The newe iewell of health wherein is contayned the most excellent secretes of phisicke and philosophie, deuided into fower bookes. In the which are the best approued remedies for the diseases as well inwarde as outwarde, of all the partes of mans bodie: treating very amplye of all dystillations of waters, of oyles, balmes, quintessences, with the extraction of artificiall saltes, the vse and preparation of antimonie, and potable gold. Gathered out of the best and most approued authors, by that excellent doctor Gesnerus. Also the pictures, and maner to make the vessels, furnaces, and other instrumentes therevnto belonging. Faithfully corrected and published in Englishe, by George Baker, chirurgian.

The maner of Dystilling water simple, & the waters of Minurall Bathes, to thende that a man may knowe the things myxed in them, and of their propertie: Borowed out of the learned worke of Medicinall waters of Gabriel Fallopius. The seconde Chapter.

A Man maye dissolue after two fashions, the wa∣ters of Mynurall Bathes by Dystillation: the one in Balneo Mariae, but such a resolution is hard to bring to passe: the other by a Distillation drie, which is done in vessels of Glasse, whether they be Vrinall Bodyes, or those named (of the Ara∣bians) Bozia, it much forceth not, as I haue sayde: It is suffici∣ent that by this Dissolution of the water, which is wrought by the Dystillation of drie heate, that all those thyngs are knowen, myxed in such waters, without excluding or excepting the vapors or spirites, which are knowne by this reason. Haue a Furnace wholy in a readynesse, the fire represented by the letter A. let be

kyndled beneath, a high on the Furnace, as in the hollownesse, set a vessell of strong Earth very large, (in fashion of a Carna∣tion potte) full of sifted Sande expressed by B. fill the Bozia or, V∣rinall vessell declared by C. (it forceth not much whether of them) with the Mynerall or

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Bathe water, and that the vessell be set vnto the myddle in the sand, which is wythin the Earthen potte: let the Bozia be couered with his head, hauing a nose sufficient long, signifi∣ed by the note D. Both these Lute well togy∣ther, to the ende that there be no cleftes, nor any space betwéene the two vessels: Af∣ter purchase a Pype of Glasse about the bygnesse of a finger, hol∣lowe and open at both endes, descrybed by E. into the one ende of this Pype thrust the nose of the heade, and wrap a Lynnen cloth many times about that ioynt, to the ende that the passages and pores may on such wyse be stopped, that no vapour at all breath forth: then haue in a readynesse a baled Payle, or other lyke ves∣sell of woode, expressed by the letter F. full of colde water▪ and bo∣red of eyther side directlye, that the Pype descending from the nose of the Heade, may passe ouerthwhart this Paile along, with∣in the colde water: By this meanes and waye shall you knowe what maner of Spirites haue bene commixed with the Myne∣rall water. For the Sande contayned in the Earthen pot, heated by the fire, doth make hote by his heate the Bozia or Vrinall bo∣die and the water contayned in the same, from which many va∣pors continually are sent, which ascending and flying to the head, are there thickened and conuerted into water, which running downe by the Pype, retayneth as yet the vapors, bycause that the water descending by this Pype, is somewhat cooled, by the colde as well of the Pype, as of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 water whych is in the wooden vessell (ouerthwart the whych, the Pype extendeth and

