The following HTML text was created from the original print version. Although care has been taken to transcribe the original correctly, errors may remain. Please refer to the PDF as the text of record for citation. If you encounter a mistranscription, please report it to the editor ([email protected].)

A Chinese emperor (whether he was in favor of Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, or a combination of two or all of them) was, ideally, responsible for "educating" (jiao 教, Ma. tacihiyan) and "civilizing" (hua 化, Ma. wen) his people such that every individual in his empire could have a disciplined and peaceful mind, and thereby the entire state could be placed in order and harmony. The Shunzhi emperor, the first Manchu monarch in China, embraced this philosophy wholeheartedly. Thus the imperially-commissioned Yuzhi quanshan yaoyan 御製勸善要言 / Han-i araha sain be hûwekiyebure oyonggo gisun (1655), a book of selected moral precepts emphasizing "retribution" (baoying 報應, Ma. karulara acaburengge), was compiled for encouraging the common people to perform good deeds, whereas the Renchen jingxin lu 人臣靜心錄 (JXL) / Han-i araha ambasai mujilen be targabure bithe (1655) was addressed to the government officials to urge them to maintain a cautious and dutiful mind:

This article is not currently available for reading in full because we have not yet received express permission from the author to make it available online. Please visit OCLC Worldcat to find a print copy. If you are the author of this article and wish to give permission for it to be made available online, please contact the editor ([email protected]).