A Sibe-English Vocabulary
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Volume 5, 2000
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This vocabulary is very much a work in progress, but since there are undoubtedly others who are interested in reading contemporary Sibe writing, I thought it would be useful to make my own notes available. Written Sibe is a continuation of the Written Manchu of the Qing dynasty. It by and large uses the same lexicon and grammar but differs from this earlier language in basically two ways: 1) in order to reflect modern life, it has been necessary to coin a large number of neologisms or to borrow terms outright from Chinese and occasionally from other languages; 2) a modest number of purely Sibe words are used, especially in popular writing. The present vocabulary is the result of reading texts chiefly of what one might call expository prose; as a result, it is weighted in favor of neologisms and modern terms but is relatively weak when it comes to native Sibe words. In the future I hope to expand the vocabulary by increasing the number of Sibe words which are not found in the standard Manchu lexica. In the meantime, I hope the present work will help those who are just beginning to explore the fascinating world of Modern Sibe writing.
This glossary should supplement the very useful Taschenwörterbuch Sibemandschurisch-Deutsch by Professor Giovanni Stary (Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1990), the most extensive Sibe dictionary in a Western language at the present time.
| abka fon i jalan jecen | The universe |
| abka sukdun | Atmosphere |
| abkai sukdun | Weather |
| acabu- | To join to; see anakū acabu- |
| acabume | (preceded by de) based on |
| acalame ara- | To co-author |
| acame šangga- | To be composed of, to make up |
| acanara | Suitable |
| acinggiyabun | Feelings, impressions |
| acushun | Harmony, peace |
| adabuha beidesi | Jury member |
| adalin | =adali |
| adališarakū | Different |
| adana- | To participate in (...de adana-) |
| adasun | Affix |
| afan | War |
| afan be dekdebu- | Start a war |
| afan dailan | War |
| afara falan | Battle field |
| aha nehui durun | Slavery |
| aharame takūrabu- | To be vassal to |
| ai dz bing nimeku | AIDS (Chin.) |
| ai jeng nimeku | Cancer (Chin.) |
| ai ji | Egypt (Chin.) |
| aisilakū | Assistant |
| aisilangga mudan | Consonant |
| aisilara- | To make use of, to employ |
| aisirila- | To use, to employ, take advantage of |
| aji mafa | Measles |
| ajige tacikū | Primary school |
| aktifu | Active (Russ.) |
| alasun | Predicate |
| alban cagan | Compulsory labor |
| albanka- | To perform an official mission |
| alban šulehen | Corveé labor |
| alban takūran | Taxes and duties |
| albasi | Clerk, service person |
| albaša- | To serve |
| albašara ba | Service desk |
| alibun | Contribution |
| alibun be alibu- | To make a contribution |
| alibun bu- | To make a contribution |
| amaga enen | Descendant |
| amba durugan | Large scale |
| amba hūdai ba | Supermarket |
| amba kūwargan | Large scale |
| amba kūwargangga | On a large scale, vast |
| amba olhon | Mainland |
| amba tuwabun | Macro- |
| ambalinggū | Large, weighty, impressive, imposing |
| ambarambu- | To expand |
| amsula- | To perish, to be sacrificed |
| amtala- | To enjoy, appreciate |
| amuran efin | Favorite game, favorite pastime |
| amuran niyalma | Amateur |
