carried on studies in diabetes which led the Rockefeller Foundation to give funds for a diet kitchen, a dining-room for diabetic patients, and a small laboratory. This simple clinic was the forerunner of the present diet therapy clinic. Studies in metabolism and heart diseases were inaugurated with the purchase of an electrocardiograph and the establishment of a heart station. Newburgh was succeeded in 1922 by Louis M. Warfield, who resigned, however, in 1925 to return to private practice.
With the opening of the Palmer Ward for children, the demands of pediatrics developed so rapidly that the number of patients grew from fewer than fifty in 1905 to more than 2,300 in 1920. This necessitated the removal of the maternity cases to two dwelling houses near the Hospital, which had been fitted up for that purpose, so that the first floor of Palmer Ward in 1911 was finally given over entirely to pediatrics. A new food laboratory, diet kitchen, and pediatrics laboratory in the basement were added. By 1913 the nurses on the two upper floors of Palmer Ward were also compelled to find quarters elsewhere, and the space thus gained, together with the passageways leading to the building on each side, was used for children. In 1907 an orthopedic ward had also been opened in the building.
Upon the completion of the new Hospital in 1925, the children's ward was removed to the sixth floor of the new building, where a tablet marked it as the Palmer Ward, in memory of Dr. Palmer and in recognition of Mrs. Palmer's generous gift a quarter of a century earlier.
The first professorship in obstetrics and gynecology included the diseases of children. A separate clinic in pediatrics was not established until some years after the completion of the Palmer Ward in 1905. Dr. D. M. Cowie became Clinical Professor of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine in 1907 and continued in charge of this clinic until his death in 1940. Cowie was also in charge of the program in infectious diseases after the erection of the Contagious Disease Hospital, for which funds were given by the city of Ann Arbor in 1913. He was made Professor of Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases in 1921.
Children had been treated in the University Hospital before 1908, but it was not until Dr. Cowie's appointment that they were reported separately by the Department of Internal Medicine. The clinic grew with the large number of patients referred to it under the state laws, particularly those of 1927 authorizing care of crippled children in the state. When the laws were changed in 1939 under Act No. 283, and the appropriations for the care of children were reduced, the number of children referred to the University Hospital substantially decreased.
Dr. Cowie was succeeded by Dr. Charles Fremont McKhann as Professor of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases and chairman of the department.
To expand further the service of the University Hospital for sick and crippled children, the Northern Michigan Children's Clinic at Marquette (a unit supported by the Children's Fund of Michigan), was designated by the Regents in 1931 as a part of the University Hospital, and the acceptance of children for state care by the clinic was authorized. A similar action for the Central Michigan Children's Clinic at Traverse City was taken in 1936. Each of these clinics in 1940 represented the expenditure of some $5,000 annually.
The appointment of Dr. James D. Bruce as Director of Internal Medicine and Chief of the Medical Service almost exactly coincided with the opening of the new Hospital. He came shortly after the receipt of the endowment of the Thomas
