons at this day at the Common lawe, which be expressed by that sta∣tute, as the Iudges can declare. Neuerthelesse, there is matter sufficient alledged and proued a∣gainst you, to bring you within the compasse of the same Statute.

Throckmor

I praye you expresse those matters that bring me within the compasse of the statute of Edwarde the thirde. For the wordes be these: And be thereof attainted by open deede by peo∣ple of like condicion.

Bromley.

Throckmorton, you deceyue your selfe, and mistake these wordes, by people of their condicion. For thereby the lawe doth vnder∣stande the discouering of your treasons. As for example, Wiat and the other rebelles, at∣tainted for their great treasons, already declare you to be his and their adherent, in as much as diuerse and sundrie times you had conference with him and them aboute the treason, so as Wiat is now one of your condicion, who as all the worlde knoweth, hath committed an open trayterous fact.

Throckmor

By your leaue my Lorde, this is a verye straunge and singular vnderstanding. For I suppose the meaning of the Lawe makers did vnderstande these wordes: By people of their condicion: of the state and condicion of those persons whiche shoulde bee on the Inquest to trie the partie arreygned, guiltie or not guil∣tie, and nothing to the bewraying of the of∣fence by another mans act, as you say, for what haue I to doe with Wiats actes, that was not nigh him by one hundreth myles?

Thattorney

Will you take vppon you to skill better of the lawe than the Iudges? I doubt not but you of the Iurie will credite as it becommeth you.

Cholmley,

Concerning the true vnderstanding of these words: By people of their condicion, my Lord chiefe Iustice here hath declared the truth, for Wiat was one of your condicion, that is to say, of your conspiracie.

Hare

You doe not denie, Throckmorton; but that there hath bene conference, and sending betweene Wiat and you, and he and Winter dothe confesse the same, with others, so as it is playne, Wiat may well be called one of youre condicion.

Throckmor

Well, seeing you my Iudges rule the vn∣derstanding of these wordes in the Statute, By people of your condicion, thus straungelye against mee, I will not stande longer vppon them. But where dothe appeare in mee an o∣pen deede wherevnto the treason is speciallye referred?

Bromley:

If thre or foure do talke, deuise, and conspire togither of a trayterous acte to be done, and af∣terwards one of them doth commit treason, as Wiat did, then the lawe doth repute them, and euerye of them as their actes, so as Wiats actes doe implie and argue your open deede, and so the lawe doth terme it and take it.

Throckmor:

These be marueylous expositions, and won∣derfull implications, that another mans acte whereof I was not priuie, shoulde be accounted [ 10] myne, for Wiat did purge me that I knew no∣thing of his stirre.

Hare:

Yea sir, but you were a principall procurer and contriuer of Wiats rebellion, thoughe you were not with him when he made the stirre. And as my Lord here hath sayd, the law always doth adiudge him a traytor, which was priuie & doth procure treason, or any other man to committe treason, or a trayterous acte, as you did Wiat, and others, for so the ouert acte of those whiche [ 20] did it by your procurement, shall in this case be accounted your open deede. We haue a commō case in the lawe if one by procurement shoulde disseyse you of your lande, the lawe holdeth vs both wrong doers, and giueth remedie as well against the one as the other.

Throckmor.

For Gods sake applie not such constructions against me, & though my present estate doth not moue you, yet it were well you shoulde consider your office, and thinke what measure you giue [ 30] to others, you your selues I say shall assuredly receyue the same agayne. The state of mortall life is such, y^t men know full little what hangeth ouer them. I put on within this xij. monethes such a minde, that I moste wofull wight, was as vnlyke to stande here, as some of you that sit there. As to your case last recited, whereby you woulde conclude, I haue remembred and lear∣ned of you master Hare, and you master Stan∣forde in the Parliament house, where you did [ 40] sit to make lawes, to expounde and explane the ambiguities and doubtes of lawe sincerely, and that without affections. There I say I learned of you and others my maisters of the lawe this difference betwixt such cases as you remembred one euen nowe, and the statute whereby I am to be tried. There is a maxime or principle in the lawe, which ought not to bee violated, that no penall statute may, ought, or shoulde be constru∣ed, expounded, extended, or wrested, otherwise [ 50] than the simple wordes and nude letter of the same statute doth warrant and signifie. And a∣mongst diuers good and notable reasons by you there in the Parliament house debated, maister sergeant Stanford, I noted this one, why y^e said maxime ought to be inuiolable: you said conside∣ring the priuate affections manye tymes both of Princes & ministers within this realme, for that they were men, and woulde and coulde erre, it shoulde be no securitie, but very daungerous to the subiect, to referre the construction and exten∣ding of penall statutes, to anye Iudges equitie, as you termed it, which might eyther by feare of the higher powers be seduced, or by ignoraunce and follye abused. And that is an aunswere by procurement.

Bromley.

Notwithstanding the principall, as you al∣ledge it, and the precisenesse of your sticking to the bare wordes of the statute, it doth appeare and remaine of recorde in our learning, that di∣uerse cases haue bene adiudged treason, without the expresse words of the statute, as the Quenes learned counsell there can declare.

Thattorney.

It doth appeare, the prisoner did not onely intise or procure Wiat, Caroe, Rogers, and o∣thers, to committe their trayterous actes, and there doth his open factes appeare, whiche Vau∣ghans confession doth witnesse, but also he did mynde shortlye after to associate himselfe with those traytours: for hee minded to haue de∣parted with the Earle of Deuonshire West∣wardes.

Throckmor,

My innocencie concerning these matters, I trust, sufficientlye appeareth by my foremer aunsweres, notwithstanding the condempned mans vniust accusation. But because the true vnderstanding of the statute is in question, I saye Procurement, and specially by words one∣ly, is without the compasse of it, and that I doe learne and proue by the principle which I lear∣ned of maister Stanforde.

Stanforde.

Maister Throckmorton, you and I maye not agree this day in the vnderstanding of the lawe, for I am for the Queene, and you speake for your selfe: the Iudges must determine the matter.

Bromley.

He that doth procure another man to com∣mit a felonie or a murther, I am sure you know well ynough, the lawe doth adiudge the procu∣rer there a felon or a murtherer, and in case of treason, it hath bene alwayes so taken and re∣puted.

Throckmor.

I doe and must cleaue to my innocencie, for I procured no man to committe treason, but yet for my learning I desire to heare some case so ruled when the lawe was as it is nowe. I doe confesse it, that at suche time there were Statutes prouided for the procurer, counsay∣lour, ayder, abetter, and suche lyke, as there were in King Henrie the viij. tyme, you might lawfullye make this cruell construction, and bring the procurer within the compasse of the lawe. But these Statutes being repealed, you ought not nowe so to doe, and as to the princi∣pal procurer in fellonie & murther it is not lyke as in treason, for the principall and accessaries

in felonie and murther be triable and punshable by y^e cōmon law, & so in those cases the Iudges may vse their equitie, extending the determina∣tiō of the fault as they thinke good: but in treason it is otherwise, the same being limited by statute law, which I say and aduow is restreyned from any Iudges cōstructiō by y^e maxime y^t I recited.

Stanforde:

Your Lordships do know a case in R. 3. time, where y^e procurer to coūterfeyt false mony, was iudged a traytor, and the law was as it is now. [ 10]

Hare.

Maister Sergeaunt doth remember you Throckmorton, of an experience before oure time, that the lawe hath bene so taken, and yet the procurer was not expressed in the Sta∣tute, but the lawe hath ben always so taken.

Throckmor:

I neuer studied the law, whereof I do much repent mee, yet I remember, whylest penall Statutes were talked of in the Parliament house, you the learned men of the house remem∣bred some cases contrarie to this last spoken of. [ 20] And if I misreport them, I pray you helpe me. In the like case you speake of concerning the procurer to counterfeyte false money, at one time the procurer was iudged a fellon, and at an other time neither fellon nor traytor, so as some of your predecessours adiudged the procurer no traytour in the same case, but leaned to their principall, though some other extende their con∣structions too large. And here is two cases with me for one against me. [ 30]

Bromley.

Bicause you replie so sore vpon the princi∣pall, I will remember, where one taking the great seale of Englande from one writing, and putting it to another, was adiudged a tray∣tour in Henrie the iiij. tyme, and yet his act was not within the expresse words of the Statute of Edwarde the third. There be diuerse other such like cases that maye be alledged and need were.

Throckmor.

I pray you my Lorde chiefe Iustice, call to your good remembraunce that in the selfe same [ 40] case of the seale, Iustice Spilman, a graue and well learned man, since that time, woulde not cōdemn the offēder, but did reproue that former iudgement by you last remēbred, as erronious.

Stanforde.

If I had thought you had bene so well fur∣nished with booke cases, I woulde haue bene better prouided for you.

Throckmor.

I haue nothing but I lerned of you specially M. Sergeant, & of others my masters of y^e law in the Parliament house, & therefore I may say [ 50] with the Prophet

(Salutem ex inimicis nostris.)

Southwell.

You haue a very good memorie.

The attorney

If the prisoner may auoyde his treasons af∣ter this maner, the Queenes suretie shall bee in great ieoperdy. For Iack Cade, the black smith, and diuerse other traytors, sometime alledging the law for them, somtime they ment no harme to the king, but against his Counsell, as Wiat, the Duke of Suffolke, and these did against the Spanyardes, when there was no Spanyardes within the realme. The Duke and his brethren did mistake the lawe, as you doe, yet at length did confesse their ignorance and submitted them selues. And so were you best to doe.

Throckmor.

As to Cade and the black Smith, I am not so well acquainted with their treasons as you bee, but I haue red in the Chronicle, they were in the fielde with a force against the Prince, whereby a manifest acte did appeare. As to the Duke of Suffolkes doings, they appertaine not to mee. And though you woulde compare my speache and talke against the Spanyardes, to the Dukes actes, who assembled a force in ar∣mes, it is euident they differ much, I am sorie to engreue any other mans doings, but it ser∣ueth me for a peece of my defence, and therefore I wishe y^t no man should gather euill of it, God forbid that words and acts be thus cōfounded.

Thattorney▪

Sir William Stanley vsed this shifte that the prisoner vseth now, he sayde he did not leuie warre against king Henrie the vij. but sayde to the Duke of Buckingham, that in a good quar∣rell he wold aid him with .v.C. men, and neuer∣thelesse Stanley was for those words attain∣ted, who as al y^e worlde knoweth, had before y^e time serued the King very faithfully and truly.

Throckmor.

I pray you maister Atturney doe not con∣clude me by blinde contraries. Whether you al∣ledge Stanleyes case trulye or no, I knowe not. But admitte it be as you saye, what dothe this proue against me? I promised no ayde to maister Wiat, nor to anye other. The Duke of Buckingham leuied warre agaynste the King, with whom Stanley was confederate so to doe, as you saye.

Thattorney.

I pray you my Lords that be the Queenes Commissioners, suffer not the prisoner to vse the Queenes learned Counsell thus, I was ne∣uer interrupted thus in my life, nor I neuer knewe any thus suffered to talke, as this prisoner is suffered, some of vs will come no more at the barre, and we be thus handled.

Bromley.

Throckmorton you must suffer the Quenes learned Counsell to speake, or else we must take order with you, you haue had leaue to talke at your pleasure.

Hare

It is proued that you did talke with Wiat against the comming of the Spanyardes, and deuised to interrupt their arriuall, and you pro∣mised to doe what you coulde against them, wherevpon Wiat being encouraged by you, did leuie a force, and attempted warre against the Queenes royall person.

Throckmor.

It was no treason, nor no procurement of treason, to talke agaynste the comming hy∣ther of the Spanyardes, neyther it was

treason for mee to saye, I woulde hynder their commyng hither as muche as I coulde, vnder∣standing me rightly as I meant it, yea though you would extende it to the worste, it was but words, it was not treson at this day as the law standeth: and as for Wiats doing, they touche me nothing: for at his death when it was no tyme to report vntruly, he purged me.

Bromley.

By sundrye cases remembred heere by the Queenes learned counsell, as you haue hearde, [ 10] that procurement which did appeare no other∣wyse but by words, and those you would make nothing, hath bin of long tyme, and by sundry well learned men in the Lawes adiudged trea∣son. And therefore, youre procurement beeing so euidente as it is, we may lawfully say it was treason, bycause Wiat perfourmed a trayte∣rous acte.

Throckmor.

As to the said alledged forepresidents against me, I haue recited as many for me, & I would [ 20] you my L. chief iustice shuld incline your iudge∣ments rather after the exāple of your honorable predecessors, Iustice Markā, and others, which did eschewe corrupte iudgementes, iudging di∣rectly and sincerely, after the Law and the prin∣ciples in the same, than after such men as swar∣uing from the truth, the maxime, and the Law, did iudge corruptely, maliciously, and affectio∣nately.

Bromley.

Iustice Markham had reson to warrant his [ 30] doings: for it did appeare, a merchant of Lon∣don was arraigned and slaunderously accused of treason for compassing & imagining y^e kings death, he did say he would make his sonne heire of the Crowne, and the merchant meant it of a house in Cheapeside at the signe of the Crowne, but your case is not so.

Throckmor.

My case doeth differ I graunt, but specially bicause I haue not suche a Iudge: yet there is an other cause to restrain these your strange and [ 40] extraordinarie constructions: That is to say, a Prouiso in the latter ende of the statute of Ed∣warde the thirde, hauyng these wordes: Pro∣uided alwayes, if anye other case of supposed Treason shall chaunce heereafter to come in question or triall before any iustice, other than is in the sayd statute expressed, that then the Iu∣stice shall forbeare to adiudge the sayd case, vn∣till it be shewed to the Parliament to trie whe∣ther it should be treason or felonie. Here you are [ 50] restrained by expresse wordes to adiudge any case, that is not manifestly mentioned before, & vntill it be shewed to the Parliament.

•…•…rtman.

That Prouiso is vnderstande of cases that may come in trial which hath bin in vre, but the law hath always taken the procurer to be a prin¦cipall offender.

•…•…ders.

The lawe alwayes in cases of treason dothe accoumpte all principalles and no accessaries as in other offences, and therfore a man offending in treason, eyther by couert acte or procurement, whervpon an open deede hath ensued, as in this case is adiudged by the lawe a principall tray∣toure.

Throckmor.

You adiudge (mee thinke) procurement very hardly, besydes the principall, and besides the good Prouiso, and besydes the good example of your best and moste godly learned predecessors, the Iudges of the Realme, as I haue partely declared; and notwithstandyng thys grieuous racking and extending of this worde Procure∣ment, I am not in the daunger of it, for it doth appere by no deposition that I procured neyther one or other to attempt any acte.

Stanforde.

The Iurie haue to trye whether it bee so or no, let it weygh as it will.

Hare

I knowe no meane so apparant to try Pro∣curement as by words, and that meane is pro∣bable ynoughe agaynst you, as well by youre owne confession, as by other mennes Depo∣sitions.

Throckmor.

To talke of the Queenes maryage with the Prince of Spayne, and also the commyng hy∣ther of the Spanyardes, is not to procure trea∣son to be done: for then the whole Parliament house, I meane the common house didde pro∣cure treason. But since you wyll make no diffe∣rence betwixte wordes and actes, I praye you remember an Estatute made in my late Soue∣raigne Lorde and maisters tyme, Kyng Ed∣ward the sixth, whiche apparantly expresseth the difference. These bee the woordes: Who so e∣uer dothe compasse or imagine to depose the Kyng of his Royall estate by open preaching, expresse wordes or sayings, shall for the fyrst of∣fence lose and forfayte to the king all his & their goodes and cattailes, and also shal suffer impri∣sonmente of their bodyes at the Kings will and pleasure. Whosoeuer. &c. for the second offence shall lose and forfayte to the Kyng the whole is∣sues and profytes of all his or their landes, te∣nementes, and other hereditamentes, benefices, Prebendes, and other Spirituall promotions. Who soeuer. &c. for the thirde offence, shall for terme or lyfe or lyues of suche offendour or of∣fendors &c. and shall also forfeite to the Kyngs Maiestie, all his or their goodes and cattailes, & suffer during his or their liues perpetuall im∣prisonement of his or their bodies. But whoso∣euer &c. by writing, ciphering, or acte, shall for the firste offence be adiudged a traitour, and suf∣fer the paines of deathe. Here you may perceiue howe the whole realme and all your iudgemen∣tes hathe beefore this vnderstande wordes and actes, diuerslye and apparantlye. And there∣fore the Iudgementes of the Parliamente

did assigne diuersitie of punishmentes; bicause they woulde not confounde the true vnderstan∣ding of wordes and deedes, appointing for com∣passing and imagining by worde, imprison∣ment: and for compassing and imagining by o∣pen deede, paines of death.

Bromley.

It is agreed by the whole bench, that the pro∣curer and the adherent be deemed alwayes tray∣tors, when as a trayterous acte was commit∣ted by anye one of the same conspiracie: and [ 10] there is apparant proofe of youre adhering to Wiat, both by your owne confession and other wayes.

Throckmor:

Adhering and procuring bee not all one, for the statute of Edwarde the thirde, doth speake of adhering, but not of procuring, and yet adhering ought not be further extended, than to the Que∣nes enimies within hir Realme, for so the sta∣tute doth limit the vnderstanding. And Wiat was not the Queenes enimie, for hee was not [ 20] so reputed when I talked with him last, and our speach implyed no enmitie, neyther tended to anye treason, or procuring of treason: and therefore I pray you of the Iurie note, thoughe I argue the lawe, I alledge my innocencie, as the best part of my defence.

Hare.

Your adhering to the Queenes enimies within the Realme, is euidentlye proued: for Wiat was the Queenes enimie wythin the Realme, as the whole Realme knoweth it, and [ 30] he hath confessed it, both at his arrainement and at his death.

Throckmor.

By your leaue, neither Wiat at his arreign∣ment, nor at his death, did confesse that he was the Queenes enimie when I talked last with him, neyther he was reputed nor taken in xiiij. dayes after, vntill he assembled a force in armes, what time I was at your house master Ingle∣fielde, where I learned the first intelligence of Wiats stirre. And I aske you who doth depose [ 40] that there passed anye maner of aduertisement betwixt Wiat and mee after he had discouered his doings, and shewed himselfe an enimie? if I had bene so disposed, who did let mee that I did not repaire to Wiat, or to sende to him, or to the Duke of Suffolke eyther, who was in myne owne countrey, and thither I might haue gone and conueyed my selfe with him, vnsuspected for my departing homewards.

Inglefielde.

It is true that you were there at my house, [ 50] accompanied with others your brethren, and to my knowledge, ignorant of these matters.

Bromley.

Throckmorton, you confessed you talked with Wiat and others against the comming of the Spanyards, and of the taking of the tower of London, wherevpon Wiat leuied a force of men against the Spanyardes he sayde, and so you saye all: but in deede it was against the Queene, which he confessed at length, therefore Wiats actes doe proue you counsayler and pro∣curer, howsoeuer you woulde auoyde the mat∣ter.

Throckmor.

Me think you would conclude me with a mi∣shapen argument in Logicke, and you will giue mee leaue, I will make another.

Stanforde.

The Iudges sit not here to make disputati∣ons, but to declare the law, which hath bene suf∣ficiently done, if you woulde consider it.

Hare

You haue hearde reason and the lawe, if you will conceyue it.

Throckmor.

Oh mercifull God, oh eternall father, which seest all things, what maner of proceedings are these? to what purpose serueth the statute of re∣peale the last Parliament, where I hearde some of you here present, and diuerse other of the Queenes learned counsayle, grieuouslye inuey against the cruell and bloudie lawes of King Henrie the eyght, and against some lawes made in my late soueraigne Lorde and maisters time, King Edwarde the sixth, some termed them, Drugos lawes, whiche were written in bloude: some sayde they were more intollerable than a∣ny lawes that Dionisius or any other tyraunt made. In conclusion, as many men, so manye bitter termes and names those lawes had. And moreouer, the Preface of the same estatute doth recite, that for wordes onely, many great personages, and others of good behauiour, hath bene most cruelly cast awaye by these foremer sanguinolent thirstie lawes, with many other suggestions for the repeale of the same. And now let vs put on indifferent eyes, and through∣ly consider with our selues, as you the Iudges handle the constructions of the Statute of Ed∣warde the thirde, with your equitie and extenti∣ons, whether we be not in much wors case now than we were when those cruel lawes yoked vs. These lawes albeit they were grieuous and cap∣tious, yet they had the verie propertie of a lawe after S. Paules description. For those lawes did admonish vs, and discouer our sinnes plain∣ly vnto vs, and when a man is warned, hee is halfe armed. These lawes, as they bee handled, be very baytes to catche vs, and onely prepared for the same, and no lawes: for at the first sight they ascertaine vs we be deliuered from our olde bondage, and by the late repeale the last Parlia∣ment, we liue in more securitie. But when it pleaseth the higher powers to call any mannes lyfe and sayings in question, then there be con∣structions, interpretations, and extentions re∣serued to the Iustices and Iudges equitie, that the partie triable, as I am nowe, shall finde him selfe in much worse case than before when those cruell lawes stoode in force. Thus our amende∣ment is from Gods blessing into the warme

sunne: but I require you honest men whiche are to trie my life, consider these opinions of my life, Iudges be rather agreeable to the time, than to the truth: for their iudgements be repugnant to their owne principle, repugnant to their godly and best learned predecessors opinions, repug∣nant I say to the Prouiso in the Statute of Re∣peale made in the last Parliament.