| an tacin | Custom |
| anakū acabu- | To have a key made |
| aname tuhebu- | To overthrow (a government) |
| antaha tutan | Guesthouse |
| aramtucibusu | Product(s) |
| arbusun | Image; adjective |
| arga gaman | Measures, steps |
| arga gaman tomso- | To take measures |
| argiya- | To strip away (power, authority) |
| aribun bodon | Fantasy |
| arki da | Alcohol; cf. sepirt |
| armaca- | To lag behind, to be backward |
| ashangge sunggeri | Bat (zool.) |
| aššan | (political) movement, activity |
| aššan saribu- | To launch a movement |
| aššandu- | v.i. to mobilize |
| aššandubu- | See aššandu- |
| aššangga | Dynamic |
| aššasu | Animal |
| aššasun | Verb |
| aššatun | Engine, motor |
| ayan dengjan | Candle |
| au jeo jubki | Australia (Chin.) |
| au siong ejethen gurun | Austro-Hungarian Empire |
| badara- | To develop |
| badarambungge buleku | Magnifying glass |
| badaran | Development |
| badzar | Market |
| bahanasi | Researcher |
| baibungga | Needed, necessary, useful |
| baibushin | Necessity, need, requirement |
| baitalabun | Function, use |
| baitalan | Effect, role, function |
| baitalan tuci- | To have an effect, play a role, have a function |
| oyonggo baitalan tuci- | To have an important effect, to play an important role |
| baitangga | Useful |
| bajen | Landowner |
| bakcilasun | Object (in grammar) |
| baktambu- | To contain, to tolerate |
| baktambun | Content |
| baktara kemun | Capacity |
| baliyun maksi | Ballet |
| ban | Printing block |
| bana | Territory |
| banin be šanggabu- | To develop a habit |
| banin feten | Nature, character, property, essence |
| banjibusi | Editor |
| banjiha inenggi | Birthday |
| banjiha inenggi be ara- | To celebrate a birthday |
| banjiha inenggi be urgule- | To celebrate a birthday |
| banjin | Life |
| banjin torhomilsu | Natural environment |
| banjin wen | Economy; cf. jingji |
| banjirman | Sanitation, hygiene |
| banjirman yamun | Board of Health |
| banjirsu | Living thing |
| banjirsu tacin | biology |
| banjitan | Nature |
| banjitan jecen | Natural world |
| bargiyame baha- | To receive (a letter) |
| barun aniya | Anniversary |
| baruniya | Anniversary |
| barunggi | Week |
| barunggi inenggi | Sunday |
| bata akū | Peerless |
| bayambu- | To enrich |
| bayasu | Natural resources |
| bejilehe gisun | Allusion |
| belhen | Preparation |
| bene- | To accompany |
| bengde- | To be flustered, to act hurriedly, be alarmed, be panic stricken |
| bengde bangda | In haste, hurriedly |
| beri durungge | Bow-shaped |
| bethe nenggele- | To stand on tiptoe |
| beye dasangga | Autonomous, self-governing |
| beye dursun | body |
| beye nikeneme | Personally, in person |
| beyei cihalan i | Voluntarily |
| beyengge tuwakin | Subjective (view) |
| bigan mujilen | Ambition |
| bigangga erecun | Ambition |
| bilgan | Term, time limit, deadline |
| bire- | To flood, overflow |
| bireme dosi- | To invade |
| bireme y abubu- | To promote, to spread |
| birengge ulhibun | Advertisement |
| biretei baica- | To make a general survey |
| bisan dalan | Levee, dike |
| bithei deretu | School desk |
| boconggo diyanši | Color T.V. |
| bodomin | Plan |
| bodomila- | To plan |
| bodomime ara- | To design |
| bodotun | Computer |
| boji | Contract, treaty |
| boji bithe | Treaty |
| boo tanggin | Family |
| boog'ao | Report (Chin.) |
| boolan | Report |
| borho- | To form a circle |
| boši | Ph.D. (Chin.) |
