Elementary arithmetic, with brief notices of its history... by Robert Potts.

3
local value is simply this:-One figure being placed on the left of
another, the place of the former is ten times as great as the place of
the latter. Hence it follows that the first figure on the right being
the place of units, a figure in the second place on the left of it is ten
times its value in the first place, in the third place it is ten times
that in the second place, in the fourth place it is ten times that in
the third place, in the fifth place it is ten times that in the fourth place,
and similarly for the succeeding places; so that a figure in the first,
second, third, fourth, fifth, &c.) places, denotes respectively units, tens of
units, hundreds of units, thousands of units, tens of thousands ot
units, &c. They are designated numbers of the first, second, third,
fourth, fifth, &c., orders respectively. Besides the nine significant
characters, there is a tenth character, 0, named cipher, nought, or zero,
which by itself has no numerical value, and denotes the absence of
number in any place it may occupy in the notation of numbers. By
means of these nine characters and the cipher, any number, however
large, can be distributed into sets of units, tens, hundreds, &c., each
set not exceeding nine, and can be exactly denoted by the assumed
characters in their proper places.
The next number to nine, is nine and one (for which no single
character is assumed), named ten, and is denoted by 10. And two
tens, three tens, four tens, five tens, six tens, seven tens, eight tens,
nine tens, are respectively denoted by 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90,
and named twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety.
The natural numbers after 10, which increase by units, namely,
ten and one, ten and two, ten and three, ten and four, ten and five, ten
and six, ten and seven, ten and eight, ten and nine, are denoted by
replacing 0 in 10 by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, successively, and they
become 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, respectively, and are named
eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen,
nineteen.
And in the same manner the rest of the numbers of the second
order are denoted, as 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29; and so until
the last, ninety and nine, or 99.
The next number, ninety and ten, is named one hundred, and is
denoted by 100; and two hundreds, three hundreds, four hundreds,
five hundreds, six hundreds, seven hundreds, eight hundreds, nine
hundreds, are respectively denoted by 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700,
800, 900.
The number nine hundreds and one hundred is named one thousand, and is denoted by 1000. And in a similar manner two, three,
foul, five, six, seven, eight, nine thousands, respectively, are denoted
by 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000.
And proceeding in the same manner, the successive numbers of
the higher orders in the scale of notation are named and denoted.
Thus: