| Title: | Cascade |
| Original Title: | Cascade |
| Volume and Page: | Vol. 2 (1752), p. 739 |
| Author: | Antoine-Joseph Dezallier d'Argenville (biography) |
| Translator: | Ann-Marie Thornton [Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey] |
| Subject terms: |
Gardening
Hydraulics
|
| Original Version (ARTFL): | Link |
| Source: | Russell, Terence M. and Anne Marie Thornton. Gardens and landscapes in the Encyclopédie of Diderot and D'Alembert : the letterpress articles and selected engravings. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999. Used with permission. |
| Rights/Permissions: |
This text is protected by copyright and may be linked to without seeking permission. Please see http://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/terms.html for information on reproduction. |
| URL: | http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.did2222.0001.828 |
| Citation (MLA): | Dezallier d'Argenville, Antoine-Joseph. "Cascade." The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Translated by Ann-Marie Thornton. Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library, 2013. Web. [fill in today's date in the form 18 Apr. 2009 and remove square brackets]. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.did2222.0001.828>. Trans. of "Cascade," Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, vol. 2. Paris, 1752. |
| Citation (Chicago): | Dezallier d'Argenville, Antoine-Joseph. "Cascade." The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Translated by Ann-Marie Thornton. Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.did2222.0001.828 (accessed [fill in today's date in the form April 18, 2009 and remove square brackets]). Originally published as "Cascade," Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, 2:739 (Paris, 1752). |
Cascade, water which falls from an elevated place.
Cascades may be natural or artificial.
Natural cascades, such as those at Tivoli, Terni, Schaffhouse, etc., are formed by uneven terrain and called cataracts. [1]
Artificial, man-made cascades fall in sheets like the Rivière at Marly, in gullies as in the groves of Saint-Cloud, in a gentle slope as at Sceaux, in buffets as at Trianon and Versailles, or in perron falls like the great cascade at Saint-Cloud. [2]
One also refers to large and small cascades which are placed in a hornbeam or trellised recess, either in the centre of a horse shoe or at the head of an ornamental lake.
Notes
1. The celebrated falls of the river Aniene at Tivoli are 108 m high. The Cascata delle Marmore at Terni is man-made: it was created in 271 BC by the consul Manius Curius Dentatus (d. 270 BC ), who had the waters of the river Velino channelled into the river Nera. The Rhine Falls south-west of Schaffhouse is formed of two principal falls separated by rock ( Encyclopedia Britannica, 1995, x.21; xi.647, 807; Howatson and Chilvers, 1996, p. 152).
2. The Rivière at Marly brought water down from the Réservoir du Trou d’Enfer along fifty-three marble steps, in graduated falls which were scarcely perceptible from a distance; it was turfed during the Regency. The cascade at the Parc de Sceaux runs into the ornamental lake of the Octagone. A buffet d’eau is a garden ornament set in a nook or against a wall, over which a pyramid of water falls into basins. The Buffet d’Eau at the Grand Trianon, Versailles, was designed by Jules Hardouin-Mansart in 1687. The Italianate cascade at Saint-Cloud, near Paris, now ornaments a public park (Adams, 1979, p. 97; Thacker, 1979, p. 158; articles: ‘Buffet d’eau’, Lambin, ‘Marly’, Saint- Cloud’, ‘Sceaux’, ‘Versailles: the Grand Trianon’, Ian Dunlop, in Jellicoe et al., 1991, pp. 79, 356, 495, 501, 588).