| bu | Section (of an organization) (Chin.) |
| bucetei temšendure urse | Gladiators |
| budai boo | Kitchen |
| budai kuren | Restaurant |
| buha | Canal, waterway |
| bujan hethe | Forestry |
| buleku asha- | To wear eyeglasses |
| bulukan boo | Greenhouse |
| bulukan kemun | Warmth |
| burulabu- | To defeat (in war) |
| buthašara jahūdai | Fishing boat |
| buyenin | Feeling, affection |
| caliyan | Wages |
| cawal | Bowl for drinking tea (Chin.) |
| cejere- | To skate; cf. cejere- |
| cenden | Quietly |
| cenden yabubu- | Static, stationary |
| cendere weilaran | Taxes, taxation |
| ceo ioi | Skunk (Chin.) |
| cesere- | To skate; cf. cejere- |
| cibsekendi | Quietly |
| cibsengge | Station, stationary |
| cifun šulehen | Taxes, taxation |
| cihala- | To like to do something |
| sibkire be cihala- | To like to do research |
| cike | Sentence (in grammar) |
| cikicin | Syntax |
| cing ci | Hydrogen (Chin.) |
| cio ioi | Armadillo (Chin.) |
| ciyan šui ting jahidai | Submarine (Chin.) |
| ciyanfi | Pencil (Chin.) |
| cohotoi salire | Autocratic, despotic |
| cohotoshtn | Characteristic |
| coktoshūn | n. characteristic, trait |
| coktoshūngge | adj. characteristic |
| coktoshūngge urse | Specialists |
| coktoshūngge weilen aran | Specialty (in one’s work) |
| coohai baita | Military affairs |
| coohai etuku | Military uniform |
| coohai meyen | Troops |
| cubanle- | To publish (Chin.) |
| cubanše | Publishing house, publishing company |
| cufang | Kitchen (Chin.) |
| cuku- | To become tired |
| culgan | Alliance, league |
| culgandu- | To form an alliance, hold an assembly |
| cuse arsun | Bamboo shoots |
| da beye menggun | Capital (financial) |
| da fayabun | Capital outlay, expenditure |
| da jorin | Basic goal |
| da siyoo tacikū | University |
| dacun dubengge | Acute |
| dahabun | Appendix (to a book) |
| dabali | Too, excessively |
| dahali | secondary |
| dahali hethe | Animal husbandry |
| dahali ejebun | Appendix (to a book) |
| dahashūn | Docile, tame |
| dahūbu- | To recover (something lost) |
| daifuracin | Medicine (as a field of study) |
| daifuran | Hospital |
| daifuran ba | Hospital |
| daifuran i danasi | Nurse (in a hospital) |
| daikuwan jiha | A loan (Chin.) |
| daise | Tape (audio or video) (Chin.) |
| dalasi | Leader |
| dalibun | Obstacle |
| dalikū | Shield |
| dalire boo | Pilot house (on a ship) |
| dalisi | Driver, operator |
| dambu- | To apply medicine |
| dang | Political party (Chin.) |
| dangse | Archive |
| dargala- | To retire, to resign |
| daruhai | Often |
| darun | Wharf |
| darure jiha | A loan |
| dasan | Politics |
| dasan arga | Policy |
| dasan tacihasi | Statesman |
| dasan toose | Regime, political power |
| dasan yamun | Government |
| dashalan | Revolution |
| dashalangga | Adj. revolutionary |
| dashalasi | n. revolutionary |
| datengge | Basic |
| datengge mudan | Vowel; cf. emengge mudan |
| den tukiyebu- | To raise, to elevate |
| de gurun | Germany |
| dedure boo | Bedroom |
| dekdere hsun | Buoyancy |
| dekderše- | To be excited |
| den ala | Plateau |
| den jerginnge tacikū | School of higher learning |
| den kemun | Height |
| dendeme faksala- | To analyze; cf. fensile- |
| dergi | West (in Manchu ‘east’) |
| desi wasi | Everywhere |
| deyere fila | UFO, flying saucer |
| deyere usiha | Comet |
| deyetun | Airplane |
| deyetun dalisi | Pilot |
| deyetun piyoo | Airplane ticket |