The attorney

Maister Throckmorton qui•••• your selfe; and it shall be the better for you. [ 10]

Throckmor.

Maister Attorney, I am not so vnquiet as you be, and yet one cases are not alike: but bi∣cause I am so tedious to you, and haue long troubled this presence, it maye please my Lorde chiefe Iustice to repeate the euidence wherewith I am charged, and my aunsweres to all the obiections, if there be no other matter to laye a∣gainst me.

Bromley.

Then the chiefe Iustice remembred parti∣cularly all the depositions and euidences giuen [ 20] against the prisoner, and eyther for wants of good memorie, or good will, the prisoners aun∣sweres were in part not recited, wherevppon the prisoner craued indifferencie, and did helpe the Iudges olde memorie with his owne recitall.

•…•…endall.

My maisters of the Iurie, you haue to in∣quire whether Sir Nicholas Throckmorton Knight, here prisoner at the barre, be guiltie of these treasons, or any of them, whereof he hath bene indited and this daye arreigned, yea or no. [ 30] And if you finde him guiltie, you shall enquire what landes, tenementes, goodes, and cattalles he had at the day of his treasons committed, or at anye time since: and whether hee fledde for the treasons or no, if you finde him not guiltie.

Throckmor.

Haue yo•…•… sayde what is to be sayd?

Kendall.

Yea for this time.

Throckmor.

Then I pray you giue me leaue to speake a fewe words to the Iurie. The weyght and gra∣uitie of my cause hath greatly occasioned me to [ 40] trouble you here long, & therfore I minde not to intertain you here lōg, with any prolixe oration: you perceyue notwithstanding this daye great contention betwixt the Iudges and the Quee∣nes learned Counsayle on the one partie, and mee the poore and wofull prisoner on the other partie. The triall of our whole controuersie, the triall of my innocencie, the triall of my lyfe, landes and goodes, and the destruction of my posteritie for euer, doth rest in your good iudge∣ments. [ 50] And albeit many this daye haue greatly inueyghed against mee, the finall determinati∣on thereof is transferred onely to you: howe grieuous and horrible the shedding of innocents bloude is in the sight of almightie God, I trust you doe remember. Therefore take heede I saye for Christes sake, do not defile your consciences with such heynous and notable crimes, they bee grieuouslye and terribl•••• punished, as in this worlde and vale of miserie vppon the childrens children to the thirde and fourth generation, and in the worlde to come with euerlasting fire and damnation: lift vp your minds to God, and care not to muche for the worlde, looke not backe to the fleshpots of Egypte, whiche will allure you from heauenly respectes, to worldlye securitie, and can thereof neyther make you anye suretie. Beleeue I pray you, the Queene and hir magi∣strates be more delighted with fauourable equi∣tie, than with rashe crueltie. And in that yo•…•… be al Citizens, I wil take my leaue of you with S. Paules farewell to the Ephesians▪ Citizen•…•… •…•…lso you be▪ whome he tooke to recorde that he was pure from shedding any bloude, a special token, a doctrine left for your instruction, that euerye of you may washe his handes of innocents bloude•…•… shedde, when you shall take your leaue of this wretched worlde. The holy ghost be amongst you.

Sendall▪

Come hither Sergeaunt, take the Iurye with you, and suffer no man to come at them, but to be ordered as the lawe appointeth, vntill they be agreed vpon their verdit.

Throckmor.

It may please you my Lordes and maisters which be Commissioners▪ to giue order that no person haue accesse or conference with the Iurie, neither that any of the Queenes learned Coun∣sayle be suffered to repayre to them, or to talke with any of them, vntill they present themselues here in open Court▪ to publish their verdit.

Vpon the prisoners suite on this behalfe, the Benche gaue order that two sergeauntes were sworne to suffer no man to repaire to the Iurie, vntill they were agreed.

Then the prisoner was by commandement of the Benche withdrawne from the barre, and the Court adiourned vntill three of the clocke at afternoone, at whiche houre the Commissioners returned to the Guilde hall, and there did tarie vntill the Iurie were agreed vpon the verdit. And aboute fiue of the clocke, their agreement being aduertised to the Commissioners, the sayde pri∣soner, Sir Nicholas Thorkmorton was again brought to the barre, where also the Iurie did repaire, and being demaunded whether they were agreed vpon their verdit, aunswered vni∣uersally with one voyce, yea. Then it was asked who shoulde speake for them: they aunswered Whetston the foreman.

Sendall.

Nicholas Throckmorton knight, holde vp thy hande.

Then the prisoner did so vppon the sum∣mons.

Sendall.

You that bee of the Iurie, looke vppon the prisoner.

The Iurie did as they were enioyned.

Sendall.

Howe saye you, is Maister Throckmorton Knight there prisoner at the barre, guiltie of the treasons whereof hee hathe bin indited and ar∣raigned in manner and forme, yea or no?

Whetston,

No.

Sendall.

Howe say you, did he flie vpon them?

Whetston:

No we finde no suche thing.

Throckmor.

I hadde forgotten to aunswere that question before: but you haue founde according to truth: and for the better warrantie of your dooings, vn∣derstande that I came to London, and so to the [ 10] Queenes counsell vnbroughte, when I vnder∣stoode they demaunded for mee: and yet I was almoste an hundred miles hence, where if I had not presumed vppon my truthe, I coulde haue withdrawen my selfe from catching.

Bromley.

Howe saye you the reste of yee, is Whetstons verdict all your verdicts?

The whole Inquest answered yea.

Bromley.

Remember youre selues better, haue you con∣sidered substancially the whole euidence in sorte [ 20] as it was declared and recited, the matter dothe touche the Queenes highnesse, and your selues also, take good heede what you doe.

Whetston.

My Lorde, wee haue throughly considered the euidence laide agaynste the prisoner, and his aunsweres to all these matters, and accordingly wee haue founde him not guiltie agreable to all our consciences.

Bromley.

If you haue done well, it is the better for [ 30] you.

Throckmor.

It is better to bee tried, than to liue suspected. Blessed be the Lorde God of Israell, for he hath visited and redeemed his people, and hathe raised vp a mightie saluation for vs in the house of his seruaunte Dauid. And it maye please you my Lorde chiefe Iustice, forasmuche as I haue ben indited and arrained of sundry treasons, and haue according to the lawe put my triall to god and my countrey, that is to say, to these honest [ 40] men whiche haue founde me not guiltie, I hum∣bly beseeche you to giue me such benefite, acqui∣tall and iudgement, as the lawe in this case doth appointe.

When the prisoner had saide these wordes the Commissioners consulted togither.

Throckmor.

Maye it please you my Lorde chiefe Iustice to pronounce sentence for my dischardge.

Bromley.

Where as you doe aske the benefite that the lawe in suche case dothe appointe, I will giue it [ 50] you .vi•…•…. That where you haue bene indited of sundrye highe treasons, and haue bene here this daye beefore the Queenes Commissioners and Iustices arreigned of the saide treasons, where∣vnto you haue pleaded not guyltye, and haue for triall therein putte youre selfe on God, and youre countrey, and they haue founde you not guiltie, the Courte doth award that you be cler∣ly discharged paying your fees. Notwithstan∣dyng Mayster Liuetenaunt take hym with you agayne, for there are other matters to chardge hym with.

Throckmor

It may please you my Lords and masters of y^e Quenes highnes priuie coūsel, to be on my be∣halfe humble sutors to hir Maiestie, that like as the lawe this daye (God bee praised) hathe pur∣ged mee of the treasons wherewith I was most dangerously charged, so it might please hir excel∣lent maiestie to purge mee in hir priuate iudge∣mente, and bothe forgyue and forgette my ouer rashe boldenesse, that I vsed in talke of hir high∣nesse marriage with the prince of Spaine, mat∣ters to farre aboue my capacitie, and I very vn∣able to consider the grauitie therof, a matter im∣pertinent for mee a priuate person to talke of, which did appertain to hir highnesse priuy coūsel to haue in deliberation, and if it shall please hir highnesse of hir bountifull liberalitie, to remitte my former ouersightes, I shall thinke my selfe happye for triall of the daunger that I haue this daye escaped, and maye thereby admonishe mee to eschewe thinges aboue my reache, and also to instructe mee to deale with matters agreable to my vocation, and god saue the Queenes Ma∣iestie and graunte the same long to raigne ouer vs, and the same Lorde bee praised for you the Magistrates, beefore whome I haue hadde my triall this daye indifferentlye by the Lawe, and you haue proceeded with mee accordinglye, and the grace of God bee amongst you nowe and e∣uer.

There was no aunswere made by any of the benche to the prisoners sute, but the Attorny did speake these wordes.

The attorney

And it please you my Lordes, forasmuche as it seemeth these men of the Iurie which haue straungely acquite the prisoner of his treasons whereof hee was indited, will forthwith departe the Courte, I praye you for the Queene, that they, and euerye of them maye bee bounde in a recognizance of fiue hundrethe pounde a peece to aunswere to such matters as they shall be char∣ged with▪ in the Queenes behalfe, whensoeuer they shall be chardged or called.

Whetston▪

I praye you my Lordes bee good vnto vs, and lette vs not bee molested for dischardgyng our consciences truelye, we bee poore marchant∣men, and haue great chardge vpon our hands, and our lyuynges doe depende vppon our tra∣uailes, therefore it maye please you to appoynte vs a certaine daye for our appearaunce, bycause, perhappes else some of vs maye bee in forreine parties aboute our businesse.

Thus much for Sir Nicholas Throckmor∣tons arreignement, wherein is to be considered, that the repealing of certaine Statutes in the

last Parliament, was the chiefe matter he had to alledge for his aduauntage, where as the re∣pealing of the same statutes, was ment not∣withstanding for an other purpose, as before you haue partly hearde, which statutes, or the effect of the chiefe branches of them haue bene sithence that time againe reuiued, as by the bookes of the statutes it maye better appeare, to the whiche I referre the Reader.

The xxvij. of Aprill, the Lorde Thomas [ 10] Graye, brother to the Duke of Suffolke, was beheaded at the tower hill, a proper gentleman, and one that had serued right valiantly both in Fraunce and Scotlande, in the dayes of the late kings Henrie and Edwarde.

Vpon Saterdaye the xxviij. of Aprill, Sir Iames a Croft, and maister Willyam Winter were brought from the tower to the Guilde hall in London, where Sir Iames Crofts was ar∣reygned: but bicause the daye was farre spent, [ 20] maister Winter was not arraigned, but caried backe againe to the tower with the sayde Sir Iames a Croft.

William Thomas, of whome mencion is made before in the hystorie of Sir Thomas Wiat, with certaine other, were arraigned and condemned for the conspiring of the murther and killing of the Queene vpon the sodaine, and for that offence, the sayde Willyam Thomas was the xviij. daye of Maye, drawne, hanged, [ 30] and quartered at Tiburne.

The xix. daye of Maye next following, the Ladie Elizabeth sister to Queene Msrie, was deliuered out of the Tower, and committed to the custodie of Sir Iohn Williams knight, af∣terward Lorde Williams of Tame, by whom hir Grace was more courteously intreated than some woulde haue wished. Wherefore shortlye after shee was committed to the manour of Woodstocke, vnder the custodie of Sir Henrie [ 40] Beningfielde of Oxenboroughe in the countie of Norffolke, knight, at whose hands she found not the like curtesie, who (as it is well knowne) vsed his office more like a Iaylor than a Gentle∣man, and with such rigour as was not meete to be shewed to such an estate.

But here is to be noted, not so much the vn∣ciuile nature of the man, as the singular lenitie and gracious clemencie of that gentle and ver∣tuous Princesse, who afterwarde (as shall ap∣peare) [ 50] comming to the possession of the Crowne as hir rightfull inheritance, was at that time so farre from reuenge of iniuries receyued, that whereas diuerse Princes haue requited muche lesse offences with losse of life, she neuer touched him eyther with daunger of life, eyther losse of landes or goodes, nor neuer proceeded further than to discharge him of the Court, which ma∣ny thought was the thing that pleased him best. At whose departing from hir presence, she vsed onely these wordes, or the like in sense: God forgiue you that is past, and we doe, and if we haue any prisoner whome we would haue hard∣ly handled and straitly kept, then we will sende for you.

The xxv. of May, the Earle of Deuonshire was brought oute of the tower at three of the clocke in the morning, Sir Thomas Tresham knight, and maister Chamberlaine of Suffolk, with certaine of the Garde, being appointed to attende him vnto Frodinghey Castell in Nor∣thamptonshire, where hee was assigned to re∣mayne vnder custodie of the saide sir Thomas Tresham and others.

The xj. of Iune, the Lorde Iohn Grey, bro∣ther to the late D. of Suffolk, was arreigned at Westminster in the Kings benche, and there condemned: but yet through the painefull tra∣uayle and diligent suite of the Ladie Grey hys wife, his pardon was obteyned, & so he escaped with life, and was at length set at libertie, as af∣ter it shall appeare.

But nowe in this meane while that these things thus passed here in England, the Prince of Spaine prepared for his hither comming, vn∣to whome had bene sent the Earle of Bedforde Lorde priuie seale, and the Lorde Fitzwaters, accompanied with diuerse noble men and Gen∣tlemen, who arriuing at the Corone in Gali∣cia, were receyued very honourably. And foras∣much as the Prince was then at Vale Dolido, distant from thence neare hande an hundreth leagues, they were desired to stay there for their better ease, till hee might haue conuenient o∣portunitie to repaire thither, which neuerthelesse he coulde not do so soone as he pretended to haue desire thereto, as well by reason of the sickenesse of his sister, the Princes Dowager of Portu∣gall, as by other weightie affaires. But being at length ridde of suche encombers, and come into Galicia, the Englishe ambassadors mette him at Saint Iames de Compostella, and after hee had in presence of a great number of Noble men and Gentlemen, there ratified the contract, and sworne to obserue the couenants, he depar∣ted towardes Corone, where within a fewe dayes after hee embarked, and accompanied with the number of Cl. sayle, directed his course towards Englande.

The Lorde Admirall hauing continuallye bene abroade on the seas for the space of three moneths or more with a nauie of xxviij. ships & other vessels, accompanied also with the Vice-admirall of the lowe Countries, that had vnder his gouernance xiiij. shippes of the Emperours, met with the sayde Prince the xix. of Iulye, a∣bout

the Needles, and from thence accompa∣nied him vnto Southampton where he arriued the morowe after the xx. of Iulye, the Earle of Arundell Lorde Stewarde of the Queenes house, being sent from hir to present to him the George, and the Garter of the order (of the which fellowship, he was at the last Chapiter holden by the Confreers chosen one of the com∣panie) met him vpon the water, and at his com∣ming to lande, presented the sayde George and [ 10] Garter vnto him.

At his landing he was receyued by the Lord Treasurer, the Bishop of Lincolne, the Lorde Saint Iohn, and others, by whom he was first conueyed to the Church, and from thence to his lodging.

After his landing, the Lorde Chaunceller accompanied with diuerse Gentlemen, was sent from the Queene to bidde him welcome on hir behalfe, and so was hee visited by diuerse noble [ 20] personages whilest he remayned at Southamp∣ton, sent thither for that purpose, and he on the other part, sent diuerse of his noble men to visit hir maiestie on his behalfe.

Monday the xxiij. of Iuly, he departed from Southampton towardes Winchester, whither shee was the Saturdaye before remoued from Bishops Waltham.

On the way he was accompanied, beside the Noblemen and Gentlemen of his owne trayne, [ 30] with the Marques of Winchester, the Earles of Arundell, Darbie, Worceter, Bedford, Rut∣lande, Penbroke, Surrey, the Lordes Clinton, Cobham, Willoughbye, Darcie, Matrauers, Talbot, Strange, Fitzwarren, and North, with many other Noblemen and Gentlemen, and their traynes, to the number of two thou∣sande horses.

At his comming to the Churche in Win∣chester, the Lorde Chauncelour accompanied [ 40] with the Bishops of Duresme, Elye, London, Lincolne, Chichester, and diuerse other Pre∣lates, were readie to receiue him.

After he had made his prayers, he was con∣ueyed to his lodging prepared for him in the Deanes house.

The Queene hir selfe was lodged in the Bishops pallace, whither his highnesse the next day came, and was receyued by hir in the hall, in most courteous and louing maner. And after [ 50] such salutatiōs and talke ended, as was thought conuenient for the time, he returned to his lod∣ging, where hee continued all that night, and the next daye being the xxv. of Iuly, the mari∣age was openly solemnised. At the which were present, the Ambassadors of the Emperour the King of Romaynes, the King of Boheme, of Venice, Florence, Ferrare, and Sauoye, with certaine agents of other states in Italy.

As for the shotte of ordinaunce, the diuerse kyndes of musicke, the sumptuous and costlye apparell, trappers, and other furniture, readye prouided against the receyuing of him, with o∣ther ceremonies vsed aswell about the mariage; as in other places where he was to be receyued, were surely such, and euery thing done in suche good order, as better for such a purpose, might not lightly be deuised.

The names of the Noble men that came ouer from Spaine with the Prince, were as followeth.

• The Duke of Alua.
• The Duke of Medina celi.
• The Admirall of Castilla.
• The Marques of Bergues.
• The Marques of Piscara.
• The Marques of Saria.
• The Marques of Valli.
• The Marques of Aguillar.
• The Earle of Egmonde.
• The Earle of Horne.
• The Earle of Feria.
• The Earle of Chinchon.
• The Earle of Oliuares.
• The Earle of Saldana.
• The Earle of Modica.
• The Earle of Fuentesalida.
• The Earle of Landriano.
• The Earle of Castellar.
• Don Ruigomes.
• The Bishop of Cuenca.
• Don Iohn de Benauides. And diuerse o∣thers.

But nowe forasmuch as some woulde hap∣pily be desirous to knowe the conditions of this memorable mariage betwixte these two highe Princes, the consequence whereof might haue proued of so great importance, although by the Queenes decease the effect was made voyde, I haue thought good to recite in briefe the chief ar∣ticles thereof.

First it was couenanted that he shoulde en∣ioye the title and name of King, during the ma∣trimonie, and shoulde ayde hir highnesse being his wife, in the administration of hir Realmes and dominions: but yet he shoulde permit and suffer hir to haue the whole disposition of all be∣nefices, and offices, landes, reuenues, & fruites of the sayde Realmes and dominions, and that the same shoulde be bestowed vpon such as were hir naturall borne subiectes, and that all mat∣ters of the sayd Realmes and dominions should bee treated and mayned in the same tongues, wherein of old they haue ben wont to be treated.

That the Queene by vertue of the sayde ma∣riage shoulde bee admitted into the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the Realmes and Dominions of the sayde Prince of Spaine, as well such as he nowe pre∣sently hath, as suche other also, as during the matrimonie may come to him.

And for hir dower, in case shee ouerliued him, she was appointed to receyue yearely three score thousande pounde, after the value of fortie groates Flemmishe money the pounde, to be al∣lotted [ 10] vpon all the Realmes, landes, and Pa∣trimoniall dominions of his father the Empe∣rour, that is to saye, fortie thousande pounde to be assigned vpon the Realmes of Spaine, Ca∣stile, and Arragon, according to the custome of those Realmes. The other twentie thousande poundes were appointed vpon the Dukedomes, Earledomes, and dominions of Brabant, Flan∣ders, Henault, Hollande, and other patrimoni∣all landes and inheritaunce of the sayde Em∣perour [ 20] in the lowe Countries of Germanie, in like maner as the Ladie Margaret of Eng∣lande, sometime wife and widowe of the Lorde Charles, sometime Duke of Burgongne, had and receyued of the same. And if anye parcell or parcels thereof be alienated, then in lieu thereof, other landes shoulde bee in due forme assigned forth for hir to enioy, lying neare to the residue of hir dower.

