Mathematical philosophy, a study of fate and freedom; lectures for educated laymen, by Cassius J. Keyser.

370 MATHEMATICAL PHILOSOPHY
tory, or quantitative, science; they were taken by men
trained in the ways of natural science. These men were
Weber, professor of anatomy and physiology in the university of Leipzig, and Fechner, professor of physics in
the same institution. What was the new problem they
set for themselves and how did they attack it? Well,
there is in our world what we call matter and there is
what we call mind. Let us not tarry to debate the great
present-day question whether the two things are essentially one nor whether they are derived from a "neutral"
something-something, that is, that is neither matter nor
mind.' For our pioneers mind and matter were obviously
two, the two were related, and the problem was to ascertain how. And their method was that of experiment and
observation. Where did they begin? And why there?
Sense Departments and Their Fundamental Problems.-Imagination, conception, reason, will, all these
have to do with matter, but experimental research did not
begin with them. Why not? Because it was best to begin at the beginning, and the beginning is sensation-it is
in what we call sensation that our "minds" first get into
some sort of knowing connection with "matter." It was
soon found necessary to distinguish many more "sense
departments,"-as they are called,-than the traditional
five departments of hearing, sight, and so on; for example, our capacity to feel pressure gives rise to a distinctive class of sensations, and so the pressure-sense is
spoken of as a sense department; in like manner, we
speak of sense departments corresponding respectively to
the capacities for feeling warmths, brightnesses, sizes,
sounds, and so on, it being evident that some of the deIn relation to the question, see Russell's Analysis of Mind and
Keyser's review of it in The Literary Reviewo (N. Y. Evening Post).