| dingne- | To subscribe (to a publication) |
| disk'o | Disco |
| disni sebjen kūwaran | Disneyland |
| diyan hūwa | Telephone (Chin.) |
| diyanhuwa ali- | To receive a phone call |
| diyanši | Television (Chin.) |
| doigomšome bodo- | To predict, forecast |
| doigonde seremše- | To prevent |
| dorgi etuku | Underwear |
| doro tacin akū | Impolite |
| dorolon i tanggin | auditorium |
| dosire hacin | Income |
| dubengge | Pointed, sharp (a pencil) |
| dubentele | Finally, at long last |
| dubesilehe | Last |
| duibule- | To compare |
| duibulen | Example |
| duin nei fongge | The Four Modernizations |
| duin niyalmai hoki | The Gang of Four |
| dukdehūn | Raised |
| dulefun | Angle, corner |
| dulembun | Experience |
| dulenun | Course, process |
| suduri dulenun i dorgide | In the course of history |
| duleyen | channel |
| dulimbai tacikū | Secondary school |
| dun | Ton (Chin.) |
| dursun feten | Physique, physical constitution |
| durugan | Diagram |
| durun | Specimen; form (in grammar); shape |
| durun kemun | System; cf. siseten |
| durungge | Typical |
| dzben jui | Capitalism (Chin.) |
| dz sing che | Bicycle (Chin.) |
| dzjin | Fund (Chin.) |
| dzsingche | See dz sing che |
| dzu | Group, small committee (Chin.) |
| dzujyhen | Organization (Chin.) |
| dzujyle- | To organize (Chin.) |
| dzungli | Premier (Chin.) |
| ebiše- | To swim, to bathe |
| ebišere boo | Bathroom |
| efisi | Actor |
| efiyenke | Evenki |
| eje ihan | ox |
| ejere hūsun | memory |
| ejethen | Imperialism |
| ejethen gurun | Empire |
| ejetule- | To commemorate |
| ekehelinggū | Wild, fierce |
| ekiyehun | Lacking, shortcoming |
| eldene- | To give off light |
| elhe nelhe | Peaceful, at ease |
| elhene- | To do something peacefully, to live in peace |
| elje- | To oppose |
| emengge mudan | Vowel; cf. datengge mudan |
| emgingge jijun | Parallel line |
| emule- | v.t. to unify |
| emulehe | United |
| emulen | Unity, unification |
| emunio | Unit |
| enculeme | Differently |
| encushūn | Special; specialty, characteristic |
| encushūn toose | Privilege |
| enggele- | To overtake, surpass |
| enggeleku | Cliff |
| Engges | Engles |
| entuhušeku | Despot, strongman |
| eralingge | This way, in this way |
| erebun | Ideal |
| erecun | Hope |
| erehunjen | Expectation, hope |
| ešen | Oblique, slanting |
| eten | victory |
| eu jeu jubki | Europe (Chin.) |
| fada | =fadu pocket |
| fafun kooli | Laws |
| fafurša- | to struggle, to fight |
| fakjin | Measure (for doing something) |
| faksi erdemu | Skill, technology, technique |
| falgaran | Square (in a town or city) |
| fali- | To unite, to rally |
| falicun | Solidarity |
| falin | Group, organization, association |
| falindu- | v.i. to unite (for action), to form a group, to associate |
| fancal | Kite (something children fly) |
| fang da jing buleku | Microscope (Chin.) |
| fangkala madagan i juwen jiha | Low interest loan |
| fangšan | Roof |
| fasis | Fascist |
| fasisy | Fascist |
| fei jeo | Africa (Chin.) |
| fei jeo jubki | Africa (Chin.) |
| fejergi mudan | The next time |
| fele | Portion, part |
| juwan felei emu fele | One tenth |
| fen | Minute (Chin.) |
| fen fi | Chalk (Chin.) |
| feng jiyan | Feudal (Chin.) |
| fensile- | To analyze (Chin.) |
| feretele | Completely |
| fergelen | Fraction |
| feten | Nature, essence |
| fetesu | Quality (as opposed to quantity) |
| fisembu- | To relate, to narrate |
