The elements of non-Euclidean plane geometry and trigonometry, by H. S. Carslaw.

46 NON-EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY [CH. ImI. From AC cut off AH =AG, and draw HK perpendicular to AH on the same side as CD. Make LHAL= GAB. Then the ray AL must cut CD, and it follows that HK must cut AL. Let HK cut'AL at M. From AB cut off AN =AM, and join GN. Then the triangles HAM and GAN are congruent. Thus z AGN =a right angle. Therefore GN and GF coincide, and CF produced intersects AB. But CF was any ray in the region between CE and CD, and CD itself does not cut AB. Therefore CD is parallel to AB, in the same sense as AB is parallel to CD.* ~ 25. A third important property of parallels must also be proved: If the line (1) is parallel to the line (2) and to the line (3), the three lines being in the same plane, then the line (2) is also parallel to (3). Case I. Let the line (1) lie between (2) and (3). (Cf. Fig. 19.) A C D BL FIG. 19. Let A and B be two points upon (2) and (3), and let AB cut (1) in C.. Through A let any arbitrary line AD be drawn between AB and (2). * The proof in the text is adapted from that of Lobatschewsky in New Principles of Geometry with a Complete Theory of Parallels, ~ 96 (Engel's translation, p. 169).

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Title
The elements of non-Euclidean plane geometry and trigonometry, by H. S. Carslaw.
Author
Carslaw, H. S. (Horatio Scott), 1870-1954.
Canvas
Page 28
Publication
London,: Longmans, Green and co.,
1916.
Subject terms
Geometry, Non-Euclidean
Trigonometry

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"The elements of non-Euclidean plane geometry and trigonometry, by H. S. Carslaw." In the digital collection University of Michigan Historical Math Collection. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/abr3556.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 8, 2025.
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