The issue that shoulde chaunce to come of [ 30] this mariage, touching the right of the mothers inheritance in the realme of Englande, and the other Realmes and dominions depending of the same, aswell the males as females, shoulde succeede in them, according to the lawes, sta∣tutes, and customes of the same.

And as touching the landes that the sayde Prince of Spaine shall leaue behinde him: first there shoulde bee reserued vnto his eldest sonne the Lord Charles of Austrich, infant of Spaine, [ 40] and to the children and heyres of him descen∣ding, as well females as males, all and singu∣lar their rights, which to the sayde Prince doe eyther then, or thereafter shuld belong, or should at any time be deuolued to him in the Realmes of Spaine, of bothe the Sicilles, in the Duke∣dome of Millaine, and other landes and domi∣nions in Lumbardie and Italie, whiche neuer∣thelesse shall be burdened and charged with the foresayde dower of fortie thousande pounde. [ 50] And if it fortuned the sayde Lorde Charles to die, and the issue of his bodie to sayle, then the eldest sonne of this matrimonie should succeede, and be admitted vnto the sayde right, according to the nature, lawes, and customes of those Realmes and dominions. The same eldest sonne shoulde also succeede in all the Duke∣domes, Earledomes, Dominions, and patri∣moniall landes belonging vnto the sayde Em∣perour father to the sayde Prince of Spaine, as well in Burgongne, as in the lowe countries, in the Dukedomes of Brabant, Luxenburgh, Gelderland, Zutphane, Burgongne, Frezeland, in the counties of Flaunders, A•…•…thoys, Holland, Zelande, Naniure, and the lande beyonde the Isles, and all other whatsoeuer therevnto be∣longing.

But if the sayde Lord Charles, or they that shoulde come of him, remayne in life, and that there be any male childe by this matrimonie, the sayde Lorde Charles and his descendentes shoulde then bee excluded from the sayde landes and patrimoniall dominions of the lowe coun∣tries, and of Burgongne, and the same shoulde discende vnto the sayde eldest sonne borne of this matrimonie. And to the other children borne thereof, as well males as females, a conuenient portion and dower shoulde bee allotted in the Realme of Englande, and Dominions depen∣ding of the same, and in the sayde landes and patrimoniall dominions of the lowe countries, and neyther the eldest sonne of this matrimonie, nor the sonnes begotten in the same, should pre∣tende anye right in the Realme of Spaine, or the dominions of the same, and reserued to the sayde Lorde Charles the infant, otherwise than by their fathers and Grandfathers dispo∣sition.

Moreouer, if it fortune no issue male to bee borne of this matrimonie, but onely females, in that case, the eldest female shoulde with full right succeede in the sayde landes and domini∣ons of the lowe Countries, so as neuerthelesse she being minded to choose to husbande any no∣ble manne not borne in Englande, or in the lowe Countries, without consent of the sayde Lorde Charles the infant, in that case the right of the succession shoulde remayne to the sayde Lorde Charles, in the sayde dominions of the lowe Countries, Burgongne, and their appur∣tenances. And yet neuerthelesse in that case, both she and the other daughters also descending of this matrimonie, shall bee endowed of their fa∣thers landes and possessions aswell in Spaine, as in the lowe countries.

And for want of the sayde Lorde Charles, and issue of him, and none but daughters re∣mayning of this mariage, the eldest daughter in that case shoulde succeede, not onelye in the landes of the lowe Countries, but also in the Realmes of Spaine, Englande, and the rest, after the nature, lawes, and customes of the same.

Herewith was a Prouiso accorded, that what soeuer he or she shoulde bee that shoulde succeede in them, they shoulde leaue to euery of the sayde

Realmes, landes, and Dominions, whole and entire their priuiledges, rightes, and customes, and gouerne the same by the naturall borne of the same Realmes, Dominions, and landes. &c.

Finally, that betweene the sayde Emperor, the Prince and his successors, their Realmes, and the sayde Queene, it was concluded, that from thenceforth there shoulde bee an intire and sincere fraternitie, vnitie, and most straite con∣federacie [ 10] for euer. &c. so as they shoulde mu∣tuallye ayde one another in all things, accor∣ding to the strength, forme, and effecte of the later treatie of a streite amitie, bearing date at Westminster, in the yeare 1542. the declaration of whiche treatie, beareth date at Vtreight the xvj. of Ianuarie, in the yeare 1546.

In another treatise were these articles follo∣wing comprised.

First, that the Prince of Spaine shoulde not [ 20] promote, admitte, or receyue to any office, ad∣ministration, or benefice in the Realme of Englande, or Dominions to the same belon∣ging, any straunger, or persons not borne vnder the subiection of the saide Queene.

That he shoulde receyue into his housholde and Courte, Gentlemen and yeomen of the sayde Realme of Englande, in a conuenient number, esteeming, interteyning, and nouri∣shing them as his proper subiectes, and bring [ 30] none with him in his retinue, that will doe a∣ny wrong to the subiectes of the sayde Realme, and if they doe, hee to correcte them with con∣digne punishment, and to see them expelled his Courte.

That hee shall doe nothing whereby anye thing bee innouated in the state and righte, eyther publicke or priuate, or in the lawes and customes of the sayde Realme of Englande, or the dominions therevnto belonging. But shall [ 40] keepe to all estates and orders, their rights and priuiledges.

That he shall not leade awaye the Queene oute of the borders of hir Graces Realme, vn∣lesse she hir selfe desire it, or carie the children that maye bee borne of this matrimonie, out of the same realme, vnlesse it be otherwise thought good by the consent and agreement of the No∣bilitie of Englande.

And in case no children being left, the sayde [ 50] Queene do die before him, he shall not chalenge anye righte at all in the sayde kingdome, but without impediment shall permit the successi∣on thereof to come vnto them, to whome it shall belong, by the right and lawes of the Realme.

Item, that hee shall not beare nor carye ouer oute of the sayde Realme, the iewels and precious things of estimation. Neyther shall he alienate or doe away any whit of the appur∣tenances of the sayde Realme of Englande, or suffer anye parte of them to bee vsurped by his subiectes, or anye other: But shall see, that all and singular places of the Realme, and speci∣allye the fortes and frontiers of the same, bee faithfully kept and preserued to the vse and pro∣fite of the sayde Realme, and by the naturall borne of the same.

He shall not suffer any shyppe, gunnes, or∣dinaunces whatsoeuer of warre or defence, to be remoued or conueyed out of the same realme, but shall contrariwise cause them diligently to be kept, and vewed when neede requireth, and shall so prouide that the same maye be alwayes readye in their strength and force for defence of the Realme.

Item, the Realme of Englande by occasion of this matrimonie, shall not directly nor indi∣rectly bee intangled with the warre that is be∣tweene the Emperour, father to the sayde Prince of Spayne, and Henrie the Frenche King, but he the sayde Prince, as muche as in him maye lie, on the behalfe of the sayde realme of Englande, shall see the peace betweene the sayde Realmes of Fraunce and Englande ob∣serued, and shall giue no cause of any breach, by which couenant the later treatise of a strayte a∣mitie, shoulde not bee in anye poynt derogated, but the same still to remayne in the foremer force. &c.

But nowe to returne where wee left. At the time of the solemnization of the foresayde ma∣riage holden at Winchester, as before yee haue hearde, the Emperours ambassadours beyng present, openlye pronounced, that in conside∣ration of that mariage, the Emperour had gi∣uen and graunted to the sayde Prince hys sonne, the Kingdome of Naples, Hierusalem, with diuerse other seates and seigniories.

The solemnitie of that marriage ended, the King of Heraultes called Garter, openlye in the Churche, in the presence of the King, the Queene, the Lordes as well of Englande as Spayne, and all the people being pre∣sente, solemnelye proclaymed the Tytle and style of those twoo Princes, as follo∣weth.

Philip and Marie by the grace of God, King and Queene of Englande, Fraunce, Naples, Hierusalem, and Irelande, Defenders of the fayth, Princes of Spayne, and Scicilie, Arche∣dukes of Austriche, Dukes of Millayne, Bur∣gundie, and Brabant, Counties of Haspurge, Flaunders, and Tyroll.

The Proclamation being ended, the trum∣pettes blewe, and the King and the Queene

came forthe of the Churche hande in hande, and two swords borne before them, and so returned to their pallace.

And assoone as the feasting and solemnitie of the saide marriage was ended, the King and Queene departed from Winchester, and by ea∣sie iourneyes came to Windsore castell, where the v. of August being Sundaye, hee was stal∣led according to the order of the Garter, and there kept Saint Georges feast himselfe in hys [ 10] royall estate, and the Earle of Sussex was also the same time stalled in the order.

The vij. of Auguste was made a generall huntyng with a toyle raysed of foure or fiue myles in lengthe, so that many a Deare that day was brought to the quarrie.

The xj. of August they remoued to Riche∣monde, and from thence the xxvij. of the same moueth by water they came to London, lan∣ding at the Bishop of Winchesters house, tho∣rowe [ 20] which they passed both into Southwarke Parke, and so to Suffolke place, where they lodged that night, and the next daye being Sa∣terday and the xix. of August, they being accom∣panied with a great number of Nobles and gen∣tlemen, roade from thence ouer the bridge, and passed thorough London vnto Westminster, the Citie being beautified with faire and sump∣tuous pageantes, and hanged with riche and costly silkes, and clothes of golde and siluer, in [ 30] most royall wise.

At their passing ouer the bridge, there was shot such a peale of artillerie off from the tower, as had not bene hearde a greater in many yeares before.

In September, the Duke of Norffolke de∣parted this life at Fremingham castell in Nor∣folke, and there was honourably buried among his ancestors.

Vpon Friday the xxvj. of October, those ho∣nest [ 40] men that had bene of maister Throckmor. quest, being in number eyght (for the other foure were deliuered oute of prison, for that they sub∣mitted themselues, and saide they had offended like weaklings, not considering truth to be truth, but of force for feare said so) these eyght men I say (whereof master Emanuell Lucar, and ma∣ster Whetstone, were chiefe) were called before the Counsell in the starre Chamber, where they affirmed that they had done all things in that [ 50] matter according to their knowledge, and with good consciences, euen as they should aunswere before God at the day of iudgemēt. Where ma∣ster Lucar said openly before all the Lordes that they had done in the matter like honest men, and true and faithfull subiectes, and therefore they humbly besought my L. Chancelor and the o∣ther Lords, to be meanes to the King & Quenes maiesties, that they might be discharged and set at libertie: and said that they were all contented to submit themselues to their Maiesties, sauing & reseruing their truth, consciences & honesties.

The Lords taking their words in maruey∣lous euill part, iudged them worthie to paye ex∣clusiue 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Some sayde they were worthie to pay M. lb a peece. Other sayde that Lucar and Whetstone were worthie to pay a M. markes a peece, and the rest v.C. lb a peece. In conclusi∣on, sentence was giuen by the L. Chauncelour, that they should pay a M. markes a pece, he that payde least, and that they should go to prison a∣gaine, and there remaine till further order were taken for their punishment.

The xxx. of October being Tuesdaye, the L. Iohn Grey was deliuered out of the tower, and set at libertie.

Vppon Saterdaye the x. of Nouember, the Sherifes of London had commaundement to take an inuentorie of euery one of their goodes, whiche were of maister Throckmortons quest, and to seale vppe their doores, which was done the same daye.

Maister Whetstone and maister Lucar, and maister Kighley, were adiudged to paye two thousand pounds a peece, & the rest a M. markes a peece, to be paid within one fortnight after.

From this paymente were exempted those foure which confessed a fault, and therevpon had submitted themselues, whose names are these: master Loe, master Pointer, master Beswicke, and master Cater.

The xij. of Nouember being Mondaye, the Parliament begā at Westminster, to the begin∣ning whereof both the King and Queene roade in their Parliament roabes, hauing two swords borne before them. The Earle of Pembroke bare his sworde, and the Earle of Westmerland bare the Queenes. They had two Cappes of maintenance likewise borne before them: wherof the Earle of Arūdell bare the one, and the Earle of Shrewesburie the other. During this Parlia∣ment, Cardinall Poole landed at Douer vppon Wednesday, being the xxj. of Nouember, who being receyued with muche honour in all other countries through which he had passed, was re∣ceyued here at the first, with no great shewe, for the causes aboue mentioned. The same daye on the whiche he arriued, an acte passed in the Par∣liament house, for his restitution in blud, vtterly repealing (as false and most slaunderous) y^e acte made against him in K. Hērie y^e viij. his time. And on the next day being Thursday & the xxij. of Nouember, the King and Queene both came to the Parliament house to giue their royall as∣sent▪ and to establishe this acte against his com∣ming. On Saterday the xxiiij. of Nouember,

he came to the Court, and after went to Lam∣beth where his lodging was prepared.

On Wednesdaye following in the after∣noone, he came into the Parliament house, being at that present kept in the great Chamber of the Courte of Whyte hall, for that the Queene by reason of sickenesse was not able to go abroade, (where the King and Queene sitting vnder the clothe of estate, and the Cardinall sitting on the right hande, with all the other estates of the [ 10] Realme being present) and the Knightes and Burgesses of the Common house being also called thither, the Bishoppe of Winchester be∣ing Lorde Chauncellour, spake in this ma∣ner.

My Lordes of the vpper house, and you my maisters of the nether house, here is pre∣sent the right reuerende Father in God, my Lorde Cardinall Poole Legate à Latere, come from the Apostolike sea of Rome, as ambassa∣dour [ 20] to the King and Queenes Maiesties, vp∣pon one of the weyghtiest causes that euer hap∣pened in this Realme, and which appertayneth to the glorie of God, and your vniuersall bene∣fite, the which ambassade, their Maiesties plea∣sure is, to be signified vnto you all by his owne mouth, trusting that you will receyue and ac∣cept it in as beneuolent and thankfull wise, as their Highnesse haue done, and that you wyll giue attentiue and inclinable eares vnto hys [ 30] Grace, who is nowe readye to declare the same.

So soone as the Lord Chancelor had ended his tale, the Cardinall began & made a long and solemne oration, the which for shortnesse sake I haue collected into these fewe articles.

First hee yeelded moste heartie thankes to the King and Quene: and next vnto the whole Parliament, that of a man exiled and bani∣shed from this Common weale, they had resto∣red [ 40] him agayne to bee a member of the same, and to the honour of his house and familie, and of a man hauing no place, neyther here nor else where, within the Realme, to haue admit∣ted him into a place where to speake, and to bee hearde.

Secondly, that his especiall comming was for the restitution of this Realme to the aunci∣cient estate, and to declare that the sea Aposto∣like hath a speciall care of this Realme aboue all [ 50] other, and chieflye for that this Islande first of all other prouinces of Europe, receiued the light of Christes religion from the sea of Rome.

Thirdlye, hee exhorted, that thoughe the realme had swarued from the catholike vnitie, y^t yet being better informed, we ought to returne into the bosome of the Churche, moste open to receyue all penitents. For the persuasion wher∣of he brought a number of olde examples what perill and hurte hath happened vnto them that haue swarued and gone from the Churche of Rome, namely Greece and Germanie.

Fourthlye, howe muche wee are bounde to God for the King and Queenes Maiesties, and howe miraculouslye God had saued and defended our Queene from hi•…•… enimies in most daungerous times, and also that hee hath pro∣uided to ioyne with hir in mariage▪ such a no∣ble Prince as King Philip was, and one of his owne religion.

Fiftly, he exhorted them all to obedience of these two Princes, and to call vppon God for issue to be had betweene them, adding that king Philips father the Emperour, had among o∣ther Princes trauayled most for the restitution of the peace and vnitie of the Churche. But 〈◊〉〈◊〉 almightie God sayde vnto Dauid, thoughe hee had a mynde and will to builde his Temple, yet bicause he had shedde bloude, he shoulde not buylde it, but his sonne Solomon shoulde buylde it. And so bicause the Emperour ••••the hadde so manye warres, and shedde so muche bloude, therefore he coulde not attaine to bring perfecte peace to the Churche. But truly (sayde hee) this gracious Prince King Philippe his sonne, as I conceyue, is appointed of God to it, considering nowe the calling of him to bee ioyned with so Catholike a Princesse, as is the Queene of this Realme, one withoute all doubte, sente likewise of God, for the resto∣ring of the sayde Realme to the vnitie of the Churche, from whence it hathe erred and gone astraye, as it dothe and maye manifestlye ap∣peare.

Sixtlye, hee protested that his Commission was not to preiudice anye person: for he came not to destroye, but to buylde: hee came to re∣concile, and not to condemne: hee came not to compell, but to call agayne: hee came not to call anye thing in question alreadye done: but his Commission was of grace and clemen∣cie to all suche as woulde receyue it. For touchynge all matters paste, and done, they shoulde bee caste into the sea of Forget∣fulnesse, and neuer more to bee thoughte vp∣pon.

Finallye (sayde hee) the meane whereby to receyue this highe benefite, is first to reuoke and repeale all suche lawes as are impedimentes, blockes, and barres, to this moste gracious re∣conciliation. For like as hee himselfe hadde no place to speake there before suche lawes were abrogated and remoued, as stoode in hys waye, euen so they coulde not receyue the Grace offered frome the sea Apostolicke, vntyll these lyke impedimentes of lawes

made agaynst the sea of Rome, were vtterly a∣bolished and repealed. And so in conclusion ad∣uertised them, firste for the glorie of God, and nexte for the conseruation and suretie of the welth, and quietnesse of the whole Realme, that they shoulde earnestly trauayle therein, and that then he would make them participant of the be∣nefite of his commission.

The next day the whole Courte of Parlia∣ment drewe out the forme of a supplication, and [ 10] the nexte daye following, when the King and Queene, and the Cardinall, with all the No∣bles and Commons were assembled agayne in the great chamber of the Whyte hall afore∣sayde, the Bishop of Winchester there declared what the Parliament had determined concer∣ning the Cardinals request; and then offered to the King and Queene the said supplication, the copie whereof followeth.

We the Lordrs Spirituall and Temporal, [ 20] and Commons in this present Parliament as∣sembled, representing the whole bodie of the Realme of Englande and dominions of the same, in the name of our selues particularly, and also of the sayde bodie vniuersally, offer thys oure most humble supplication to youre maie∣sties, to this ende and effect, that the same by youre gracious intercession and meane maye be exhibited to the most reuerende Father in God the Lorde Cardinall Poole Legate, sent speci∣ally [ 30] hither from our most holy father Pope Iu∣lye the thirde, and the sea Apostolike of Rome: Wherein we doe declare our selues verye sorie & repentant of the long schisme and disobedience happening in this Realme, and y^e dominions of the same, agaynste the sea Apostolike, eyther by making, agreeing, or executing of any lawes, ordinaunces or commaundementes against the Primacie of the same sea, or otherwise doing or speaking that might impugne or preiudice the [ 40] same. Offering oure selues, and promising by this our supplicatiō, that for a token and know∣ledge of our sayde repentance, we be and shall be euer readie, vnder, and with the authorities of your maiesties, to the vttermoste of our power to doe that shall lye in vs, for the abrogation and repealing of al the saide lawes & ordinances made and enacted to the preiudice of the sea A∣postolicke, aswell for our selues, as for the whole bodie whome we represent. Wherevpon moste [ 50] humbly wee beseeche your maiestie, as persons vndefiled in offence of his bodie towardes the sayd sea, which neuerthelesse God by his proui∣dence hath made subiect to you, so to sette forthe this our humble suite, as we the rather by youre intercession, may obtaine from the sea Aposto∣like by the sayde moste reuerende father, as well particularly as generally, Absolution, Release, and Discharge from all daungers of suche cen∣sures and sentences as by the lawes of the Church we be fallen into: And that we may as children repentant, be receyued into the bosome and vnitie of Christes Church, so as this noble Realme, with all the members thereof, maye in this vnitie and perfect obedience to the sea Apo∣stolike, and Popes for the time being, serue God and your maiesties, to the furtherance and ad∣uauncement of his honor and glorie. Amen.

This supplication being first openly red, the same was by the Chauncelor deliuered to the King and Queene, with petition to them. to exhibite the same to the Lorde Cardinall. And the King and Queene rysing out of their seates, and doing reuerence to the Cardinall, did deli∣uer the same vnto him.

The Cardinall perceyuing the effect thereof to answere to his expectation, did receiue it most gladly at their Maiesties hands. And then af∣ter that hee had in fewe wordes giuen thankes vnto God, and declared what great cause hee had to reioyce aboue all others, that his cōming from Rome into Englande, had taken suche most happie successe, then hee caused his Com∣mission to be reade (whereby it might appeare he had authoritie from the Pope to absolue thē) which Commission was verye long and large. And that being done, and all the Parliamente on their knees, this Cardinall, by the Popes authoritie, gaue them absolution in maner fol∣lowing.