| fiyelen | Chapter (in a book) |
| fiyeren | Stripe (on a tiger) |
| fiyokoro- | To speak foolishly |
| foholon julen | Short story |
| folon | Publication, magazine, periodical |
| fondo | Straight, directly |
| fonjin | Question, problem |
| forin | Blow |
| forin bu- | To strike a blow |
| forobukū | Steering wheel |
| forohon | Direction (N, S, E, W) |
| forokū | Pump |
| forgon | Dynasty |
| Cing forgon | Qing dynasty |
| fosolo- | To reflect |
| ere coktoshūn be fosolo- | Reflect this characteristic |
| fudasi dashalan | Counterrevolution |
| fudasihun coli- | To carve backwards (as in printing) |
| fudesi | Representative, delegate |
| fudesi falin | Delegation |
| fudesile- | To represent |
| fujurula- | To visit; to enquire about, to interview |
| fuka | Fish’s swim bladder |
| fukjile- | To create, to found |
| fukjilesi | Creator |
| fukjin | Beginning, origin |
| fulehengge ba | Base (of operations) |
| fulgiyan sudala | Artery |
| fulu ba | Good point, advantage |
| fumere- | To dive |
| fumeresi | Diver |
| funiye | Wool |
| funtu- | To brave (enemy fire) |
| furula- | To visit |
| fushe- | To explode |
| fushu- | To explode |
| fushubu- | To explode |
| futa ketkene- | To jump rope |
| future | Curly |
| gabsihiyan meyen | Vanguard |
| gabtasi | Archer, shooter |
| gakda bohotonggo temen | Dromedary |
| gaksi | Partner |
| galai miyoocan | Pistol |
| galai weilen hethe | Handicraft |
| galjarhan nimeku | Rabies |
| garsa | Smart, intelligent |
| gebsun | Noun |
| gebsun be bayambu- | To enrich one’s vocabulary |
| gebu algika | Famous |
| geder godor | Description of small children when they first learn to walk—unsteady |
| gelebume horoloro dasan | Terrorism |
| genggiyele- | To discover |
| genggiyeleme tucibu- | To discover |
| genggiyelen | Discovery |
| gerenusu | Society |
| gerhen mukiye- | For dusk to fall |
| gerubpa | Group (Russ.) |
| getuken šeruken | Clear |
| gidara hisun | Pressure |
| gidaša- | To oppress |
| gimsun | Marrow |
| gingne- | To weigh |
| gingneku | Scale (for weighing things) |
| giranggi fengseku | Pelvis |
| girin ba | Area, region |
| giru | Style |
| gisucin | Morphology (in linguistics) |
| gisumdan | Phonology, sounds of a language |
| gidumjan | Vocabulary, lexicon |
| gisun kooli | Grammar; cf. šuturu |
| gisuren | Words, language |
| gisuresi | Spokesman |
| gisutun | Word |
| giyan de acana- | To be reasonable |
| giyalabun | Space between, distance |
| giyalan | Room, chamber |
| gocire htsun | Gravity |
| golmin kemun | Length |
| golmin juben | Novel, romance |
| golo giranggi | Spine |
| gosihūn mangga | Arduous, difficult |
| guculen | Friendship |
| guculen holbobu- | To establish friendship |
| gungcan dang | Communist Party (Chin.) |
| gungcan jui | Communism |
| gungcan juisi | Communist (Chin.) |
| gungge alibun | Contribution |
| gungge šangga- | To succeed |
| gungge šanggan | Accomplishment, success |
| gungli | Company (Chin.) |
| guribu- | to plant, set out |
| hailan guribu- | To set out trees |
| gurun boo | Nation |
| gurun hairara hafan | Patriotic official |
| gurun siden | International |
| gurun siden baningge | Of an international nature |
| gurun siden i | International |
| guwangbo | Broadcast (Chin.) |
| guwejen | Screen |
| gūlmin | =golmin long |
| gūlmin meifengge buht | Giraffe |
| gūnigan | Opinion; significance |
| gūnin | meaning |