passeth along) that toucheth the water: so that the cooling of the one and the other, doth not permit that the vapours being in the water which descende, to breath forth: Thus procéede with that fire vnder the Furnace, vntill all the water shall be dystilled forth, and consumed in the Glasse bodie. Thys done, drawe the Bozia out of the Earthen pot, in whych you shall finde and sée yet remayning some moysture, the same let to drye and consume a∣way in the sunne, after set in the Sunne the Fecies or groundes which shall be at the bottome of the vessell, and let them through∣lye drie. When the Fecies shall be thus dryed in the Sunne, then it behooueth to consider & marke what in them is contained. Certayne wyll that the sedunents or groundes be layde abroade on a fayre smooth Table, and beholde them in the Sunne, to the ende that what bright and shyning Bodie shall be there, the same may appeare more easily in the Beames of the Sunne. As tou∣ching my mynde in this, I rather wyshe that another matter be afore done: First, so soone as the Bozia shall be drawne forth of the Furnace, the sediments or grounds being yet hote, it behoo∣ueth to approch and put downe the Nose to the mouth of the Bo∣zia, for a man shall easily knowe and perceyue by the smell, whe∣ther the same be of Cleye, or of Earth, which is impossible to knowe by any other meanes: In lyke maner the sauour of the groundes yet being hote, bryngeth or yéeldeth a knowledge of the redde Chalke (that we name Ruddell) which rendreth a sa∣uour swéete, and by the same note is the presence of the Oker perceyued. After that, the sedimentes shall be somewhat more cooled, take a portion of the same, rubbing it betwéene the fin∣gers: By the same meanes shall you discerne and knowe the Sandaraca, Brymstone, Orpyment, and others lyke: In the ende let the groundes being drye, be spredde on a Table in the Sunne, for if there shall be any small Bodyes of Alumne, those will be made manifest by the Sunne, so that on such wyse shall they apparantly shewe and be séene: By this maner and fashion shall you perceyue the Salt, if it be gathered in bygge graynes, the Nytre lykewise if it be in great quantitie, for that in small quantity the same is very hardly discerned. The Brymstone, if it be pure, is knowne by his colour, in that it is somewhat yelow, or

palyshe: euen so may a man haue iudgement or perceyueraunce of Ashes and Stones, clotted and hardned togither. As touching other Mettals, as the Golde, Siluer Tin, Iron, and such like, are not knowne: for that those are sometymes so much myxed with Marble, Ashes, and such lyke things, that they cannot be iudged or perceyued by any sense: yea, although that you taste the sedi∣ment, yet may you knowe nothing by the same. For which cause it behooueth to procéede and trie by another meanes and way: as to spreade that sediment on a Lamyne of Iron polyshed and bur∣ning, or redde hote: for on such wyse shall it be ••asie to dyscerne the Ashes, Marble, Gypsum, Lyme, Brymstone, Salt, Nytre, and Ceruse: Forsomuch that if it hath of the Lyme, or Marble, they will not be burned at all, but after that some one of the o∣thers shall be burned, they will remayne, & possesse a colour more white than they had afore. And if you discerne or sée that it hath a∣ny matter, which cannot be burned, but rather incontinent becō∣meth very white, know for troth that y^e same is Gypsū: for which cause, the Lyme, Marble, and Gypsum agrée and partake in this, that they be not burned at all, but remayne, and be caused more whyte: yet this difference there is, that the Lyme and Marble are slowly caused whyte, and their whytenesse is not much more increased than it was before: But contrarywise the Gypsum at∣tayneth incontinent a whytenesse, whych is much greater tha•• the same was before. The Brymstone is also easily knowne by this experience, forsomuch as that it m••lteth and representeth his proper sauor: The Salt likewyse and the Nytre are knowne, for that their sediments (if they be there) are burned, and will cast forth sparckles: But thys difference there is, for if there be Salt, it wyll sparckle and cracke lykewise, if onely Nytre, it wyll sparkle wythout cracking: If the matter be myxed of Salt and Nytre, whyles the sediment is in burning, part of it wyll sparckle and cracke, and part of it wyll sparckle wythout crac∣king: I neuer yet founde the Leade by this experience, but I suppose that if it were founde in the s••diment, it woulde be mol∣ten on a Lamy••e of Iron burning. If there be in it of the Ce∣ruse, the groundes then wyll render or be caused redde, whych is also a note of the Leade, for so much as these two are verye

lyttle dyffering: For the Ceruse is made of Leade, and of Ce∣ruse the Vermillon, that is, a like quantitie of Ceruse and Rud∣dell or redde earth burned togither: If you sée that the sediment is molten, and become so whyte as Mylke, you maye not per∣swade and gather incontinent, that there is in it of the Allum, for although that there be sometymes a note that there is of the Al∣lum with his stone, yet may it be caused there to be without m••l∣ting, for the Allum is molten one whyles by heate, an other whyles by moysture: The other Mettals cannot be knowne by any of these experiences.