Our Lorde Iesus Christ whiche with his most precious bloude hath redemed and washed vs from all our sinnes and iniquities, that hee might purchase vnto himselfe a glorious spouse without spot or wrinkle, and whome the father hath appointed heade ouer all his Churche: Hee by his mercie absolue you. And wee by the A∣postolike authoritie giuen vnto vs by the moste holye Lorde Pope Iulius the thirde (his Vice∣gerent in earth) doe absolue and deliuer you, and euery of you, with the whole Realme, and the Dominions thereof, from all heresie and schisme, and from all and euerye iudgementes, censures and paines for that cause incurred. And also wee doe restore you agayne to the vnitie of oure mother the holye Churche, as in oure let∣ters of Commission more plainelye shall ap∣peare.

After this generall absolution receyued, the King and the Queene, and all the Lords, with the rest, went into the Kings chappell, and there sang Te deum with great ioy and gladnesse, for this newe reconciliation.

The reporte of this with great speede flewe to Rome, as well by the French Kings letters, as also by the Cardinalles. Wherevppon the

Pope caused solemne Processions to bee made in Rome, namely one, wherein he himselfe with all hys Cardinals were present, passing with as great solemnitie and pomp as might be, gyuing

[illustration]

thankes to God with greate ioy, for the conuer∣sion of England to his Churche. At what time also, hee not a little commended the diligence of Cardinall Poole, and the deuotion of the Kyng and Queene.

And on Christmas euen next following, hee set forth by hys Bulles a generall pardon to all suche as did reioyce in the same reconciliation.

The eyght and twentith of Nouember nexte [ 30] following, it was commonly reported, that the Queene was quicke with childe, and therefore commaundemente was gyuen by Edmonde Bonner then Byshoppe of London (and as it was sayde, not withoute the commaundement of the Counsell) that there shoulde bee made in most solemne manner one generall Procession in London, wherein the Maior, and all the companyes of the Citie were in theyr liueries, at whose returne to the Churche of Poules, [ 40] there was song very solemnely Te Deum for ioy thereof.

The second daye of December beeing Son∣day. Cardinall Poole came to Poules Churche in London with great pomp, hauing borne be∣fore hym a Crosse, two pillers, and two pol∣laxes of siluer, and was there solemnely recey∣ued by the Byshoppe of Winchester, Chancel∣loure of Englande, who mette hym with Pro∣cession. [ 50]

And shortly after, Kyng Philippe came from Westminster by lande, beeyng accom∣panyed with a greate number of hys Nobles.

And the same day, the Byshoppe of Win∣chester preached at Poules Crosse•…•…, in the whyche Sermon hee declared, that the Kyng and Queene hadde restored the Pope to hys ryghte of primacie, and that the three estates assembled in Parliamente, representyng the whole bodye of the Realme, hadde submitted themselues to hys holynesse, and to his succes∣sors for euer.

And in the same also, hee greately praysed the Cardinall, and sette forth the passing hygh authoritie that hee hadde from the Sea of Rome▪ with muche other glorious matter, in the commendation of the Churche of Rome, whyche hee called the Sea Apostolike.

The Sermon beeyng ended, the Kyng and the Cardinall rydyng togyther, returned to White Hall, and the Kyng hadde his sworde borne before hym, and the Cardinall had onely hys Crosse and no more.

The seauen and twentith daye of the sayde moneth, Emanuell Philiberte Earle of Sauoy and Prince of Piemount came into Englande, accompanyed with dyuers other Lordes and Gentlemen straungers, who were receyued at Graues ende by the Earle of Bedforde Lorde priuie seale, and conueyd by water through London bridge to White Hall, where the King and Queene thē lay, and the ninth of Ianuary next following, y^e Prince of Orange was in like maner receiued at Graues end, and from thence conueid to the Court, being at White Hall.

Vpon Wednesday the •…•…2. of December, fiue of y^e eight men which lay in the Fleete, that had passed vpō sir Nicholas Throckmortons triall, were discharged & set at libertie vpon their fyne paid, which was two C. and twentie lb a peece. The other three put vp a supplicatiō, therin de∣claring y^t their goodes did not amount to y^e sūme of y^e which they were appointed to pay & so vpō y^t declaration, paying .60. lb a peece, wer deliuered out of prison, on S. Thomas day before Christ∣mas,

being the one and twentith of December.

The two and twentith of the same moneth, the Parliamente (whyche beganne the two and twentith of Nouember before) was dissolued, wherein among other Actes passed there, the sta∣tute Ex officio, and other lawes made for pu∣nishment of Heresies were reuiued. But chiefe∣ly, the Popes most liberall Bull of dispensation of Abbey lande was there confirmed, muche to the contentation of manye, who not withoute [ 10] cause, suspected by thys new vnion, to lose some peece of their late purchase.

Vpon Friday the eyghtenth of Ianuary, all the Counsell wente vnto the Tower, and there the same day discharged and sette at libertie all the prisoners of the Tower, or the more parte of them, namely, the late Duke of Northum∣berlandes sonnes, the Lordes Ambrose, Ro∣berte and Henrye. Also, Sir Andrewe Dud∣ley, Sir Iames Croftes, Sir Nicholas [ 20] Throckmorton, Sir Iohn Rogers, Sir Ni∣cholas Arnolde, Sir George Harper, Sir Ed∣warde Warner, Sir William Sentlow, Sir Gawen Carewe, William Gibbes Esquier, Cutbert Vaughan, and dyuers other.

Moreouer aboute thys season, dyuers learned men beeyng apprehended, and in prison for matters of Religion, were broughte before the Byshoppes of Winchester and London, and o∣ther the Byshoppes and Commissioners ap∣poynted [ 30] therefore, who vppon the constante standyng of the sayde learned men in their opi∣nions, whyche they hadde taken vppon them to mainteine, as grounded vppon the true worde of God, as they protested, proceeded in iudge∣mente agaynste them, and so diuers of them were brente at London in Smithfielde, and in dyuers other places, as in the Booke of Monu∣ments ye may reade.

In February next folowing, Doctor Thirle∣by Byshoppe of Ely, and Anthony Lord Mon∣tagewe, [ 40] with a very honorable traine of Gentle∣men and others, rode forth of the Citie of Lon∣don toward Rome as Ambassadors, sente from the King and Queene, to confirme this newe reconciliation to the Pope.

A yong stripling, whose name was William Fetherston, a Millers sonne, aboute the age of eyghtene yeares, named and bruted himselfe to bee King Edwarde the sixth, whereof when the Queene and the counsayle hearde, they caused [ 50] with all diligence enquirie to be made for hym, so that hee was apprehended in Southwarke, or as other haue, at Eltham in Kent the tenth of May, & brought before the Counsaile at Hamp∣ton Court, and there examined. And it was de∣maunded of him why hee so named himselfe, to the whyche he counterfeyting a manner of sim∣plicitie, or rather frensie, woulde make no direct aunswere, but prayed pardon, for hee wist not what hee sayde, affirmyng farther, that hee was counsayled so to saye, and to take vpon him the name, whereof hee accused certayne persons, but hys talke was not found true, wherefore hee was committed to the Marshalsea, as a luna∣tike foole.

And the eyght and twentith daye of May nexte following, the aforesayde counterfeyte Prince was broughte in a carte from the Mar∣shalsea through the Citie of London, with a pa∣per ouer hys head, wherein was written, that he named hymselfe Kyng Edward.

And from thence was conueyd to Westmin∣ster, beeyng ledde rounde aboute the Hall, and shewed to all the people there: and afterwarde taken out of the Carte and stripped, and then whipped rounde aboute the Palace at the same Cartes tayle, and withoute more punishment, was discharged, and set at libertie.

But the nexte yeare following, for that hee had spredde abroade that King Edwarde was aliue, and that he had spoken with him, hee was agayne apprehended, and arraigned of hygh treason, whereof beeyng condemned, he shortly after was drawen to Tiborne, and there hanged and quartered the thirtenth of Marche.

About thys tyme, Edward Courtney, Earle of Deuonshire, of whome before yee haue heard, howe hee was appoynted to remayne at Fo∣•…•…ringhey vnder safe custody, at length was sette at libertie, came to the Courte, and gote licence to passe the Seas, wente into Italy, where shortly after he sickened, and dyed within foure∣teene dayes after hys sicknesse fyrste tooke hym: he was honorably buryed in Padway.

Thys Courtney was the onely sonne and heyre of Henrye, Marques of Exeter, Cousin Germayne to King Henrye the eight, as is said before.

For the saide King and hee were descended of two sisters, Elizabeth and Katherine, two of the daughters of Kyng Edwarde the fourth, whych propinquitie of bloud notwithstandyng, the sayde Marques, for poyntes of treason layde against hym, suffered at the Tower hil, the thir∣tith yeare of the raigne of King Henry the eight, to the greate doloure of the most of the subiectes of thys Realme, who for hys sundry vertues, bare him greate fauour.

After whose death, this yong Gentleman hys sonne, beeyng yet a childe, was committed pri∣soner to the Tower, where hee remayned vntyll the beginning of the raigne of thys Queene Mary (as before you haue hearde.)

Thys Gentleman as it appeared, was borne to bee a Prisoner, for from twelue yeares

of age vnto thirtie, hee hadde scarce two yeares libertie, within the whiche time hee dyed, and obteyned quiet, whiche in his life he could neuer haue.

In the moneth of May nexte followyng, Cardinall Poole, who hadde bin a great labou∣rer for peace betwene the French Kyng and the Emperour, beeyng accompanyed with Steuen Gardiner Byshop of Winchester, and Chan∣cellor of Englande, the Earle of Arundell [ 10] Lorde Stewarde, and the Lorde Paget, were sent by the Kyng and Queene ouer the Sea to Calais, and from thence went to the Towne of Marke, where they mette with the Ambas∣sadours of the Emperoure and the Frenche Kyng.

From the Emperoure were sente the By∣shoppe of Arras, with other.

From the Frenche King was sente the Car∣dinall of Loraine, & the Connestable of France. [ 20]

In thys treatie, Cardinall Poole sate as pre∣sident and Vmpiere in the name of the Queene of England.

This peace was greatly laboured, where at the firste, there was muche hope, but in the ende nothing was concluded, wherefore the seuen∣tenth day of Iune, thys assembly was dissol∣ued, and the English Ambassadors returned a∣gayne into Englande.

In the beginning of September .1555. Kyng [ 30] Philip went ouer into Flanders to the Empe∣rour hys father.

And in the moneth of October nexte follo∣wing, fell so greate a rayne, that the abundance thereof caused the Thames to swell so hygh, that for the space of foure or fyue dayes, the Boates and Barges rowed ouer all Sainte Georges fielde, and the water rose so hygh at Westminster, that lykewise a boate myghte haue bin rowed from the one ende of the Hall to [ 40] the other.

About this time, the Byshoppes of Lincolne, Gloucester, and Bristow, were sent in commis∣sion to Oxford by the Popes authoritie, to ex∣amine Ridley and Latimer, vpon certayne ar∣ticles by them Preached, whiche if they woulde not recant, and consente to the Popes doctrine, then hadde they power to proceede to sentence agaynste them as Heretikes, and to committe them ouer to the secular power. [ 50]

Those two Doctors neuerthelesse stoode con∣stantly to that whyche they hadde taught, and woulde not reuoke, for whyche cause, they were condemned, and after burned in the Towne ditche at Oxforde, the sixtenth daye of Octo∣ber.

In the tyme of whose examination, bycause the Byshoppes aforesayde declared themselues to bee the Popes Commissioners, neyther Rid∣ley nor Latimer woulde doe them anye reue∣rence, but kepte theyr cappes on theyr heads, wherefore they were sharpelye rebuked by the Byshoppe of Lincolne, and one of the officers was commaunded to take off theyr cappes.

Of these menne, and the manner of theyr deathe, yee may reade at large in the Booke of the Monuments of the Churche.

The one and twentith of October, a Par∣liamente was holden at Westminster, in the whyche amongst other thyngs the Queene bee∣ing perswaded by the Cardinall (and other of hir Cleargie) that shee coulde not prosper, so long as shee kepte in hir handes any possessions of the Churche, dyd frankely and freely resigne and render vnto them all those reuenewes ec∣clesiasticall, whych by the authoritie of Parlia∣ment, in the tyme of Kyng Henrye, hadde bin annexed to the Crowne, called the fyrst frutes and tenthes of all Byshoprickes, benefices, and Ecclesiasticall promotions. The resignation whereof, was a greate diminution of the reue∣newes of the Crowne.

Duryng the tyme of this Parliament, Ste∣phen Gardiner Byshoppe of Winchester, and Chancellor of Englande, dyed at hys house called Winchester place, besyde Saint Marye Queries in Southwarke, the ninth day of No∣uember, whose corps was shortly after solemne∣ly from thence conueyd to hys Churche of Winchester, and there buryed.

After whose deathe, Nicholas Heathe Archebyshoppe of Yorke, was preferred by the Queene to the office of the Chauncel∣loure.

In the moneth of Marche nexte following, there was in manner no other talke, but of the greate preparation that was made for the Queenes lying in Childbed, who hadde alrea∣dye taken vppe hir chamber, and sundry Ladies and Gentlewomen were placed about hir in e∣uerye office of the Court. In so muche, that all the Courte was full of Midwiues, Nursses, and Rockers, and this talke continued almost halfe a yeare, and was affirmed true by some of hir Phisitions, and other persons about hir. In so muche, that dyuers were punished for saying the contrary.

And moreouer, commaundemente was gy∣uen in all Churches for Procession, with sup∣plications and prayers to bee made to Almigh∣tie God, for hir safe deliuerie. Yea and dyuers prayers were specially made for that purpose.

And the sayde rumor continued so long, that at the last, reporte was made, that shee was delyuered of a Prince, and for ioye thereof, Belles were roong, and Bonefiers

made, not only in the Citie of London, but also in sundrie places of the Realme, but in the ende, all proued cleane contrarie, and the ioy and ex∣pectatiō of the people vtterly frustrate: for short∣ly it was fully certified (almost to all men) that the Queene was as then neyther deliuered of childe, nor after was in hope to haue any.

Of this the people spake diuersly.

Some sayde, that the rumor of the Queenes conception was spredde for a policie. [ 10]

Some affirmed that she was with childe, but it miscaried.

Some other sayd, that shee was deceiued by a Timpany, or other lyke disease, whereby shee thoughte shee was with childe, and was not. But what the troth was, I referre the reporte thereof to other that know more.

Aboute thys tyme, Brookes Byshoppe of Gloucester, was by the Cardinall sente downe as Commissioner from the Pope to Oxforde, there to sy••••e vppon the examination of Tho∣mas [ 20] Cranmer, Archebyshoppe of Caunterbu∣rie, in suche things as shoulde bee layde to hys charge by Iohn Story, and Thomas Martin, Doctors in the lawes, sent specially in commis∣sion from the Queene. At which time, the sayde Archebyshoppe makyng lowe obeysance to them that sate in the Queenes name, shewed no token of reuerence to the Byshoppe that was the Popes commissioner, who neuerthelesse pro∣ceeded againste hym as Iudge, and conuicted [ 30] hym of Heresie. According to the whiche sen∣tence, the one and twentith day of Marche next followyng, hee was disgraded by Edmonde Bonner and Thomas Thirleby, Byshoppes of London and Ely, sente downe for that pur∣pose, and hee was burned in the same place where Ridley and Latimer before hadde suf∣fered.

[illustration]

[ 40] [ 50]

Before hys deathe, by the perswasion of a Spanishe Frier, named Frier Iohn, a reader of Diuinitie in Oxforde, and by the counsayle of certayne other that putte him in hope of life and pardon, hee subscribed to a recantation, wherein he submitted hymselfe wholly to the Churche of Rome, and continued in the same mind to out∣warde appearance, vntill hee was broughte out of prison, to goe to the fire. Afore whose execu∣tion, a Sermon was made by Doctor Cole, Deane of Poules, in Saint Maries Churche in Oxforde.

And in the ende of hys Sermon, the sayde Doctor Cole prayed the people to en∣cline their eares to suche things as the sayde Cranmer woulde declare vnto them by hys owne mouth, for (saith hee) hee is a man verye repentaunte, and will heere before you all re∣uoke hys errors.

Neuerthelesse, hee dyd cleane contrarye; and with manye teares protested•…•… that hee had subscribed to the sayde recantation agaynste hys conscience, onely for feare of deathe, and hope of lyfe (whyche seemed to bee true) for when hee came to the stake, and the fyre kyn∣dled, hee putte hys ryghte hande into the fyre, and helde it there a good space, saying, that the same hande shoulde fyrste burne, bycause it held the penne to subscribe agaynste hys Lorde God.

Immediately after the deathe of the sayde Byshoppe Cranmer, Cardinall Poole was made Archebyshoppe of Caunterburye, who duryng the lyfe of the other, woulde neuer be consecrated Archebyshoppe. Who so desireth to see more of thys matter, maye see the same at large in the Booke of the Monumentes of the Churche, where you shall also fynde that about thys tyme many were in trouble for Re∣ligion.

The eyght and twentith daye of the afore∣sayde moneth of Marche, by the negligence of the keepers mayde of the gaole of Newgate in London, who lefte a Candle where a greate deale of Strawe was, the same was sette on fyre, and brente all the tymber worke on the Northe syde of the sayd gate.

The Sommer nexte followyng, was a newe conspiracie broughte to lyghte, whyche was, to haue raised warre in the Realme agaynst the Queene, for mayntenaunce whereof, theyr fyrste enterprise was to haue robbed the trea∣surie of the Queenes Exchequer at West∣minster, as it fell out afterwardes in proofe.

The vtterer of whyche conspiracie was one White, who at the beginning was made priuie to the same, wherevpon dyuers of the conspira∣cie, namely, Henrye Peckham, Danyell, De∣thicke, Vdall, Throckmorton, and Captayne Stanton, were apprehended, and dyuers other

fled into Fraunce. Moreouer, Sir Anthony Kingston knight was accused and apprehended for the same, and dyed in the way comming to London.

The eyght and twentith of Aprill, Throck∣morton and Richarde Veale, were drawen to Tiborne, and there hanged and quartred.

The nintenth of May, Stanton was like∣wise executed.

The eyght of Iune, Rossey, Dedike and Be∣dell [ 10] suffered at Tiborne for the same offence.

The eyghtenth of Iune, one Sands, yonger son to the Lord Sands, was executed at Saint Thomas Waterings, for a robberie commit∣ted by him and others to the value of three M. pound.

The seuen and twentith of Iune, eleuen men and two women, were hadde out of Newgate, and in three cartes conueyd to Stratford the bowe, where for Religion, they were brente to [ 20] ashes.

[illustration]

[ 30]

The eight of Iuly, in the beginning of thys fourth yeare of y^e Queenes raigne, Henry Peck∣ham [ 40] and Iohn Danyell were executed, and af∣ter they were dead, were headed on the Tower hill: theyr bodyes were buryed in Barking Church.

This yeare, the hote burning feuers and o∣ther straunge diseases which began the yeare be∣fore, consumed much people in all parts of En∣glande, but namely, of most auntient and graue men, so that in London, betwene the twentith of October, and the last of December, there dyed [ 50] seauen Aldermen, whose names were Henrye Heardson, Sir Richard Dobbeslate Maior, sir William Larston late Maior, Sir Henrye Hoblethorne late Maior, Sir Iohn Champ∣neis late Maior, Sir Iohn Aileph late Sheriffe, and Sir Iohn Gressam late Maior.

Aboute this time came to London an Am∣bassador to the Queene from the Emperoure of Cathai, Moscouia, and Russelande, who was honorably receiued by the Merchants of Lon∣don, hauing trade in those Countreys, who bare all hys costes and charges from the tyme of his entrie into Englande out of Scotlande (for thither by tempest of weather he was driuē, and there forced to land.) And after hys message and Ambassade done to the Queene, hee departed a∣gayne with three fayre Shyppes from Graues∣ende into hys Countrey, when hee had remay∣ned heere by the space of two monethes and more.

Also aboute thys tyme, the Lorde Sturton, for a verye shamefull and wretched murther committed by hym vppon two Gentlemen, the father and the sonne, of the surnames of Har∣gill, beeyng hys neere neighbors, was appre∣hended and committed to the Tower of Lon∣don.

And although the Queene seemed to fauour hym muche, as one professing the Catholyke Religion, yet when shee vnderstoode the trueth of hys vile deede, shee abhorred hym, and com∣maunded that hee shoulde be vsed accordyng to Iustice: wherefore shortly after, he was brought to Westminster and there araigned and founde giltie, and hadde iudgemente as a murtherer to be hanged.