| gūnin be sulfa sinda- | To put one’s mind at ease |
| gūnin jorin | Significance |
| g'ada | Knot (Chin.) |
| g'angfi | Fountain pen (Chin.) |
| hacin duwali | Type, class |
| hacin duwali dende- | To classify |
| hacin meyen | Table of contents |
| hacisu | Condition (for something to happen) |
| hafurakū | Inaccessible |
| hailan | Tree |
| haksan | Golden yellow |
| hala- | To reform |
| halabu- | To be burned accidentally |
| halan | Reform |
| halan be yabubu- | To institute reforms |
| halhūn kemun | Temperature |
| hanggabu- | To be obstructed |
| hao hao seme | Majestically |
| hargasi nimeku | epidemic |
| hartungga | Subordinate, subject, belonging to |
| hasha | Scissors |
| he lan | Holland (Chin.) |
| he agūra | Nuclear weapon |
| hehebaningge | Female |
| helmefin | Movie |
| helmen daise | Videotape |
| helmešembi | To photograph |
| helmešen | photography |
| helmešesi | photographer |
| hencebu- | To collide with, bump |
| heniyesu | Microbe, microorganism |
| hergime ongkolo- | To nomadize |
| hešen ulhun | Program, guiding principle |
| hethe | Profession |
| hethe akū urse | Proletariat |
| hethešen | Management |
| hetung | Contract (Chin.) |
| hibcarabu- | To save (money), be economical |
| hiracara afan | The Cold War |
| holbobun | Relation, relationship, relevance |
| holbobun asu | Network (of relationships) |
| holbon dorolon | Wedding |
| holbosun | Conjunction (in grammar) |
| honggon | (school) bell |
| hontoho tun | Peninsula |
| hoo | Number (Chin.) |
| hooma | Number (as in a telephone number) (Chin.) |
| horgi- | To turn, to go around |
| horgikū | Joint, socket |
| horonggo ambalinggti | Great, renowned |
| hošonggo | Angular, having corners |
| huhun simeme jetere assasu | mammal |
| huwekiyembun | Prize, award |
| huwesi ašša- | To have an operation |
| hūda ara- | To be open for business |
| hūda hafuna- | To engage in trade |
| hūda hafunara darun | Trading port, treaty port |
| hūdai hethe | Commerce |
| hūdasi | Merchant, businessman |
| hūlha hūda | Smuggling |
| hūman | Art |
| hūmangga | Artistic |
| hūmasi | Artist |
| hūr hūr seme da- | To blow violently (of the wind) |
| hūsun cina | Strength |
| hūši | Nurse (Chin.) |
| hūwa siyo | Chemistry (Chin.) |
| hūwa šeng | Peanut (Chin.) |
| hūwakiya- | To dissect |
| hūwalame dasara erdemu | (medical) operation |
| hūwaliyambu- | To conciliate, to mediate |
| hūwaliyasun boji | Peace treaty |
| hūwaliyasun necin | Peace |
| hūwangli | Calendar (Chin.) |
| ibedehe | Advanced |
| ibedehe sarasungge | Advanced intellectual |
| ice donjin | News |
| ice halan | Reform |
| icekun | Dye |
| icemeleme hala- | To reform |
| icihin | Case (in grammar) |
| idali | Italy (Chin.) |
| iktabu- | To collect (material) |
| ildamungga | Elegant, graceful |
| ildungga | Convenient |
| ildungga buda | Instant noodles |
| ilekesaka | Clear, evident |
| iletule- | To express, reveal |
| iletun | Chart, table |
| ilgame gisure- | To debate |
| ilhi da | Vice-chairman |
| ilhi sibkihasi | Research assistant |
| ilibume ara- | To produce |
| iliburan | Building, engineering project, construction, structure |
| ilteku | Dysentery |
| imci- | To mend |
| indu | India (Chin.) |
| ineku | Adv. Likewise |
| inenggi ana- | To put off from to day to day |
| inenggi buda | Lunch |
| inenggi ejebun | Diary |
| ing gurun | England |
| inle- | To print (Chin.) |
| irgejengge | Democratic |
