Elementary arithmetic, with brief notices of its history... by Robert Potts.

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9. A pays ~20 and B ~40. 10. A should receive ~1014{-, B ~241641, andt
C~1921y-r 11. ~11-, 2~7in4,1 ~62s '
12. Effective Causes.
A's 500X2=1000.?'s 500X3=1500. C's 500X4=2000
50 75 100
550 X 2=1100 575 X 3 = 1725 600 X 4=2400
50 75 100
600 X 2 =1200 650 X 3=1950 700 X 4 =2800
50 75 7200
650 X 21300 725 X 3 =2175
50 7350
700X2=1400
50
750X2=1500
7500
The sum of the effective causes is 22050, which produces ~661 10s.
The partners' shares are ~225, ~175 10s., and ~226.
13. They receive ~1500, ~2000, and ~2500 respectively. 14. A has to receive
~524. 8, and B ~7207-.
XII.
1. ~1 sterling -- 25}1 francs,
117 francs = 55 florins, then I franc — 5- florin.
11 florins=13 marks, then 1 florin= 1 mark.
Hence ~1 sterling=25.- francs.
=?X li florins.
-'1 X -5 X -1 marks.
2. Here 11b. cloves 10lb. sugar; then lib. cloves=^-2lb. sugar.
171b. sugar =31b. tea, and 11b. sugar =Vl-b. tea.
Hence lib. cloves =230O x -7b. tea, and l100b. cloves=100X ~l-b. tea.
3. 1121b. pepper=112X- -X-8 X- xLlb. sugar at 5d. per pound. 4. ~180.
5. 18 oxen.
XIII.
1. 10-s. a gallon. 2. 18s. 8d. 3. 8-d. per pound. 4. 2s. per pound. 5. 92.
per cent.
XIV.
1. 3- per cent. 2. 201 per cent. 3. 311 per cent. 4. ~1388 17s. 9-d.
5. ~1658 5s. 6. ~150, ~300, and-~450 respectively. 7. ~1296 17s. 6d.
XV.
1. When ~100 is prime cost, gain is ~25, and selling price is ~125; let x be selling
price when prime cost is 9d. The selling price is 104d. per pound. 2. At 8s. 73-d.
to gain 15 per cent.: at 6s. 41d. to lose 15 per cent. 3. 116} per cent. per annum.
4. The remaining 30 yards must be sold for ~17. 5. 3cwt. 2qrs. 251b. 6oz.
13-7-drs. 6. One-eighth is equivalent to 121 per cent. If selling at 5s. 4d. per
pound gives a gain of 12. per cent., what gain per cent. does the sale at 6s. per
round? 7. 9- per cent. loss. 8. 183 per cent. gain. 9. The prime cost of ~182
sales, with loss of 9 per cent., is ~200. And 3 times this sum is ~600, which at 7 per
cent. gain gives ~42, and if the loss on the first sale is to be made good, the goods
bought for ~400 must be sold for ~478. 10. Loss of 84 per cent. 11. ~86r-. 12.
Here a capital of ~142 10s. gains ~21 3s. 11ld.; the requirement is, What does ~100
gain? 13. ~4648.