And for the same fact were lykewise condem∣ned foure of his seruantes, and the seconde daye of Marche nexte following, the sayde Lorde with hys sayde seruauntes, were conueyde by the Queenes guarde from the Tower of Lon∣don through the Citie, hee hauyng hys armes pinioned at hys backe, and hys legges bounde vnder the Horse bellie, and so caryed to Salis∣bury, where the sixth daye of Marche nexte, hee was hanged in the market place, and his foure seruauntes were hanged in the Countrey, neere vnto the place where the murther was commit∣ted.

Thys yeare for the more parte, there was in Englande a greate dearthe, namely of corne: for Wheate and Rye were commonly solde for fyue shillings and syxe shilings a busshell, and in some places at hygher prices. But in the later ende of the yeare toward Haruest, the price fell so muche, and specially after newe corne was come into the Barne, that within lesse space than eyghte weekes, from syxe Shyl∣lyngs, it fell to syxteene pence a busshell, and lesse.

Thys presente moneth of Marche, Kyng Philippe, who a long season hadde bin in Flan∣ders to take possession and gouernemente of the lowe Countreys as is aforesayde, did nowe re∣turne into England, and passed through Lon∣don, beeyng accompanyed with the Queene,

and diuers nobles of the Realme.

The foure and twentith of Aprill, Thomas Stafford, seconde sonne to the Lord Stafforde with other, to the number of two and thirtie per∣sons, comming forthe of France by Sea, ar∣riued at Scarbarrough in Yorkeshire, where they tooke the Castell, and helde the same two dayes, and then were taken without effusion of bloud.

The sayde Stafford and Richard Sanders, [ 10] otherwise called Captayne Sanders, with three or foure others, of the which one was a French man, were sente vp to London, and there com∣mitted to prison in the Tower.

The said Stafford and four others, were ar∣raigned and condemned, wherevpon, the eyghte and twentith of May, beeyng Fridaye, the said Stafforde was beheaded on the Tower hill, and on the morrowe three of his compa∣nye, as Strelley, Bradford, and Proctor, were [ 20] drawen from the Tower to Tiborne, and there executed.

Their heads were sette ouer the bridge, and theyr quarters ouer the gates aboute the same Citie.

Captaine Sanders had hys pardon, and so escaped.

The fyrste of May, Thomas Percye was made Knyghte and after Lorde, and on the next daye hee was created Earle of Northumber∣lande. [ 30]

The Queene gaue to him all the landes whych had bin his auncetors remaining at that time in hir handes.

In thys season, although the Frenche Kyng (as was sayd) was verye loth to haue warres wyth Englande, yet the Queene tangling hir selfe contrarye to promise in hir husbands quar∣rell, sente a defyance to the Frenche Kyng, by Clarenceaux Kyng of armes, who comming to [ 40] the Citie of Remes where the sayde King then lay, declared the same vnto hym the seuenth of Iune, being the Monday in Whitson weeke, on the whyche daye, Garter and Norrey Kyng of armes, accompanyed with other Herraultes, and also with the Lorde Maior, and certayne of the Aldermen of the Citie of Londō, by sounde of three Trumpettes, that rode before them, pro∣claymed open warre agaynst the sayde Frenche Kyng, fyrste in Cheape syde, and after in other [ 50] partes of the Citie, where customarily suche Proclamations are made, the Sheriffes styll ridyng wyth the Herraultes, tyll they hadde made an ende, although the Lorde Maior brake off in Cheape syde, and went to Saynte Peters to heare seruice, and after to Poules, where according to the vsage then, hee wente a Procession.

Kyng Philippe bycause of the warres to∣wardes, betwixte him and the Frenche Kyng, the sixth of Iuly passed ouer the Calais, and so into Flaunders, where on that syde the Seas hee made greate prouision for those warres, at whyche tyme, there was greate talke among the common people, muttering that the Kyng makyng small accompt of the Queene, soughte occasions to be absent from hir.

Neuerthelesse, she shortly after caused an ar∣my of a thousand horsemen, and four thousande footemen, with two thousande pioners, to bee transported ouer to hys ayde, vnder the leading of dyuers of the nobilitie, and other valiāt Cap∣taynes, whose names partly followe.

• The Earle of Pembroke, Captayne gene∣rall.
• Sir Anthony Browne, Vicount Monta∣gewe, Lieutenaunte generall vnder the sayde Earle.
• The Lorde Grey of Wilton Lorde Mar∣shall.
• The Earle of Rutlande, generall of the Horsemen.
• The Lorde Clinton, nowe Earle of Lin∣colne, colonell of the footemen.
• The Lorde Russell, nowe Earle of Bed∣forde.
• The Lorde Robert Dudley, now Earle of Leicester, maister of the ordinance.
• The Lord Thomas Howard.
• Sir William West, nowe Lorde de la Ware.
• Sir Edwarde Windesore, after Lorde Windesore.
• The Lord Bray.
• Sir Edmonde Bridges, Lorde Chan∣dos.
• The Lord Ambrose Dudley, now Earle of Warwike.
• The Lord Henry Dudley.
• Edward Randoll Esquier, Sergeant ma∣ior.
• Maister Whiteman, Treasorer of the ar∣mye.
• Edward Chamberlayne Esquier, Captaine of the pioners.
• Sir Richard Legh, trenchmaister.
• Iohn Hiegate Esquier, Prouost Mar∣shall.
• Thomas Heruy Esquier, Muster Mai∣ster.
• Sir Peter Carew.
• Sir William Courtney.
• Sir Giles Stranguish.
• Sir Tho. Finche. M. of the Camp, & other

• nobles, Knightes, and Gentlemen of righte ap∣proued valiance, although diuers of them were suspected to be Protestantes.

The fiftenth of Iuly, the Lady Anne of Cleue departed thys life at Chelsey, and was hono∣rably buryed at Westminster the fifth of Au∣gust, a Lady of righte commendable regarde, courteous, gentle, a good housekeeper, and verye bountifull to hir seruauntes.

The eyghtenth of August, was a solemne [ 10] obsequie celebrate in the Churche of Sainte Paule in London, for Iohn Kyng of Portin∣gale, who departed thys lyfe in Iulye last past.

The Lorde Treasorer was chiefe mour∣ner.

The Queenes army beeyng transported o∣uer to Calais (as before yee haue hearde) mar∣ched to ioyne with Kyng Philippes power, the whyche already beeyng assembled, hadde inua∣ded [ 20] the Frenche confynes, and beeing come be∣fore Sainte Quintines, planted a strong siege before that Towne, to the rescue whereof, the Frenche Kyng sente a greate armye, bothe of Horsemerme and footemen, vnder the leadyng of the Connestable of Fraunce, whiche armye consisted of aboute nyne hundred men at armes, with as manye lyghte horsemen, seauen or eight hundred Reisters, two and twentie ensignes of Lansquenetz, and sixteene ensignes of Frenche [ 30] footemen.

They hadde also wyth them fiftene peeces of greate artillerie, to witte, sixe double Can∣nons, foure long culuerings, the residue ba∣sterd culueryngs, and other peeces of smaller molde.

The Connestable thus guarded, vppon S. Laurence daye, whyche is the tenth of August, approched the Towne, meaning to putte into the same succours of more Souldyers, wyth Dandelot the Admirals brother, that was with∣in the Towne not furnished with suche a gar∣rison as was thoughte expedient for the defence thereof agaynste suche a power as Kyng Philip hadde prepared against it.

The Duke of Sauoy, and other Captaynes of the army that lay at siege before the Towne, aduertised of the Connestables commyng to∣wards them, assembled the most parte of theyr horsemen togither, and with all speede made to∣wards a passage distant from the place wher the French army stoode houering, aboute a two En∣glishe myles, and beeyng gote ouer, they deui∣ded themselues into ryghte troupes of horsemē, led by the Erles of Aygmond, Horne, Maus∣field, the Dukes of Brunswike and others, bee∣ing in all to the number of fyue thousand menne of armes besyde the Swart Rutters and lyghte horsemen, whych gaue suche a furious and cruell charge vpon the Frenchmen, that they not able

[illustration]

to resist the same, were altogither defeated, and theyr battayles as well horsemen as footemen putte to flyghte, whereof Kyng Philip hauyng knowledge, pursued them with all his force, in whiche pursute, there were slayne of the French∣men a greate number, the chiefe whereof were these that follow. Iohn of Bourbon Duke of Anghien, the Vicount of Turaine, the eldest son of Roch du Mayne, the Lorde of Chandenier. with a greate number of other Gentlemen that bare armes in the fielde.

And ther wer takē these prisoners following.

• The Duke of Montmorencie Conestable of Fraunce, hurt with an Harquebuze shotte in the haunch.
• The Duke of Mountpencer, hurte in the heade.
• The Duke of Longueville.
• ...

• The Marshall of Saint Andrewes.
• The Lorde Lewes, brother to the Duke of Mantoa.
• Monsieur de Vasse.
• The Baron of Curton.
• Monsieur de la Roche du Maine.
• The Reingraue Coronell of the Almaines.
• Moreouer the Counte de Roche Foucault.
• Monsieur d' Obigny
• Monsieur de Meru. Sonnes to the Conestable. [ 10]
• Monsieur de Montbrun. Sonnes to the Conestable.
• Monsieur de Biron. Sonnes to the Conestable.
• Monsieur de la Chapelle de Biron.
• Monsieur de Saint Heran.

Beside many other Gentlemen and Captaines of good account and estimation. Yet there esca∣ped the more part of the French horsemen, and many of theyr footmen with certain of their cap∣tains of honor, as the duke of Neuers, the Prince of Conde, brother to the king of Nauerre. The [ 20] Erle of Montmorencie, eldest sonne to the Co∣nestable, the erle of Sancerre, Monsier de Bur∣dillon, and other of the Barons of France.

Within two or three dayes after this ouer∣throw, King Philip with the English armie vn∣der the gouernment of the Erle of Pembroke, and others, came to the siege afore S. Quintines, and so was the siege greatly reenforced, and on the .xxvij. of August by the speciall ayde and helpe of the Englishmen, the Towne of Saint Quin∣tine [ 30] was taken. For when the other Souldiours after diuerse assaultes were repulsed and gaue o∣uer, the English men of a stoute courage gaue a newe onset, by reason whereof the towne was taken. And in rewarde of their well doing, King Phillip graunted them the saccage of the sayde towne. But the Swart Rutters which keepe no rule when they be strongest, set vpon the English¦men, in taking of the spoyle, and killed a greate number of them. [ 40]

This grudge was with much difficultie ap∣peased, and men thought that if the Englishmen being much fewer in nūber had not bin oppressed with the multitude of the other, that it woulde haue growne to a great slaughter on both parts. At the assault the Lorde Henrie Dudley, yongest sonne to the Duke of Northumberlande was slaine with the shotte of a great peece, as he stou∣ped vpon his approch to the wall, and stayed to rippe his Hose ouer the knee, thereby to haue bene [ 50] the more apt and nymble to the assault.

After the winning of this towne, newes in post were brought into England to the Queene, who caused general Processions to be made, and Te Deum to be sung, giuing all laude and prayse to almightie God for this great victorie. And in the streetes of euerie Citie and Towne of the Realme were made Bonefires with greate re∣ioysing: which sodaine short gladnesse, turned verie shortly after to great long sorrow. For if ought were woon by the hauing of Saint Quin∣tines. England gat nothing at all, for the gaine thereof came onely to King Philip. But the losse of Calais, Hammes and Guisnes, with all the Countrey on that side the Sea (which followed soone after) was suche a buffet to Englande, as happened not in more than an hundred yeare be∣fore, and a dishonor wherewith this realme shall be blotted, vntill God shall giue power to redub it with some like requitall to the French.

Doctor Weston being (as you haue heard be∣fore) Prolocutor of the Connocation house, was at this time in displeasure with Cardinall Poole, and other Bishops, bycause he was vnwilling to resigne his Deanerie of Westminster to the Queene, whose purpose was to place there (as in olde time before) the Religion of Monks, whom in deede he fauoured not, although in all other things he stoode with the Church of Rome. Ne∣uerthelesse, by verye importune suyte, or rather compulsion, he with his Colledges resigned the Deanrie of Westminster. In recōpence where∣of he was made Deane of Windsore, where not long after he was taken in adulterie, and for that fact was by the Cardinall depriued of all his spi∣rituall liuings, from whose sentence he appealed to the court of Rome. For the folowing of which appeale he fought secretly to depart the realme. But he was apprehended by the way, and com∣mitted to the tower of London, where he remay∣ned prisoner, vntill (by the death of Queene Ma∣rie) Queene Elizabeth came to the Crowne, by whome he was set at libertie and forthwith fell sicke and died.

The common talke was, that if hee had not so sodainly dyed, he would haue disclosed the pur∣pose of the chiefe of the Cleargie, meaning the Cardinall, whiche was to haue taken vp King Henries bodie at Windsore, and to haue burnt it as many thought.

The thirtith of Nouember, being Saint An∣drewes day, in the fore noone, the Queene came from Saint Iames to hir palaice at West min∣ster, where she hearde Masse, at the whiche, Sir Thomas Tressham Knight receyued the order of the Crosse, and was instituted Lord of Saint Iohns of Ierusalem in England.

At this tyme, although there was open ho∣stilitie and warre betwene England and France, yet contrarie to the common custome afore vsed, the towne of Calais and the fortes there aboutes were not supplyed with anye newe accrewes of Souldiers, but rather withdrawne from thence, and discharged, which negligence was not vn∣knowne to the enimy, who long before had prac∣tised the winning of the sayd towne and country.

The French king therefore being sharplye nettled with the late losse of Saint Quintines, and a great peece of his Countrey adioyning, and desirous of reuenge, thought it not meete to let slip this occasion, but rather to aduance the same with all expedition, according to the plot layd by the Conestable afore hande: the king yet neuer∣thelesse hauing an armie in a readines (although the Connestable were nowe prisoner, and there∣fore could not be present himself) to employ wher [ 10] most aduantage should appeare, determined with al speed to put in proufe the enterprice of Calais, which long and many tymes before was purpo∣sed vpon, as it was well knowne.

This practise was not secrete, but that the Deputies of Calais, and Guisnes had some in∣telligence therof, and infourmed the Queene and hir counsaile accordingly, as well by letters, as by sufficient Messengers: for not onely Iohn Hiefield maister of the ordinaunce was sent from [ 20] thence to giue aduertisement of the French kings purpose, and to haue a supplie of things necessarie for the mounting of the great Artillerie whereof he had charge, but also sir Raufe Chamberleyne, Captain of the Castell, was likewise sent to giue the like aduertisement, who returned not past two or three dayes before the Duke of Guise came thither with the armie. And so eyther by wil∣ful negligence, or lacke of credite by the Queenes Counsaile here, this great case was so slenderly [ 30] regarded, that no prouision of defence was made, vntill it was somewhat too late.

The Duke of Guise beeing generall of the French armie, proceeded in this enterprise wyth maruellous speede and no lesse policie. For ap∣proching the English frontier vnder color to vit∣taile Bollongne and Arde, hee entred the same vpon a sodaine on Newyeares day, a sorie little plot of grounde, entrenched at Sandgate, and then deuided his armie into two partes, sending one part with certaine peeces of great artillerie a∣long the Downes by the sea side towardes Rice∣banke: and the other part furnished also with bat∣terie peeces, marched straight forth to Newnam bridge, meaning to batter these two Fortes both at one tyme, which thing he did with such readie dispatch, that comming thither verie late in the euening, he was Master of both by the next mor∣ning: where at the first shot discharged at New∣nam bridge, the head of the master gunner of that peece whose name was Horsley was clene striken off. The captain hauing sent to the lord Deputie of Calais for some supplie of men was answered that if he perceyued the enimies force to be suche, whereby his peece shoulde growe to be in anye daunger, that then he should choke vp the artille∣rie, and retire with his men vnto Calais for de∣fence of the town, where they stood in great want of mē also, euen to the perill of losing of the whole if the enimies came forward to besiege it. Here∣vpon the captaine within Newnam bridge per∣ceyuing he might haue no succors, retired w^t his souldiers vnto Calais, in such secret wise, that the Frenchmen perceiued it not of a pretie while, in so much y^t they shot stil at the fort, when there was not a man within it to make resistance, & by that time y^t they were come to Calais, the other part of the French army that went by the sea side w^t their batterie, had won Ricebanke, being abandoned to their hands. The next day the Frenchmen with fiue double Canons & three Culuerings, began a batterie frō the Sandhilles next Ricebank against the curtayne betwixt the water gate, & the souldi∣ers prison on the wal, & continued the same by the space of two or three dayes, vntill they had made a little breache next vnto the water gate, which neuerthelesse was not yet assaultable: for y^t which was broken in the day, was by them within the

[illustration]

towne made vp againe in the night stronger than before. But the batterie was not begonne there by the French, for that they intended to enter in that place, but rather to abuse the Englishe, to haue the lesse regarde to the defence of the Castell, which was the weakest part of the towne, and the place where they were afcerteyned by theyr espyals to winne an easie entrie: so that whyle our people trauayled fondly to defende that coun∣terfeyte breache of the towne wall, the Duke had [ 10] in the meane season planted fiftene double Ca∣nons agaynst the Castell, which Castell beeing considered by the rulers of the Towne, to be of no such force as might resist the batterie of the Canon (by reason it was olde and without any Rampires) it was deuised to make a traine with certaine Barelles of powder to this purpose, that when the French men shoulde enter (as they well knew that there they would to haue fired the said traine, and blowne vp the keepe, and for that pur∣pose [ 20] left neuer a man within to defende it. But the Frenchmen hauing passed through the ditche full of water, and therby with their clothes wrin∣ging wette as they passed ouer the trayne, they moysted so the powder, that it woulde not take fire when it was giuen, and herevpon the French¦men espying the traine, auoyded the same, so as that deuise came to no purpose, and without any resistance they entred the Castell, and thought to haue entred the towne by that way. But by the [ 30] prowes and hardie courage of sir Anthonie Ager knight, and Marshal of the towne, with his soul∣diours they were repulsed, and driuen backe again into the Castell, and so hard followed that oure men forced them to close and shutte the Castell gate for their suretie, least it should haue bene re∣couered agaynst them, as it was once attempted by sir Anthonie Ager, who there with hys sonne and heyre, and a Purseuant at Armes called Ca∣lais, with diuerse other, to the number of three or [ 40] foure skore Englishmen lost their lyues.

The same night after the re•…•…ule of the French¦men, whose number so encreased in the Castell, that the towne was not able to resist their force, the Lorde Wentworth beeing Deputie of the Towne, appoynted Nicholas Fellow, alias Gui∣nes, and Richard Turpine, alias Hammes, to go to the Frenche within the Castell, to demaunde Parlee, wherevnto they assented, put forth of the posterne two French Gentlemen, and in pledge [ 50] for them receyued into the Castell Iohn Hiefield Maister of the Ordinance, and Edmonde Hall one of the Conestables of the Staple. Herevpon they falling in talke aboute a composition: at length after some long debating of the matter, they concluded in this sort. First that the Towne with all the great artillerie, vittayles, and muni∣tion, should be freely yeelded to the French king, the lyues of the Inhabitants onely saued, to whō safe conduct shoulde hee graunted to passe where they lysted, sauing the Lorde Deputie with fiftie such other as the duke should appoynt, to remaine prisoners, and be put to their raunsome.

The next morning, the Frenchmen entred and possessed the Towne, and forthwith all the men, women, and children were commaunded to leaue theyr houses, and to goe to certaine places appoynted for them to remain in, til order might be taken for their sending away.

The places thus appoynted for them to re∣maine in, were chiefly foure, the two Churches of our Ladie, and Saint Nicholas, the Deputies house, and the Staple, where they rested a great part of that day, and one whole night, and the next day vntil three of the clock at after noone, without either meat or drinke.

And while they were thus in the Churches, and those other places, the Duke of Guise in the name of the French king, in their hearings made a Proclamation, straytly charging all and euery person that were Inhabitants of the Towne of Calais, hauing about them any money, plate, or iewels, to the value of one groate, to bring the same forthwith, and lay it downe vpon the high Aulters of the sayde Churches vppon paine of death, bearing them in hand also, that they should be searched. By reason of which Proclamation, there was made a great and sorrowfull offer∣torie.

And while they were at this offring within the Churches, the Frenchmen entred into theyr houses, and ryfled the same, where was found in∣estimable ryches and treasure but specially of or∣dinance, armor, and other munition.

