Henry Simpson Memorial Institute for Medical Research, which enlarged the already extensive fields of research carried on in internal medicine. When the Regents approved the establishment of the Department of Postgraduate Medicine, Dr. Bruce was named its head, to begin the organization of the department during the year 1927-28. Dr. C. C. Sturgis, who in 1927 had been named Director of the Simpson Memorial Institute, in 1928 became Director of the Department of Internal Medicine.
The second floor of the Hospital is occupied for the most part by the internal medicine service. An important offshoot of this clinic, the Heart Station, was set up in a part of the basement of the surgical wing. This clinic was inaugurated in 1921 on Dr. Newburgh's initiative, and Dr. Frank N. Wilson, a recognized authority on diseases of circulation, was appointed Associate Professor of Internal Medicine and made responsible for further research and use of the electrocardiograph. In a comparatively short time the equipment was increased, and in the new Hospital the Heart Station has become an important aid to diagnosis.
The clinic for the study of tuberculosis was also first developed under the Department of Internal Medicine. Two floors were added to the Hospital in 1931 to care for this program.
Surgery. — After the resignation of Moses Gunn, the first Professor of Surgery, in 1867 and a series of short incumbencies, Donald Maclean was obtained as Lecturer in Surgery in 1872 and in the following year was appointed Professor of Surgery. In 1880 as head of the "surgical clinique" (R.P., 1876-80, pp. 531-37), he reported to the Regents that clinics were held daily, that almost every form of "surgical affection" was presented, and that treatment was "practically illustrated." Maclean was succeeded in 1889 by Charles De Nancrède, whose skill as a surgeon gave the clinic an outstanding reputation for more than a quarter of a century. When the former University Hospital Building became the Surgical Ward in 1900, an amphitheater and three smaller operating rooms were made available. As early as 1897 emphasis had been placed upon improved methods of sterilization, and the use of X-ray apparatus, loaned to the University, proved invaluable in surgical diagnosis. Under De Nancrède, a surgical laboratory was established which increased facilities and stimulated original investigations.
Specialization within the Department of Surgery was placed upon a substantial foundation by the appointment of Ira D. Loree as Clinical Professor of Genitourinary Surgery in 1908 and by the establishment of a weekly clinic in that subject. Cyrenus G. Darling, previously Lecturer on Genitourinary and Minor Surgery, and at that time Clinical Professor of Surgery, and of Oral Surgery in the College of Dental Surgery, had charge of the cleft-lip and cleft-palate cases. A large number of cases of bone fracture in the surgical clinics led to the establishment of a clinic in orthopedics in 1911, with Charles L. Washburne as demonstrator, and a few years later Max Minor Peet took charge of a new clinic in neurological surgery.
Failing health led De Nancrède to turn more of his work over to Darling, who succeeded him and became head of the surgical clinic in 1917. Darling resigned in 1919 and was replaced by Hugh Cabot, who was shortly to become Dean of the Medical School and who remained in charge until 1930. Cabot's particular interest was genitourinary surgery, and upon Loree's resignation in 1920, he concentrated primarily in this field.
The surgical clinic, one of the oldest and most important teaching divisions
