Elementary arithmetic, with brief notices of its history... by Robert Potts.

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square inch, what is the pressure in pounds on the surface of the
human body, supposing it to be 15 square feet? What would be the,difference of the pressure when the barometer stands at 29 inches?
7. A wine merchant bought 5 pipes of wine for ~138 12s., and one
pipe became damaged; at what rate per gallon must he sell the rennaining 4 pipes, so as not to be a loser by the purchase?
XVII.
1. The sum of the diameters of the sun and the earth being 894056
miles, and the diameter of the sun being 112 times that of the earth,
find the diameter of the earth.
2. Sir John W. Herschel reckoned that the length of the earth's
polar diameter is 41,707,796 feet, which is within one furlong of five
hundred and a half million inches. What is the exact difference?
3. The volume of the sun is reckoned about 1384500 times that of
the earth, and the volume of the earth 80 times that of the moon;
how many times does the volume of the sun contain that of the
moon?
4. The distance of Mercury from the sun is 5917938 French
nettres, and of Uranus 291720130; how many times lMercury's distance
is the distance of Uranus from the sun?
5. If the planet Saturn be 908,723,000 miles distant from the sun,
and the earth 91,713,000 miles, shew that Saturn is more than 9
times, but less than 10 times, the earth's distance from the sun.
6. The distance of the star a Centaurifrom the earth is reckoned
to be about nineteen billion of miles, and the distance of the sun is
about 91,713,000 miles; by how much is the star more distant than
the sun?
XVIII.
1. How many grains of gold are contained in lOlb. 1loz. 12dwts.
13grs.? Prove the truth of the result by the reverse process.
2. What is the weight of 125 bars of silver, of which there are 20,
each weighing 31b. 5oz. 7dwts. 20grs.; 67, each weighing 71b. 3oz.
15dwts. 15grs.; and each of the remaining bars weighs 41b. loz.
17dwts. l7grs.?
3. If one pound Troy weight of Standard silver be coined into 66
shillings, how much silver would be required to coin a million
shillings?
4. At the English mint 40 pounds of Standard gold are coined into
1869 sovereigns. What is the mint price per ounce Troy of Standard
gold?
5. In the purchase and sale of bullion, bars of silver from 50 to
80 pounds Troy have an allowance over of 10 pennyweights, and
ingots of gold from 15 to 20 pounds have 6 grains allowed; what are
the amounts of the allowances on the purchase of 1000 pounds of
gold, and on 1000llbs. of silver?