About two of the clocke the next day at after Noone, beeing the seuenth of Ianuarie, a greate number of the meanest sort, were suffered to passe out of the towne in safetie, being garded through the armie with a number of Scottish light horse∣men, who vsed the English men very well and friendly, and after this euery day for the space of three or four days togither, there were sent away, diuerse companies of them till all were aduoyded those only excepted, that were appoynted to be re∣serued for Prisoners, as the Lorde Wentworth, and others.

There were in the towne of Calais fiue hun∣dred English souldiours ordinarie, and no mo. And of the townesmen not fully two hundred fighting mē (a small garnison for y^e defence of such a towne) and there were in the whole number of men, women, and children, as they were accom∣ted (when they went out of the gate) foure thou∣sand and two hundred persons. But the Lorde Wentworth Deputie of Calais, sir Rauf Chā∣berlaine Captain of the Castell, Iohn Harleston

Captaine of Ricebanke, Nicholas Alexander Captaine of Newnam bridge, Edward Grym∣stone the Comptroller, Iohn Rogers Surueyor, with other, to the number of fiftie (as aforesayde) such as it pleased the Duke of Guise to appoynt, were sent prisoners into France.

Thus haue ye heard the discourse of the ouer∣throw and losse of the towne of Calais, the which enterprice was begonne and ended in lesse than eight dayes, to the great maruaile of the worlde, [ 10] that a towne of such strength, and so well furni∣shed of al things as that was, (sufficient numbers of men of warre onely excepted) should so sodain∣ly be taken and conquered, but most specially in the winter season, what time all the Countrey about being Marishe grounde, is commonly o∣uerflowne with water.

The sayde Towne was wonne from the French king by king Edwarde the thirde, in the time of Philip de Valois then French king, and [ 20] being in possession of the kings of Englande two hundred. xi. yeares▪ was in the tyme of Philippe and Mary King and Queene of Englande lost within lesse than eight dayes, being the most no∣table fort that England had. For the winning whereof, king Edwarde aforesayde, in the .xxj. yeare of his raigne, was faine to continue a siege eleuen Monethes and more. Wherefore it was iudged of all men, that it coulde not haue come so to passe, without some secrete trecherie. [ 30]

Here is also to be noted, that when Queene Mary and hir Counsaile hearde credibly of the French mens sodaine approch to that towne, she with all speede possible (but somewhat too late) raysed a greate power for the reskue thereof, the which comming to Douer, stayed there aboutes till the towne was woonne, either for that theyr whole numbers was not come togyther, or for that there were not Shippes readie sufficient to passe them ouer, although the winde and weather [ 40] serued verie well to haue transported them thy∣ther, till the Sunday at night after the Towne was deliuered: for then began a marueylous sore and rigorous tempest, continuing the space of foure or fiue dayes togither, that the like had not beene sene in the remembrance of man. Where∣fore some sayd that y^e same came to passe through Nigromancie, and that the Diuell was raysed vp and become Frenche, the truth whereof is knowne (sayth maister Grafton) to God. [ 50]

True it is that after the sayde tempest be∣ganne, for the time it lasted, no shippe coulde well brooke the Seas, by reason of the outragious stor∣mes. And such of the Queenes shippes as did then aduenture the passage, were so shaken and torne with the violence of the weather, that they were forced to returne in great danger, and not with∣out losse of all their tackle and furniture, so that if this tempestnous weather had not chaunced, it was thought that the army should haue passed to haue giuen some succors to Guisnes, and to haue attempted the recouerie of Calais. But if the same armie might haue beene readie to haue transported ouer in time, before the losse of Ca∣lais, and whilest the weather was moste calme and sweete, as was possible for that tyme of the yeare, the towne might haue beene preserued, and the other peeces whiche through want of tymely succours came into the enimies possession. And thus by negligence of the Counsaile at home, cō∣spiracie of traytors elswhere, force and false prac∣tise of enimies, holpen by the rage of moste ter∣rible tempestes of contrarie windes and wea∣ther, thys famous Fort of Calais was brought agayne and left in the hands and possession of the French.

So soone as this Duke of Guise, (contrarie to all expectation) had in so fewe dayes gayned this strong towne of Calais (afore thought im∣pregnable) and had put the same in such order as best seemed for his aduauntage, proude of the spoyle, and pressing forwarde vppon his good fortune, without giuing long time to the residue of the Captaines of the Fortes there, to breathe vpon their businesse, the .xiij. day of the sayd Mo∣neth being Thursday, with all prouision requisite for a siege, marched with his armie from Calais, vnto the towne and fort of Guisnes, fiue myles distant from thence. Of which Towne and Ca∣stell, at the same time there was Captaine a va∣liant Baron of England, called William, Lord Gray of Wilton, who not without cause suspec∣ting a siege at hande, and knowing the Towne of Guisnes to be of small force, as being large in compasse, without walles or Bulwarkes, closed onely with a Trench, before the Frenchmens ar∣riuall, had caused all the Inhabitants of the town to auoyde, and so many of them as were able to beare armes, he caused to retyre into the Castell, which was a place well fortified with strong and massie Bulwarkes of Bricke, hauing also a high and mightie▪ Tower, of great force and strength, called the Keepe.

The towne being thus abandoned, the French men had the more easie approche to the Castell, who thinking to finde quiet lodging in those va∣cant houses, entred the same without any feare. And being y^e night at their rest (as they thought) a chosen bande of souldiours appoynted by the Lorde Gray, issued out by a posteine of the sayde Castell, and slue no small number of their sleepie guestes, and the rest they put out of their new lod∣gings, and mangre the Duke and all the French power, consumed all the houses of the Towne with fire. That notwithstanding, the sayd duke with all diligence began his trenches, and albeit

the shotte of the great artillerie from the Castell was terrible, and gaue him great impeachment, yet did he continue his worke without intermis∣sion, and for examples sake wrought in his owne person as a common Pioner or labourer. So that within lesse than three dayes, he brought to the number of. xxxv. batterie peeces, hard to the brim of the Castell ditche, to batter the same on all sides, as wel forth right as a crosse. But his prin∣cipall batterie, he planted agaynst the strongest [ 10] Bulwarke of all, called Mary Bulwarke, thin∣king by gayning of the strōger to come more ea∣sily by the weaker.

On Monday morning therefore by the breake of day, they had layde two batteries to the sayde Bulwark .xiij. Cannons in the one, & nine in the other, with which they plied it so well, as that by noone they had not onely dismounted their coun∣ter batterie within, but also cleane cut away the hoope of Bricke of the whole forefront of theyr [ 20] Bulwarkes, whereof the filling being but of late digged earth, did crimble away, which the enimie finding about two of the clocke in the same after noone, sent fortie or fiftie forlorne Boyes wyth swordes and targets to view & assay the breach. The ditch at that place before the batterie was not. xxiiij. foote brode, nowe assuredly not a do∣zen, nor in depth aboue a mans knees, wherefore with small adoe they came to the breache, and with as little paine came vp the same, the climbe was so easie, from whence hauing discharged certaine Pistolles vpon the English men, and receyued a few pushes of the Pyke, they retyred, and making report of the easinesse of the breache, streight a bande or two of Gascoignes (as it was thought threw themselues into the ditche, and vp they came. Thē a little more earnestly the Eng∣lish men leaned to theyr tackling, theyr flankers walked, theyr Pykes, theyr Culuers, their pots of wildfire were lent them, the Harquebush salu∣ted them, so as ioly maister Gascoigne was set down with more hast than he came vp with good

[illustration]

speede, and so ended Mondayes worke, sauing that vpon the retyre from the assault, they gaue seuen or eight such terrible tyres of batterie, as tooke cleane away from them within, the toppe of [ 40] theyr Vawmure and Maundes, leauing them all open to the Canons mouth. Whereby surely but for night that came on, the Englishmen had beene forced to haue abandoned the place.

At this assault was slaine of Gentlemen, one captaine Bourne an Englishman, verie valiant, also a Spanish Gentleman, and common souldi∣ours to the number of fortie or fiftie. There was also sore hurt at the same assault, one other Spa∣nish Captaine, with diuerse other, whom for the [ 50] auoyding of tediousnesse I let passe.

At night the Lorde Gray came to the Bul∣warke, and hauing rendred thankes to God for that dayes good successe, did greatly commende them all for theyr manfull defence and valiaunt behauiour, exhorting them to continue therein, as the onely thing wherein their safetie and good name did rest.

The batterie (as before is tolde) hauing layd the Bulwarkes open, they within were enforced for winning of a new Vawmure, to entrench within the Bulwarke sixe foote deepe, and nine in thicknesse, which maruellously did strengthen the peece, the same being of no great largenesse before.

By the next day beeing Tuesday, they had planted two batteries m•…•…, the one in the Market place of the Towne, to beate a Curteyne of the bodie of the Castell, of sixe Canons, the other vp∣on the Rampire of the towne of three peeces, to beate the Catte and a flanker of the Barbican, which two garded one side of the Mary bulwark.

This morning they bestowed most in battering at the Flankers, which the day before they had felt, and in deede wanne euerie one from them within, sauing that of the Catte, which lay high and somewhat secrete, and an other at the ende of a Bray by the gate on the other side of the Bul∣warke, all the rest, as those of the garden Bul∣warke which chiefly behelde the maine breach of

the Barbican, and of the Keepe, were quite bere∣ued them. And besides the enimie continually in∣terteyned the breach, with .viij. or. ix. tires y^e hour.

In the afternoone about the same houre, that they made their attempt the day afore, a regimēt of Swisses, with certain bands of Frenchmē ap∣proched the dike, as if presently they would haue giuen the assault, but there they did stay, sending to the breach only a captain or two, seeking ther∣by to haue discouered what flankers yet were left [ 10] to them within, wherin they were preuented, the L. Gray hauing before warned the gūners not to disclose them, but vpon extremity. And thus after an houres play with the harquebush only, and a light offer or two of approche, this people retired them, & gaue the Canon place againe, which by night had driuen them within a newe to become moldwarps, & to entrench thēselues with all speed possible. The morrow being Wednesday, by the peepe of day, all the batteries began, & without in∣termission [ 20] held on till one of the clocke in the after noone, & especially y^t in y^e market place so preuai∣led as hauing cleane ruined the old wall, did driue through the rampire, and a new countermure of earth raysed vpon the same, where the L. Gray himselfe sitting vpō a for me, with sir Henry Pal∣mer, and maister Lewes Diue his L. cousin and deputie, made a faire escape, the forme being stri∣ken a sunder vnder thē without any further harm to any of them, though sundrie other that day and [ 30] the other following lost their liues on the same curteyn by the foresayd battrie, which ful in flank did beat it, wherein yet was his Lordships onely abode as his chiefest place to view and regard the behauiour and need of all the other limmes, from which also a quoite might be throwne into Ma∣ry bulwarke. The enimies Canon (as is sayde) hauing playd thus all the morning, and wel sear∣ched as they thought euery corner that flankers might lurke in, about the foresaid houre of one of [ 40] the clock, the Englishmē might descrie the trench before the breach to be stuffed with Ensignes, the L. Gray streight expecting that which followed, gaue word incontinently to euery place to stand on their gard, encoraging euery man to continue in their wel begon endeuor. A tower y^t was called Webs tower, & yet stāding, which flāked one side of the beaten bulwarke, he stuffed with .xx. of the best shot w^t curriers. These things no sooner thus ordred. but that .viij. or .ix. ensignes of Swisses, & [ 50] three of Gascoignes, do present themselues vpon the counterscarfe, & without stay the Gascoignes flew into the ditch, run vp the breach, whom they within receyue with harquebush shot, but they re∣quite the Englishmen againe with two for one. The top of the vawmure or rather trench, the e∣nimie boldly approcheth, the pyke is offred, to hād blowes it cōmeth. Then the Swisse with a state∣ly leasure steppeth into the ditche, & close togither marcheth vp the breach, the fight increaseth, wax∣eth very hote, the breach all couered with the e∣nimies. The small shot in Webbes tower began now their parts, no bullet that went in vaine, on the other side againe .xx. of the Spaniards on the inside of the Brayes had laid themselues close till the heate of the assault, & then shewing thēselues, did no lesse gall the enimies thā the tower. Thus went it no lustilier assayled thā brauely defended. At last after an hours fight & more, the gouernors without, finding the great slaughter that theyrs went to, & small auaile, and perceyuing the two litle Casemates of the tower & Brayes to be the cheifest annoyances, did cause a retire to be soun∣ded, & withall three or four of the canōs in y^e mar∣ket place, to be turned vpō Webs tower, y^e which at two tyres brought cleane downe the same vpō the soldiers heads, wherin two or three were slain outright, others hurt to death, & who escaped best, so maimed or brused, as they wer no more able to serue. The enimie this while hauing breathed, & a brace of. C. shots put forth only to attend vpō the few Spaniards that kept the corners of the brays the assault of fresh is begon, & their beaten bandes with new companies relieued. The L. Gray also sent into the bulwarke two. C. fresh men. Now grew the fight heauy vpō the Englishmen, al their defence resting in the pike & bill, their chiefest flan∣kers being gone, their places to bestow shot in ta∣ken from them, their fire workes in maner spent, the Spanish shot on the other side so ouerlayd, as not one of them but was eyther slain or marred, ere a quarter of y^e assault was past. The easinesse of the fight thus alluring the enimie, vnappointed companies flew to the breach, and courage was on euerie side with them, what hauock they made it is not hard to gesse. My L. Gray perceyuing the extremitie, sent to the two forenamed flākers, that they should no longer spare. They streight wēt off, the ditches and breach being couered with men. These vnlooked for guests, made the enimie that was cōming to pause, and the other alreadie come to repent their hast. Three or foure bouts of these salutations began to cleare well the breach, though the ditch grew the fuller at night. At last parted with no great triūph of others winnings, (for as the Englishmen within wēt not scotfree) so surely no small number of their enimies car∣kasses, toke vp their lodgings in the ditch y^t night.

My L. Gray this night came into the Bul∣warke, where after prayse first to God, hee gaue thanks and cōmendations to them all. The slain men he caused to be buried, the hurt to be remoued and looked vnto, sawe the breach repayred, en∣quyred of their lackes, and as he might supplyed the same. They that were great could not be hel∣ped, as cornepowder, fireworks, yea & pikes began

to faile vs. The most part of the night he here be∣stowed, & longer as was thought had taried, had not a skaberdlesse sword about one of the souldiers as he went in the •…•…rong and darke amongst thē, thrust him almost through the foote, whervpon he withdrew him to be dressed, vsing first vnto the souldiors and exhortation to arquite themselues no lesse valiantly the next day, assuring them, that one or two more such bankers as this last, gyuen to the enimie, would coole their courages for any [ 10] mo assaultes. This night now, great noise & wor∣king was heard in the ditch, wherevpon the Bul∣wark once or twist was on alarme. At the last with Cressets it was espied, that they were ma∣king abridge. The morning came, and then the same was seene to bee finished, emptie Easkes with ropes fastned togither, & sawed boordes layd theron•…•… This yet did but put them within, in a certaintie of that which before they accōpted of, & stood prepared for. To be short, the enimies spent [ 20] all the day till it was full two of the clocke in bat∣terie, & beating at the two last flankers, which at length they won frō them within, & the gunners of either slain, whervpon the L. Gray taking coū∣saile of sir Henry Palmer, M. Lewes Diue, and Montdragon the leader of the Spaniards, it was resolued, that there might be order to make a fu∣cacie within the bulwarke, and presently to with∣draw all frō thence, sauing a certain for a face and stale to til in the enimy, & thē to haue blowen it vp [ 30] whole. In this meane time, the duke of Guise ha∣uing giuen order to M•…•… Dandelot Coronell of the French footmen, y^t be with his bandes should be in a readinesse to giue the assault when signe shoulde be giuen, he withdrewe him to an higher ground, from whence he might plainely discouer the behauior as wel of his souldiors in the assault giuing, as also of the defendants in answering the same, and perceyuing not so many of the Eng∣lish part appearing for defence (as he doubted ther [ 40] would) gaue order forthwith, that a regiment of his most forwarde Lancequenets shoulde mount the breach to open the first passage, and that M. Dandelot with his French foote handes shoulde backe them, which order was followed with such hote hast, and desperate hardinesse, that entring a deepe ditch full of water from the bottom, wherof to the top of the breach, in some places was well nere fortie foot, w^tout feare either of the water be∣neath, or the fire aboue, they mounted the breach. [ 50] And whereas the duke had prepared (as ye haue healed bridges made of plankeboordes, borne vp with caskes and emptie pipes, tied one to another, for his men to passe the sayd ditch, many of them now at this assault, without care of those brid∣ges, plunged into the water, and tooke the next way to come to the assault, which hote hast not∣withstanding, the assaylants were at the first so stoutly repulsed and put backe by the defendants, being furnished with great store of wildfire, and other fucasies for the purpose, that they were tur∣ned headlong one vpon another, much faster than they came vp, not without great wast & slaugh∣ter of their best and most forward soldiors, to the small comfort of the stoute duke, who (as is fayde before) stood all this while vpon a little hill to be∣hold this businesse. Wherefore not enduring this sight any longer, as a man enraged, ran among his men, so reprouing some, and encouraging o∣ther, that the assault was foote hote renued, with much more ved•…•…mencie and furie than before, and with no lesse stordie obstinacie and despera∣tion receiued by the defendants, whereby all the breach beneath was filled with French careasses▪ This notwithstanding, the Duke still redoubled his forces with fresh companies, and continued so many assaults one vpon another, that at the last charge, being most •…•…ehement of all the other, the English men beyng tyred, and greatly minished in theyr numbers, by slaughter and bloudie woundes, were of fine force driuen to auoyd, and so after halfe an houres fight, the enimie ••••tred, which when the Lord Gray behelde, he leaped to the top of the rampire, wishing of God that some shot would take him, when one that stoode next him, by the scarffe sodainly pulled him downe, o∣therwise the effects had well declared the earnest∣nesse of the prayer: he was not yet vp again when a•…•… Canon shotte gra•…•…ed vpon the same place from whence he fell.

The fight within the Bulwarke yet lasted, to the great slaughter of thē that defended it. My L. Gray presently called to maister Lewes Diue, & others that were about him▪ to follow him to the gate. The maze was suche that besides his sonne maister Arthure Gray and nowe Lorde Gray▪ maister Lewes Diue, Captaine Brickwell, and halfe a dozen of armed Corslettes, not a manne else did follow him. By this meanes of the Eng∣lishe meane were cleane dryuen oute of the Bulwarke, the enimye yet not daring to passe the Brayes, gaue them that escaped, good leysure to recouer the gate, where my L. Gray holding the wic•…•…e•…•… himself, receyued them in.

Vppon the takyng of this Bulwarcke, the Souldiours of Wheteleys Bulwarcke and the base Court in discomfiture abandoned theyr charges, flying to the Castel•…•… so that more than the Keepe, and the bodie of the Castell, no part was free from the enimie. My Lorde Grey hauing receyued all his, caused the Gates to bee rammed vppe.

Thus were the chiefe Bulwarkes and vtter lymmes of the Castell of Guisnes obteyned by the French, on Saint Sebastians day, being the xx. of Ianuarie, but yet not without great ex∣pense

of bloud on both sides: for of the Frenche part there were slaine in those assaultes aboue the number of eight or nine hundred, and of the English not many fewer: amongest whome the greatest losse light vpon those fewe Spaniards and Wallons that were come to assyst the Eng∣lishmen at that present.

It was nowe night•…•… a Trumpettor came to the ditches side in the base Court, and sounded a sommons, who being called vnto and asked what [ 10] he woulde, tolde that hee was sent to my Lorde Gray by the Duke of Guise, with offer of parlee if it woulde be hearkened to. The Souldiers no sooner hard these newes, but forsaking the walles came all in rowte togithers, and confusedly spea∣king to their Chieftaine the sayde Lorde Gray, prayed him to hearken to the Message, and to haue consideration of theyr lyues, which so long as any hope remayned, they willingly had ven∣tured. The Lorde Grayes aunswere was, that [ 20] he marueyled, eyther what causelesse mistrust of his caring for them was now come vpon them, or what sodaine vnwoonted fayntnesse of mynde had so assayled them, as to cause them in suche disorder to forsake their places, and leaue the walles naked, hee willed them to returne to the same.

My Lorde Gray hereof tooke counsaile. It was thought good not to reiect the offer, the ex∣tremitie on euerie side weyed. The Trumpettor [ 30] receyuing answere, accordingly departed, and without long abode returned again, requyring in the dukes behalfe hostages for a truce during the Parle•…•… from vs, he mynding to deliuer the like in∣to the Castell. From him in fine Monsieur De∣strees, & a Gentleman of the kings chamber were sent in: and maister Arthure Gray my Lordes sonne, and maister Lawes Diue, were put out. Monsieur Dandelot in the Brayes receyued them, and caried them ouer the vnfortunate [ 40] Bulwarke, being come vppon naked and newe slaine Carkasses, some of them sprawling yet and groning vnder their feete, were onely the earth they trode on. So passing downe the breach som∣what to the ease of the former heauie sight, they saw it and the ditche little lesse fraught with the enimies corpses. So to the campe they came, and were lodged in the sayde Dandelots tent.