I neuerthelesse haue founde an Arte, which I haue experien∣ced at the Aponitaine Bathes, Lucensis, and the water of Villen∣sis, which is on such wyse: When you will examine and trye, if any water hath of the Vitrioll, or of Allum, or other lyke Mynu∣rall, cause the water first to boyle, not in a vessell of Glasse, but of Tynne, or Iron: after that the water shall be boyled a cer∣taine tyme, let it settle, then after the boyling yet a little more, incontinent throwe or poure into it the iuice or decoction of Gall nuttes, in small quantitie: If the water hath of Vitrioll, or of Allum, it will incontinent become blacke: Or else take some composition black, as is the medicine (named Verzinum) knowne in Italie, causing it to boyle in water, vnto the tyme that the water taketh a colour in maner blacke: after strayne the same, and sprinckle a quantitie of this water on the groundes, and if there be of the Allum, that colour blacke, will incontinent be re∣stored or caused more cleare. And what I haue sayde of the co∣lour left of the medicine Verzinum, as much it behooueth to vn∣derstande of any other matter, in such sort that the water for to worke or doe such an experience, may be made of euery matter, which may dye the water into a blacke colour: and the water so that it be blacke, it forceth not of what matter the same be caused blacke. As touching the astriction, which consisteth in the Allum, I report nothing of it, in that the Allum beyng in the sediment, cannot be knowne by the taste: For it commeth often to passe, that when you taste the sediment, and that you féele an astricti∣on, yet the same procéedeth or commeth not of the Allum, but perhappes of Salt or some other thing: The Iron, the Cop∣per,

and such lyke Mettals, cannot by other meanes be known••, but by the corruption and resolution of the groundes, in such sort that euery Mettall (that there shall be) maye be turned into hys proper excrement, and so of his proper excrement, shall you after knowe this or that Mettall to be in it. By the selfe same fashion and manner is knowne the Iron, the Syluer, the Golde, the Chrysocolla, that is, the Saulder of Golde, the Copper, and such lyke. For these reasons it behooueth to ioyne and myxe the groundes with some medicine, or sharpe lycour, to the ende that euery Mettall which shall be contayned in the sediment, maye be turned into his proper excrement. Nowe the sharpe and corro∣siue medicine that a man may finde, apt and fitte to doe the same, shall be the strong Vinegar, the Aqua fortis, and such lyke. Take therefore the sediment, and bestowe the same into Aqua fortis, or other such medicine corrosiue, and when you shall see the water to be dryed vp and consumed, regarde and marke diligently, if the excrement of any Mettall, be not on the sediment: as if you sée on the Groundes, the excrement of Iron to be coagulated and heaped togither, you shall easily iudge the Iron to be in the sedi∣ment or groundes. If you there sée of the excrement of Copper, or a matter gréene cankered, the same is a note that there is of the Copper, and euen so of the others. Therefore the Mettalles are knowne by the corruption, and mutation, or chaunging of them into their proper excrements: And this shall you knowe to be a sure experience and a troth of the matter (as you may easily trie in the doyng) if you take a portion of any Mettall, as the Fy∣lings of Iron, and shall myxe the same with the groundes of any matter, and bestowe a payne about it, that the fylinges maye be corrupted, then shall you sée that the same wyll be corrupted into his proper excrement, which is named (of the Latynes Ferrugo) that is, the rust of Iron. After this maner are knowen how much and what are the things which are myxed with the Mynurall wa∣ters, that serue to Bathes, which is especially tryed by the indu∣strie and worke of Dystillation: But consider and take héede that the gréene colour doth not deceyue you, which appeareth sometymes in the sediment, although that it hath nothing of the Copper myxed: for oftentymes this colour is there ingendred of

some Bole, which is myxed amongst the grounds: for that cause throughly examine and make the proofe, if this colour procéedeth of the Copper myxed, or Iron, or the excrement of Iron, or of some Bole, in this sort: Take the sediment of that water, and poure the same into Vineger dystilled, and consider or marke what colour the Vineger representeth or draweth vnto, the lyke consider what the colour is of the sediment, after that it shall be through dryed. For if it hath there the excrement of Iron, the co∣lour shall be blacke: If Bole, the colour shall be redde, that is, lesse blacke, and tending or drawing to a rednesse: I here vtter nothing of the sauour and taste, for that so dyuers is the sauour and taste of Mynurall waters, that a man cannot know of them, what those are myxed wythall. All these hitherto haue I borro∣wed out of the learned worke of Mynurall Bathes of Fallopius, which I haue endeuoured to penne or wryte worde for worde, as things appertayning to the matter, of which we haue entrea∣ted, in respect that we so oftentymes entreate of Mettals in this Booke, which are things worthie to be examined diligently, for the vtilitie and profite of most men.