Elementary arithmetic, with brief notices of its history... by Robert Potts.

11
CLOTIH MEASURES.
2} inches are equal to 1 nail
4 nails,, 1 quart6r
4 quarters,, var']
The ell was used formerly as a measure; the English ell consisted
*of 5 quarters, the French ell of 6 quarters, and the Flemish ell of 3
*quarters. As cloths are made of different widths, it is not customary
to measure cloth by the number of square yards, but only by the
lengths; the widths, however, are taken into consideration in the
value of the length of a yard, as one yard of 6 quarters wide would
be double the value of a yard of 3 quarters wide of the same kind of
cloth.
MEASUR OESE OF SV OLIDS.
1728 cubic inches are equal to 1 cubic foot
27 cubic feet,, 1 cubic yard.
There are other measures employed for the measurement of different
kinds of merchandise.
A cubic foot of water is generally estimated at 1,000 ounces, which
are nearly equal to 621lbs. Avoirdupois.
IMPERIAL MEASURES OF CAPACITY.
7. The standard unit of the measure of capacity defined by the Act
for the Uniformity of Weights and Measures is the imperial gallon,
containing 10 pounds Avoirdupois of distilled water at the temperature
of 62 degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer, the barometer standing at
30 inches, and equal in capacity to 277'274 cubic inches.
The gill is defined to consist of 8*665 cubic inches. The Act
ordered the imperial gallon to be adopted in all measures instead of the;old gallon, and directed this measure to be used for dry and liquid
articles of merchandise.
4 gills are equal to 1 pint
2 pints,, 1 quart
4 quarts,, 1 gallon.
Any measure which is a multiple of the gallon is permissible by
the Act for imperial measures. The ordinary measures in use at the
time of the passing of the Act became legal if the gallon employed
was the imperial gallon.
The new imperial gallon is used for dry substances-corn,.seeds, &c.
2 gallons are equal to 1 peck
4 pecks,, 1 bushel
4 bushels,, 1 coomb
2 coombs,, 1 quarter
4 quarters,, 1 chaldron,
Different measures are employed in different trades. Corn is
generally regulated by the quarter. Coals used to be measured by the