The next day in the morning, the Lorde Gray was to meete with the Duke abrode, be∣tweene [ 50] them willingly one houre was spent in talking withoute agreement, onely vpon thys poynt, that the Lord Gray would haue his bands depart with Ensignes displayed, which woulde not be yeelded vnto: so he returned, and the ho∣stages also therevpon were sent in. Monsieur Destrees not being yet come forth, my Lord was no sooner entred againe, but that the souldiours eftsoones forsaking the walles, willingly to the present cutting of all theyr owne throtes, (if Monsieur Destrees himselfe had not beene, with a fewe Captaynes and Gentlemen of the Lorde Grayes owne retinue) came and met him, crying vpon him to haue pitie vpon them. The Lorde Gray herewith stayed, and pausing a while, had this speech. The onely pitie (if fonde I cannot say) that I haue of you, hath caused me this day to make such offers of cōposition, as neyther your honesties, nor my honour, nor eyther of our du∣ties, in my thought may well beare, which refu∣sed to take harder to the vtter defasing of our cre∣dites since the best would blot it. If I woulde, Souldiours, your selues (me thinketh) in ven∣geance thereof should turne your weapons vpon me, and sacrifice so heartlesse a Captaine, rather than to take it as a token of a pitifull Captaine ouer you, and to yeeld thankes for the same. We haue begonne as becommed vs, we haue yet helde on as duetie doth binde vs, let vs ende then as ho∣nest dutie and fame doth wil vs. Neither is there any such extremitie of despayre in our case, but that we may yet dearely ynough sell our skinnes ere we lose them. Let vs then eyther march out vnder our Ensignes displayed, or else herewith die vnder them displayed.

The Souldiours herewith in a mutenie flat∣ly answered, that they for his vainglorie woulde not sell their lyues. The desperatenesse of theyr case was not vnknowne vnto them (sayde they) and that theyr lyues in other seruice myght yet auaile theyr Prince and Countrey. In this now further to venture, was but like oxen to be thrust to the Butcher. That his Lordship was not to expect any one blow of their handes.

Herewith in hast came one from Monsieur Destrees that stoode at the Rampire, aduysing him to sende his Souldiours to the walles, other∣wise that the Swiffes would assuredly enter. So constrayned his Lordship promised them to com∣pounde, and so he gat them to the walles. Then my Lord going to counsayle, at length agreed vpon these conditions.

First, that the Castell with all the furniture therein as well vittayles as great artillerie, pow∣der, and all other munitions of warre, shoulde bee wholy rendred without wasting, hyding or mi∣nishment thereof.

Secondarily, that the Lorde Gray with all the Captaynes, officers and other, hauing charge there, should remaine prisoners at the dukes plea∣sure, to be raunsomed after the maner of warre.

Thirdly, that all the rest, as well souldiers as others, shoulde depart with their armors, & bag∣gage, to what parties it seemed them best, neuer∣thelesse to passe without sound of drum or trum∣pet, or ensigne, and to leaue them behinde.

These Articles sent by Monsieur Destrees to the duke were accepted, and so in the after noone, the duke himselfe came and receyued the keyes of my Lorde Gray, who presently went out, and was giuē to the Marshall Strozzi, and from him sold to Monsieur de Randan, by whom he came into his brother y^e Counte de Rochefoucault his handes, and there rested, till he was redeemed for xxiiij. thousand Crownes.

The day following, to with the .xxij. of Ia∣nuarie, [ 10] all the souldiours of the sayde fortresse of Guisnes, as well English as straungers, wyth all the rest of the Inhabitants, and other (excep∣ted the Lorde Gray himselfe, maister Arthure Gray his sonne, sir Henrie Palmer Knight, Mondragon Captayne of the Spaniards, and other men of charge reserued by the composition) departed with theyr bagge and baggages from thence towardes Flaunders. At whose issuing forth, there were esteemed to the number of [ 20] eyght or nine hundred able men for the warre, part English, and part Burgonians. Of Spa∣niards so few were left, as no account is to bee made of them, in maner the whole number of them being slaine and selling theyr lyues ryght dearely according to the order of good and hardie souldiours.

Thus endes this siege, wherein for breuityes sake, we haue left to say any thing of the proui∣sions that the Lorde Gray made agaynste the [ 30] same, of the aduertisements that from tyme to tyme hee sent to King Philippe and Queene Marie, and of theyr aunsweres, of the sundrie aduentures which they of Guisnes had with the enimies during their being about Calays, and of the greate and many booties that were there ta∣ken. Onely in a worde or two will I adde what bandes of straungers were within the peece, by∣cause thereof as in an other thing or two, I finde maister Grafton in his Chronicle speake at ro∣uers. [ 40] First came in Mondragon, with two Spa∣niardes more, verie valiaunt men, whom did fol∣low within a day or two, about foure or fiue and thirtie other Spaniards, all shotte, of whiche (as I haue hearde) there went not fiue oute of the Castell.

There came one Captaine Desquie a Bur∣gonian, with two hundred Souldiours, Pykes most. This bande was appoynted to the Marie Bulwarke, whose Captaine beeing full of the [ 50] Gowte, and an impotent manne, would not yet be from his charge, but in his bed ended his life in the Bulwarke. And so of this ynough.

But now after the winning of this Towne and Castell, the Duke aduysing well vppon the place, and considering that if it should happen to be regayned by Englishe men, what a noy∣some neighbour the same myght be to Calays, nowe beeing Frenche, and specially what em∣peachment shoulde come thereby for the passage thither from Fraunce, considering also the neare standing thereof to the Frenche Kings Fortresse of Arde, so that to keepe two Garnisons so nigh togither shoulde bee but a double charge, and not onely needlesse, but also daungerous for the cause afore rehearsed.

Vpon these considerations (as the Frenche menne wryte) hee tooke order for all the greate Artillerie, vittayles, and other Munition, to bee taken forth, and the Castell wyth all the Bulwarckes and other Fortifications there, with all speede to bee razed and throwne downe, and the stuffe to be caried away, and employed in other more necessarie places.

Then rested nothing within all the English Pale on that syde vnconquered, but the little Castell or Pyle called Hammes, whiche though it were but of small force, made by Art and industrye of mannes hande, and beeyng altogyther of olde woorkemanshippe wythoute Rampyres or Bulwarkes: yet neuerthelesse, by the naturall situation thereof, beeyng on all sydes enuyroned wyth Fennes and Marishe groundes, it coulde not easilye bee approched vnto, eyther wyth greate Ordinaunce for the batterie, or else wyth any armie to encampe there for a Siege, but hauing one strayte pas∣sage thereto by a narrowe Cawsey, trauer∣sed and cutte through in dyuerse places, wyth deepe Dytches, alwayes full of water, whiche thing beeing well forseene by Edwarde Lorde Dudley then Captayne there, hauing as good cause to suspecte a Siege there, as his neighbours had afore the Frenche mennes comming to Guisnes, caused all the Bridges of the sayde Cawsey beyng of Woodde to bee broken, to gyue thereby the more empeachmente to the Frenche, if they shoulde attempte to approche the same as shortly after they did, and kepte dy∣uersed of the passages.

But to delyuer the Duke and his Soul∣diours from that care, there came to hym glad newes from those that hadde charge to watche the sayde Cawsey, howe the Captaine hauyng intelligence of the rendring of Guisnes, secrete∣ly the same nyght, hadde conueyed himselfe, with his small garnison by a secrete passage ouer the Marishe into Flaunders: whereby the Duke beeing nowe paste care of any further Siege to be layde in all that Frontier, tooke order forth∣wyth to seaze the sayde little Fort into his han∣des, as it was easie to doe, when there was no re∣sistance.

When this peece was once seazed by the Frēch, then remayned there none other place of defence or strength of the Englishe on all that syde the

Sea, for the safegarde of the rest of the Coun∣trey, whereby the Frenche King became whol∣ly and throughly Lorde and maister of all the Englishe Pale, for nowe (as yee haue hearde) there was neyther Towne, Castell, nor other Fortresse, more or lesse on that syde (sauyng Bootes Bulwarke neare to Graueling, whiche after King Philippe kepte as his) but that it was eyther taken awaye by force, our else a∣bandoned, and lefte open to the enimie. And as [ 10] the Frenche menne wryte) besyde the great ry∣ches of Golde and Siluer, Coyne, Iewelles, Plate, Woolles, and other Marchandice (which was inestimable) there were founde three hun∣dred peeces of Brasse mounted on Wheeles, and as many peeces of Iron, with suche fur∣niture of Powder, Pellettes, Armour, Vyt∣tayles, and other munitons of warre scarcely cre∣dible.

Thus haue you hearde the whole discourse [ 20] of the conquest of the noble Towne of Calays, with all the Englishe Fortresses and Countrey adioyning made by the duke of Guise, the newes whereof, when they came to the Frenche King, no neede to aske howe ioyfullye they were re∣ceyued, not onely of him and all his Court, but also vniuersally through the whole Realme of Fraunce. For the which victorie, there was (as the maner is) Te Deum sung, and Bonefires made euerie where, as it is woont to bee in cases of [ 30] common ioy and gladnesse, for some rare bene∣fite of God, insomuche that shortly vppon the Conquest, there was a publike assembly at Pa∣ris of all the states of Fraunce, who frankely in recompence of the Kings charges employed in winning of Calays, and the places aforesayde, and for maintenance of his warres to bee conti∣nued afterwardes, graunted vnto him three mil∣lions of French Crownes, whereof the Clear∣gie of Fraunce contributed one Million, besides [ 40] their Dismes. And no maruell though the French did highly reioyce at the recouerie of Calays out of the English mens handes, for it is constantly affyrmed of many, that be acquainted with the affayres of Fraunce, that euer sithence the same Towne was fyrst woonne by Englishe menne, in all solemne Counsayles assembled to treate vppon the state of Fraunce, there was a spe∣ciall persone appoynted to putte them in re∣membraunce from tyme to tyme of Calays, [ 50] as it were to be wyshed that the lyke were v∣sed in Englande, vntill it were regayned from the French.

Now seemed euery day a yeare to the French King, vntill hee personally had visited Calays, and his newe conquered Countrey: wherefore about the ende of Ianuarie hee tooke his voyage thither, accompanied with no small number of his Nobilitie.

And immediately vpon his arriuall there, he per vsed the whole towne, and euery part thereof from place to place, deuysing with the Duke of Guise for the better fortification thereof, what shoulde be added to the olde, and what shoulde be made new, and what shoulde be taken away. And after order taken for that businesse, he pla∣ced there a noble man, and no lesse valiant knight of the order, called Monsieur de Thermes to bee Captaine of the towne, and so departed again in∣to Fraunce.

After the French Kings departure from Ca∣lays, bee made greate haste for the accomplish∣ment of the maryage, mooued betweene Fraun∣ces his eldest sonne, called the Dolphyn, and Marie Stewarde, daughter and sole heyre of Iames the fyft late King of Scotlande, which Princesse if Scottes had beene faythfull of pro∣mise (as they seldome bee) shoulde haue maryed King Edwarde the sixth. For the breache of which promise, beganne all the warre betweene Englande and Scotlande, as you hearde in the latter ende of the lyfe of King Henrie the eight, and in the begynning of King Edwarde the sixth.

This maryage (sayth Grafton) though it be not of my matter, I thought not to omit, for that many things were meant thereby, whiche thankes bee to God neuer came to effect. But one speciall poynte was not hydden to the Worlde, that by meane of the same the realme of Scotlande shoulde for euermore haue re∣mayned as vnited and incorporate to the crowne of Fraunce, and that as the sonne and heyre of euerie Frenche King doth succeede to the inhe∣ritaunce and possession of a Countrey called the Dolphine, and is therefore called Dolphyn. And like as the Principalitie of Wales apper∣teyneth to the eldest sonne of Englande, who therefore is called the Prince of Wales: euen so the Dolphyn and heyre of Fraunce shoulde thereby haue beene King of Scotlande for e∣uermore, whiche name and tytle vppon thys maryage was accordingly giuen to Fraunces, Dolphyn and beyre apparaunt of Fraunce, to bee called Kyng Dolphin. The meanyng whereof was vtterly to exclude for euermore any to be king of Scotland, but onely the eldest sonne of Fraunce.

This memorable mariage was solemnized in the Citie of Paris, the foure and twentie day of Aprill, in the yeare of Christ .1558. wyth most magnifique pompe and tryumphe, and ho∣noured wyth the presence of the moste parte of the Princes, Prelates, Lordes, and Barons of both the Realmes, as it were for a confirmation of this newe aliaunce, which as it was muche

to the aduauntage and benefite of Fraunce, so nothing coulde bee more preiudice, and deroga∣tion to the Crowne of Scotlande, as a deuise tending to the perpetuall abolition and extin∣guishment of the name and state of kings in that Realme.

In this meane tyme also the Queene Do∣wager of Scotlande, hadde done what in hir lay, to procure the Scottishe Nobilitie to make warres agaynst Englande, but they beeing [ 10] not wylling thereto, Monsieur Doysell Coro∣nell of certaine bandes of Frenchmen, c•…•…me to Aymouth within sixe myles of Berwike, and fortified that place, making sundrie roades and inuasions into Englande, in reuenge whereof the Englishe men made the lyke inroades into Scotlande, wherevpon the Scottish men in their owne defence (as some pretend) were dryuen to haue warres, and therevpon the Earle of Hunt∣ley was made Lieutenant of the Scottes bor∣ders, [ 20] who remayning there, by the helpe of the Frenchmen did many displeasures to the Eng∣lishmen. This warre was begunne in the yeare last past, and so continued, during the whiche manye skirmyshes and dyuerse proper feates of Armes were put in practise, betwixt the par∣tyes (as in the Hystorie of Scotlande, it shall by Gods helpe further appeare,) where we shall speake of the doyngs in the yeares .1557. and .1558. [ 30]

But nowe to returne to the matter of Eng∣lande from whiche I haue in parte digressed. The newes of this Conquest of Calays were not so ioyfully receyued in Fraunce, as they were generallye grieuous and displeasaunt to the whole Realme of Englande: but specially to Queene Marie, who beeing a Princesse of hearte and courage, more than commonly is in womankynde, thought hir selfe so much tou∣ched in honour by the losse of hir sayde towne [ 40] and possessions on that syde the Sea, as shee counted hir lyfe yrkesome, vntyll the same were eyther recouered againe, or the losse re∣doubled wyth some like victorie agaynste the French elsewhere.

In respect whereof, shee ceased not to tra∣uaile after wyth King Philippe hir Husbande, as wyth hir owne priuie Counsayle, and the Lordes of the Realme, whiche waye shoulde bee best to reuenge this iniurie, and speciallye [ 50] nowe whylest the Frenche King was occupied in warres wyth King Philippe, to endamage some of his Countreys by waye of inuasion, and to surprise some of his Townes vpon the so∣dayne. And amongest sundrie deuises, none was thought so fitte to bee attempted, as an ha∣uen Towne in Brytayne called Brest, whiche in the tyme of King Richarde the seconde was kept and mainteyned with an Englishe Garni∣son, vntill the sayde King rendered the same to the French King agayne by composition.

This Towne as well for the conuenient si∣tuation alwayes readie to receyue freshe suc∣cours and vittayling out of Englande by Sea, as also for that it was knowne to the Queene and hir Counsayle at that present, not to bee furnished with anye Garnison of Souldiours, sufficient to repulse the power of a Prince vp∣pon the sodayne, was thought to bee the best marke to be shotte at for the tyme. Wherefore vppon thys case well debated, there was ymme∣diately order gyuen to Edwarde Lorde Clyn∣ton then highe Admyrall of Englande, wyth all expedition to prepare himselfe wyth all the Queenes Shippes of warre, furnished with Souldiours, Munitio•…•… and vittayle, to ioyne wyth the Admyrall of King Philippe, who had lyke order from the sayde King to ioyne wyth the Nauie of Englande for the atchieuing of this enterprice.

But before I declare to you the aduenture of these two greate Nauies by Sea, it shall not bee impertinent to touch some accidents in the mean time by lande.

Whyle King Philippe beeing absent from the lowe Countrey, was (as you haue hearde) occupyed wyth his warres in Fraunce, Mon∣sieur de Thermes the newe Captaine of Ca∣lays, beeing a manne verie expert in the warres (whose propertie is neuer to neglect anye tyme of aduauntage) caste in hys mynde howe during King Philippes absence, to doe some singular seruice to the Frenche King his maister. And espying well the negligence of the Flemminges his neighbours, howe little they vnderstoode the great weakning of theyr Countrey by the losse of Calays, and that there was no newe pro∣uision▪ made for the defence thereof, more than was before, whylest Calays was Englishe, by the losse whereof, theyr Frontyers were nowe become open for the French at all times to enter: He therefore taking out of Calays so many of hys Souldiours as myght bee spared from thence, adioyning to them all the forces of the French Garnisons in Arthoys, Bollonoys, and Pycardie, whereof togither with the Souldiers of Calays, being to the number of seuen hundred footmen, and three hundred lyght horsmen Scot∣tish, there were assembled fourtene Ensignes of the French footemen .xviij. vanlins of Almains, four or fiue .C. men at armes of France, beside the light horsmen Scottes, amounting in the whole to the number at the least of nine thousand foote∣menne, and fiftene hundred horsemen, entred into Flaunders wyth full determination to spoyle and waste all King Philippes Countrey

along the Sea coast, and namely a proper Hauen Towne called Dunkyrke, and with like purpose to haue surprised the towne of Graueling if occasion woulde so serue.

This Captayne following his enterprise, of a policie passing by the towne of Graueling, layd siege to a little towne not farre from thence cal∣led Berghes, which hee wanne in a small time, and with small resistaunce, leauing the saccage of the same vnto his Souldiours, where they [ 10] founde manye good bootyes. And wythoute long staying they marched foorth to Dunkyrke aforesayde, and planting a siege in lyke manner there, battered the same so sharpely with the Canon, that within lesse than foure dayes hee became maister of the Towne, whiche hee in lyke maner put to the sacke, where was founde more plentie of spoyle and good bootyes, than in any place before, so farre foorth as the meanest slaues and lackeyes came away riche. And af∣ter [ 20] setting the Towne a fyre (whereby all in the Countrey about were marueylously put in feare) and the Frenche spreading further abroad, wasted the most fruytfull quarter of all that part of Flaunders, euen almoste vnto Newporte: But yet bycause that Monsieur de Thermes tell diseased of the Gowte, the armye wythdrewe and encamped within halfe a myle of Graue∣ling, and for his more ease, he hymselfe laye in Dunkyrke, and in the meane tyme dyuerse [ 30] skyrmyshes fell oute betweene the Frenche men, and them of the garnison within Graue∣ling.

During whiche pastyme, the Counte de Ayguemount (or as he is commonly called Eg∣mont) Lieutenant Generall for King Philip in the lowe Countrey, wyth all hast possible as∣sembled all the power as well of King Philips Garnisons, as also of menne of warre in the lowe Countrey, to the number of fourtene or [ 40] fiftene thousande footemen, and two or three thousande horsemen, whereof there were fiftene hundred Swart Rutters, determining so to af∣fronte the Frenche, that eyther they shoulde passe no further into the Countrey, or at the least waye to empeache them from the Siege of Graueling, whereof there was greate appa∣raunce.

Monsieur de Thermes hearing of thys po∣wer assembled (though scarcely well recouered) [ 50] made all possible haste towarde Graueling, where hee was no sooner arryued, but that hee sawe his enimyes readie raunged in the fielde. By reason whereof his studye was nowe no∣thing else but how he myght bring home his ar∣mie in safetie to Calais.

The Counte de Egmond espying the French menne bent to marche away wyth the spoyle of the Countrey, cutte betweene them and home, placing his battayles in such order, that the Frenchemen had no way to passe, but vppon the Sandes betweene the Towne and the Sea: Where as by good chaunce laye a great fleete of Queene Maryes Shippes of warre, within the daunger of whose Gunshot, the Frenchmen had no shyft but to passe as their iourney lay. And so being forced eyther to famish or to fight at disad∣uauntage.

Mounsieur de Thermes wythoute staying any longer, caused hys vauntgarte to passe ouer the Ryuer somewhat neare the Towne, to auoyde the shotte of the Englishe shippes. And staying vpon the further side for the residue of hys battayles, there came suche thicke hayle∣shotte of Artillerie oute of the Towne on the one syde, and from the Englishe Shippes on the other syde, that there was a full batterie made vppon the Frenchmen on all sydes, which they neuerthelesse abode, without breaking or∣der for the tyme, when sodainlye appeared be∣fore them two great troupes of Horsemen, of fiftene hundred a peece, parte Swart Rutters, and part Burgonians, whereof the one in front, and the other in flanke, gaue strong charges vpon the French vauntgarde, who being well backed with their other battayles (whereof the most part then had passed the Riuer) stoutly repulsed these two first troupes, though not without losse of many their best souldiours.

So thus both partyes being at a stay, and se∣uered somewhat asunder, the Counte Eg∣monde hymselfe wyth eyghtene hundred menne of Armes, and hys foote battayles following, afore the French had well recouered breath, re∣charged vppon them wyth all his forces togy∣ther, so terribly that hee shockte all theyr bat∣tayle, and the number tooke them to flyght, wythout further tryall. So by that tyme that the footemen on eyther side came to the pushe of the Pyke, the victorie was soone had, by reason (as the French men reporte) that the Almaynes beaten backe with Artillerie, as well of the towne as of the shippes aforesayd, brake their order, and came not to the shocke, whereby the whole charge of the battaile rested vppon the Frenche bandes onely.

This fielde was foughten the .xiij. of Iuly 1558. vpon the Sea sandes neare to Graueling, where besides those that were slaine, being estee∣med to the number of fiue thousand fightingmen, ther were taken prisoners the Marshal de Ther∣mes Captaine of Calays, Monsieur Senerpont Gouernour of Bollongne, Monsieur Villebou gouernour of Picardie, Monsieur Annebault son to the late Admirall Annebault, knight of the or∣der, Mon. de Moruillieres gouernor of Abuile,

Monsieur de Chaune gouernour of Corbie, be∣side a great number of other Gentlemen, vali∣ant Captaynes and souldiours, but specially the bandes of Calais went to wrecke, so as very fewe returned home to bring tydings: which gaue such a terrour to the Souldiours remayning in Calais, that it is verilye beleeued, that if the Admiralles of Englande and Flaunders hadde beene present there wyth theyr Nauies, as the sayd other few Ships of England were, and vp∣pon [ 10] thys sodaine had attempted Calais, wyth the ayde of the Countie Egmonde hauing his power present: the Towne of Calays myghte haue beene recouered agayne wyth as little difficultie, and happily in as shorte tyme as it was before gayned by the Duke of Guise. But the sayde Admyrals, (as it appeared) knew no∣thing thereof. Wherefore following theyr pre∣scribed course, and ioyning togyther at the place appoynted, sayled from thence wyth prosperous [ 20] wynde and weather, and by the .xxix. day of the same Moneth, and in the sayde yeare, wyth seuen skore Shippes of warre, appeared by the breake of the day before the Hauen of Conquest, commonly called Conquet in Brytayne: At whose arriuall there (as the maner is) they soun∣ded theyr Trumpettes, and with a thundering peale of great ordinance, gaue a lowde Salue to the Brytaynes: and by eight of the clocke the same morning, maugre al the power of the coun∣trey, being assembled there in Armes, with many peeces of great Artillerie, to defende the entrie of their port, the Englishmen manning forth their Shipboales, with many valiaunt Captaynes and souldiours, recouered landing, and wythin short tyme became maisters of the sayde towne of Conquet, which they put to the saccage, with a great Abbay, and many pretie. Townes and Villages nea•…•…e there aboutes, where our men found great store of pyllage and good booties.

This done, they marched into the Countrey, and burnt many Villages and houses, and after

[illustration]

withdrewe downe to the Sea side, where theyr ships lay readie to receyue them.

But the Flemings beeing couetous of the spoyle, passing further into the lande, before they coulde recouer their Shippes againe, were en∣countred by the power of the countrey, by whom there were slaine of them to the number of foure or fiue hundred.

The Admyralles perceyuing the power of [ 50] the Countrey greatly to encrease, and hauing intelligence that the duke of Estampes the Frēch Kings Lieutenant in Brytayne was very neare comming on, with a greate number of Horse∣men and footemen, esteemed to bee about twen∣tie thousande (as the Frenchmen themselues af∣fyrme) thought not best to attempt any assault agaynst the Towne of Brest, or to make longer abode there. But yet in hope to doe some further exployte elsewhere, they laye there houering on the coast a while to vnderstande the demeanour of the Brytaynes: but by this tyme there was such numbers of people raysed in all those parts for defence of the same coastes, that the Admy∣ralles afterwarde attempting in dyuerse places to lande theyr menne, and fynding eche where more apparaunce of losse than of gayne, retur∣ned home wythoute atchieuing any further en∣terprise.

In this meane time, while King Philip and the French King, with two moste puyssaunt ar∣myes affronted eche other, neare vnto the water of Some, eyther of them being obstinately bent to driue the other out of the field, for which cause they entrenched their campes.

During whiche tyme there was nothyng done betweene them woorthie memorie, more than dayly skyrmishes of no great account. Ne∣uerthelesse, the Countrey of Fraunce coulde not but susteyne extreeme damage, in so long su∣steyning suche a mayne multitude, specially of men of warre, which those two mightie Kings hadde assembled. And day by day came freshe companies to eyther partye, so as it was thought a thyng impossible that suche two [ 10] Princes beeing so neare, coulde departe wyth∣oute some cruell bloudye battayle to determine theyr quarelles: But God in whose handes are the heartes Kings, (when least hope was) conuerted theyr obstinate myndes from warre to peace, whiche came chiefely to passe by the mediation of the Dutches of Lorraine, who hadde beene a long and earnest trauayler to that ende, and neuer ceassed, vntill by his in∣tercession, both the sayde Kinges appoynted [ 20] speciall Commissioners to treate vppon peace. So that after diuerse conferences, they at laste concluded vppon all controuersies, excepte the matter of Calays, whereof Queene Mary by hir Ambassadours requyred restitution: But the Frenche partye woulde in no wise heare thereof. By reason of whiche dyfficultye, thys treatie coulde not come to anye good con∣clusion.

King Philippe thinking himselfe bounde in [ 30] honour to stande in that case with the Queene hys wyfe, who for hys sake had entred into a needlesse warre against Fraunce, and thereby lost hir sayd towne, with all the Countrey adioyning (as you haue hearde before) did therefore stay a long time before hee concluded peace wyth the French king.

Queene Marie seeing no likely hoode, nor ha∣uing any hope of the restitution of Calays, and considering also, that most of hir affayres had [ 40] but hard successe, conceyued an inwarde sorrow of mynde, by reason whereof aboute September nexte shee fell sicke of a hote burning Feuer, which sicknesse was common that yeare through all the Realme, and consumed a marueylous number, as well Noble men, as Bishops, Iud∣ges, Knightes, Gentlemen, and rich farmours: but most of the Cleargie, and other auncient and graue persons. In which while the Queene lay languishing of a long sickenesse, and so conti∣nued [ 50] vntill the .xvij. of Nouember next betwene the houres of fiue or sixe in the morning, and then ended hir life in thys worlde, at hir house of Saint Iames besydes Westminster, when she had raigned fiue yeares, foure Monethes, and eleuen dayes, and in the .xliij. yeare of hir bodi∣ly age.

The same Euening (or as some haue writ∣ten the next day) dyed Cardinall Poole Legate of the Bishop of Rome, late afore made Archbishop of Canterburie, at his house ouer against West∣minster called Lambeth.

This Cardinall was discended of the house of Clarence, that is to say, one of the yonger sonnes of Margaret Countesse of Salisburie, daughter of george Duke of Clarence, brother to king Edward the fourth.

The death of this sayde Queene made a marueylous alteration in thys Realme, name∣ly in the case of Religion, which like as by the death of King Edwarde the sixte it suffered a chaunge from the establishment of his time: so by the death of this Queene it returned into the for∣mer estate againe.

Of such learned men as had written and did liue in hir dayes there were many, of whome no small number ended theyr lyues also duryng that shorte tyme of hir raigne, some by fire, and other in exile. Iohn Rogers borne in Lanca∣shire, wrote dyuerse Treatises, translated the Byble into Englishe with notes, and published the same vnder the name of Thomas Mathew: hee suffered in Smythfielde the fourth of Fe∣bruarie, in the yeare .1555: Nicholas Rydley Bishop first of Rochester, and after of London, suffred at Oxforde in the sayd yeare .1555. Hugh Latimer borne in Leycestershyre, sometime Bi∣shop of Worcester, a notable Preacher, and a most reuerende father, suffred at the same place, and in the same day and yeare wyth Byshoppe Rydley: Iohn Hoper borne in Somersetshyre, Bishop first of Gloucester, and after of Worce∣ster, suffred at Gloucester. Anno .1555. Iohn Bradforde, borne in Manchester, a notable Towne in Lancashire, a sober, mylde, and dis∣creete learned man, suffred at London the fyrst of Iuly in the foresayde yeare .1555. Stephen Gardiner Bishop of Winchester borne in the Towne of Saint Edmondes burie in Suffolke, of King Henrie the eightes Counsaile, and in King Edwardes dayes committed to warde within the Tower, released by Queene Marie, made Lorde Chauncellour, and so dyed a stowte Champion in defence of the Popes doctrine, and a great enimie to the professours of the Gos∣pell: Iohn Philpot borne in Hamshyre, sonne to sir Peter Philpot Knight, was Archedeacon of Wynchester, ended his lyfe by fyre in the yeare aforesayde .1555. the .xviij. of December, going then on the .xliiij. yeare of his age: Thomas Craumer borne in Notinghāshire Archbishop of Canterburie, a worthie Prelate, in sundrie ver∣tues right commendable, suffred at Oxforde the xxj. of Marche .1556. Richarde Morison knight borne in Oxfordshyre, wrote dyuerse treatises, and deceassed at Strausburge the .xvij. of March

1556. Iohn Poynet borne in Kent, Bishoppe of Rochester first, and after of Winchester, deceassed likewise at Strausburgh, about the tenth or ele∣uenth of August. Anno .1556. Robert Recorde a Doctor of Phisick, and an excellent Philosopher, in Arithmetike, Astrologie, Cosmographie, and Geometrie moste skilfull, hee was borne in Wales, discended of a good family, and finally departed this lyfe in the dayes of Queene Mary: Baltholmew Traheron discended of a worship∣full [ 10] house in the West partes of Englande, deane of Chichester, departed this lyfe in Germanie, where he lyued in exile, aboute the latter ende of Queene Maryes raigne: Cutbert Tunstall Bishop first of London, and after of Durham, borne in Lancashire of a right worshipfull fa∣mily, excellently learned, as by his workes it may appeare Doctor of both the Lawes, departed this life in the yeare .1556. Richarde Samson By∣shop of Couentrie and Lichfielde, wrote cer∣taine [ 20] Treatises, and departed this life Anno. 1555. Lucas Sheparde borne in Colchester in Essex, an English Poet: Iane Dudley daugh∣ter to Henrie Gray Duke of Suffolke, wrate di∣uerse things highlye to hir commendation, of whome ye haue hearde more before here in thys Hystorie: William Thomas a Welchman borne, of whome ye haue lykewise heard howe he suffred for Treason, wrote the Hystorie of Ita∣lie, and other things verie eloquently: Iames Brokes a Doctor of Diuinitie: Iohn Standish a Doctor likewise of the same profession, greate defenders of the Popes doctrine, as by their wor∣kes appeareth: William Peryne a blacke Frier by profession, and a Doctor also of Diuinitie, wrote in defence of the Masse, and preached Ser∣mons which were prynted of like stuffe: Iohn Baret borne in Lynne, a Doctor of Diuinitie, and sometyme a Carmelite Frier, but reuolting from the Popes Religion, became an earnest set∣ter forth of the Gospell, but eftsoones hee fell off, and returned to hys former opinions nowe in the dayes of Queene Marie: Henrie Lorde Stafforde, sonne to Edwarde Duke of Buc∣kingham, amongst other things which he wrote, he translated a booke out of the Latine into Eng∣lish, intituled Vtrius{que} potestatis differentia, that is, the difference betwixt the two powers, which booke (as some thinke) was first compyled and set forth by Edwarde Foxe Bishop of Hereford: Iohn Hopkins translated dyuerse Psalmes of the Psalter into English meeter, whiche are to bee founde amongest those appoynted to be sung in Churches.

Notes

• Queene Marie.
• 1552
• Quene Marie proclaymed.
• The Duke of Northumber∣land arrested.
• Queene Marie commeth to London.
• Prisoners discharged.
• Stephen Gar∣diner made L. Chancelor.
• Edward Court¦•…•…y created Earle of De∣uonshire.
• Doctor Borne
• A dagger throwne at the preacher.
• The Duke of Northumber∣land arreigned
• The Duke of Northumber∣land beheaded
• The Archbi∣shop of Can∣terburie com∣mitted to the tower.
• Queene Marie crowned.
• A pardon with exceptions.
• Commissio∣ners.
• A Parliament.
• Treason. Felonie. Premunire.
• The Parlia∣ment proro∣ged.
• Sir Iames Hales in trou∣ble for religi∣on.
• He drowneth himselfe.
• A publike disputation.
• Cardinall Pole sent for home.
• The Counsell deuided about the receyuing of the Cardi∣nall.
• Ambassadors from the Em∣perour.
• Wiat publi∣sheth a procla∣mation at Maidstone.
• He commeth to Rochester.
• Sir George Harpe•…•….
• Christopher Roper taken.
• Maister Dor∣rell and maister Tuck taken.
• Sir Thomas Wiat writeth to sir Robert Southwell.
• The sherife of Kent and the Lorde of Bur∣gueuennie as∣semble a po∣wer against Wiat.
• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Heraule 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to Wiat.
• The Lorde was taken.
• Weldishmen, that is, such as well in h•…•…e well of Kent.
• Wrotham heath
• Barrow greene,
• Wrotham hil. Yallam.
• Black soll field
• The skirmish.
• The Duke of Norffolke ar∣riueth at Stroude.
• The reuolting of the Londo∣ners.
• The sherife of Kent rideth to the Counsaile.
• The Duke 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Suffolke g•…•… downe into Leycestersh•…•…
• The citie of Couentrie.
• The Duke of Suffolke kep•…•… out of Couen¦trie.
• The Duke of Suffolke ap∣prehended.
• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Iohn •…•…aken.
• 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Thom •••• taken.
• •…•…wling •…•…el.
• The Lorde Cobham.
• Wiats re∣questes▪
• The Emperors ambassadors flee frō Wiat.
• Queene Ma∣ries oration.
• The mar∣•••••• to Det∣ford ••••••han.
• Wyat suffereth his prisoners to go abrode vpon their worde.
• Wiat cōmeth into South∣warke.
• Sir Thomas Wyats despe∣rate attempt.
• Wyat and his complyees fall into consul∣tation.
• The Lorde Warden.
• Wyat at his wittes ende.
• Wyat mar∣cheth to King∣stone.
• Wyat repay∣reth the brid•…•… at Kingston
• Grafton. The Earle of Pembroke s•…•…¦teth the ar•…•… in order.
• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 skirmish at ••••aring crosse
• Sir Thomas Wiat submit∣teth himselfe to the Queene.
• The stoute courage of Queene Mary.
• The execution of Ladie Iane and the Lorde Guilforde.
• The wordes of the Ladie Iane at hir death.
• Earle •••• Duke of ••••ke.
• ••••xe.
• The Duke of Suffolke behea∣ded.

  Doctor VVe∣ston.
• The Dukes vvordes to the People.
• The ende of the Duke of Suffolke.
• The number of them that thus had their parponwere •…•…40.
• Gentlemen 〈◊〉〈◊〉 into Kent to be executed.
• Execution.
• Lady Eliza∣beth.
• A parliament sommoned a•…•… Oxford but not holden.
• The Bishops Craemer, La∣••••••er, & Rid∣•…•…ey sent to ••••forde.
• Commissio∣n••••••.
• Sir Thomas Wyat ar∣raigned.
• Wyats aun∣swere.
• The Iudge.
• Sir Edwarde Hasting.
• Maister Cor∣dall now ma•…•…∣ster of the Rolles.
• William Thomas.
• Wyats con∣fession.
• •…•…he executiō 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Tho∣mas Wyat.
• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Nicholas Throckmor∣ton
• The Queenes learned coun∣sell gaue e∣uidence a∣gainst the prisoner.
• Winters con∣fession redde by Stanford.
• Vaughans confessiō was redde by Stā∣forde.
• Happie for Throckmortō that those sta∣tutes stoode•…•… then repealed.
• The Lorde Thomas Gray beheaded.
• William Tho¦mas arreigned 〈◊〉〈◊〉 condemned
• The Ladie •…•…lizabeth de∣liuered out of •…•…he tower.
• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Henrie Beningfielde •…•…night.
• An. reg. 2. The Lorde Iohn Grey.
• The arriuall of the prince of Spaine.
• He commeth to Winchester
• The mariage solemnised.
• Their title.
• King Philip ••••••led at Windsore.
• The Lorde Iohn Grey see at libertie.
• M. Foxe.
• The wordes of the bishop of Winchester.
• Grafton.
• The effect of the Cardinals oration.
• ••••pplication ••••••••ted to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 all 〈◊〉〈◊〉, by the ••••rliament.
• An absolution pronounced by Cardinall Poole to the Parliament house.
• 1555
• Prisoners de∣••••••red.
• William Fe∣••••erston, alias ••••••estable a 〈◊〉〈◊〉, nameth ••••••selfe King ••••ward the 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 Stow.
• The Lorde Courtney go∣eth ouer into Italy.
• Ambassadors sent to treate a peace be∣tweene the Frenche king and the Em∣peroure.
• An. reg. 3.
• A greate flood encreased by rayne.
• Commissio∣ners sent to Oxforde.
• A Parliament.
• The death of Stephen Gard∣ner Byshop of Winchester.
• The Archby∣shop of Yorke
• 1556
• A rumor that Queene Mar•…•… was deliuered of a Prince.
• Thomas Crā∣•••••• Archby∣••••op of Can∣••••••bury con∣••••••ned.
• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 brent.
• Cardinall Poole made Archbyshop of Canterbury
• Persecution for religion.
• Newgate set on fire.
• A conspiracy.
• Sir Anthony Kingston de∣parteth thys lyfe. Execution.
• Ro. Greene.
• Stow.
• An. reg. 4.
• Execution.
• Great deathe.
• An Ambassa∣dor out of Muscouia.

  1557
• The Lorde Stutton han∣ged.
• A great deart•…•… and after great plenty•…•…
• The returne of K. Philipp•…•… into England•…•…
• Queene Ma∣•…•… proclay∣•…•…eth open ••••e with the French King.
• Fifteene or sixteene thou∣sand footemē, and a three or four thousand horsemen.
• Prisoners of name.
• These nine were Knight•…•… of the order.
• •…•…e L. Henrie Dudley slaine.
• Doctor Weston.
• Calais not fur∣nished with a sufficient nū∣ber of men.
• The Duke of Guise with a great armie commeth to∣ward Calais.
• 1558
• Newnam bridge taken by the French
• Ricebanke ta∣ken by the French.
• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Anthonie •…•…ger and his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 slaine.
• Calais deli∣uered to the French.
• The garnison of souldiours that were in Calais.
• A terrible tempest.
• Grafton.
• •…•…tyne.
• •…•…rle layde •…•…e Mary •…•…arke.
• The Gas∣coignes put backe.
• The Lorde •…•…ray cōmen∣•…•… his soul∣•…•…ers.
• The daunger which my lord Gray escaped.
• The Swisses and Gascoigns giue the as∣sault.
• L. Gray 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by mis∣•…•…e.
• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 French 〈◊〉〈◊〉 bridges.
• •…•…fton.
• ••••ati•…•…e.
• Grafton.
• Grafton.
• Hammes Castell.
• Monsieur de Thermes made captain of Calays.
• The mariage of the Queene of Scots with the Dolphin.
• Brest in Bry∣tayne.
• The Lorde Clynton Ad∣myrall.
• Monsieur de Thermes cap∣taine of Ca∣lays.
• Dunkyrke be∣sieged, taken, and burnt by the French.
• Counte Eg∣mond.
• English ships annoy the French.
• A valiant coset giuen vpon the Frenchmen by Counte Egmond.
• A great vic∣torie.
• Prisoners taken.
• Conquest or Conquet takē and burnt.
• A great slaugh∣ter of the Fle∣mings.
• 1558

  An reg. 6.
• The deser•…•…∣tion of Car∣dinall Poo•…•…