| irgenjen | democracy |
| isamjan | Collection |
| isan | Meeting, society, association |
| isan da | Chairman of a society or association |
| isan nei- | To hold a meeting |
| ishunde acala- | To correspond to one another |
| ishunde ashū- | To be mutually exclusive |
| ishunde hafunara agūra | Means of transportation |
| ishunde karcundun | Contradictory |
| ishunde sadula- | To intermarry |
| jabun | Answer, testimony |
| jadeng | Adv. Very, too |
| jafata- | To limit |
| jafatabu- | To be limited |
| jahūdai dalisi | Captain of ship |
| jahūdai meyen | Fleet |
| jai mudan | The next time |
| jai mudan jalan jecen amba afan | World War II |
| jaka jaman | Articles, goods, furniture, equipment |
| jakasu | Physical object, matter, thing, substance |
| jakasu dursun | Body, substance |
| jalafun be urgunje- | To celebrate a birthday |
| jalaktalan | Rhythm |
| jalamdan | Syllable |
| jalan i calabun | Generation gap |
| jalan jecen | World |
| jalan jecen i tuwakūn | Weltanschauung |
| jalarin | Century |
| jan | Station (Chin.) |
| jan liyo | Strategy (Chin.) |
| jang | Ten feet (Chin.) |
| jang ioi nimaha | Octopus (Chin.) |
| jaseme | Tank (kind of container) |
| je siyo | Philosophy (Chin.) |
| jeku orho | Fodder |
| jemden | Corruption |
| jemdengge | Corrupt |
| jemekungge | Humorous |
| jeng jy | Politics (Chin.) |
| jergi | Floor of a building |
| ilaci jergi | The third floor |
| jergi ilhi | Order |
| ji yali | Muscle |
| jiha bargiyara temgetu | Receipt |
| jijun | Line |
| jilgan be singnere tetun | Voice recorder |
| jilgan tucime | Aloud, out loud |
| jin dz ta subargan | Pyramid (Chin.) |
| jingji | Economy; cf. banin wen |
| jingji encushūn ba | Special Economic District |
| jingseku | Shuttlecock |
| jirgacun | Leisure |
| jise makta- | To submit an article for publication |
| jobote- | To labor, to work |
| joboten | Labor |
| jobotengge urse | Laboring people, working people |
| jobotesi | Laborer |
| joo piyan | Photograph (Chin.) |
| jorikū | Guidebook |
| jorin | Goal |
| joringga | Title (of a book or essay), theme |
| joriša- | To direct, guide |
| ju dung toose | Initiative (Chin.) |
| jubki | Continent |
| juce | Pond |
| juciba huwejuhen | (T.V.) screen |
| juguwan | Subjective (Chin.) |
| juhe cejere- | To ice-skate |
| jujangle- | To advocate (Chin.) |
| julergi danakū | Compass; cf. julergi jorikū |
| julergi jorikū | Compass (for determining direction) |
| julergi ten | South Pole |
| julerisun | Foreword (to a book) |
| julesi ibede- | To advance, to improve in quality |
| julesi jorikū | Compass (for determining direction) |
| jungg'o | China (Chin.) |
| jungg'o šehūi kesiyoyuwan | Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| jungken | Bell, hour |
| jura- | To sculpt, create a statue |
| jurgan ili- | To rise in revolt |
| jursule- | To repeat the same thing over |
| juseki | Naïve |
| jushu | =jushe vine |
| jusi | Chairman (Chin.) |
| juwan fun | Adv. Greatly, exceedingly |
| jyminjuisi | Colonialist (Chin.) |
| kabci- | To hold between |
| kaicasun | Slogan |
| kalka hecen | Fort, fortress, fortified town |
| kakta- | To impede, to obstruct, to cut off |
| kaktabun dalibun | Obstruction, impediment |
| kalisun | Membrane |
| kamcibu- | To include |
| karangga buleku | Telescope |
| karaša- | To observe |
| karcundun | Contradiction |
| karmasi | Guard |
| karmata- | To defend |
| karušan | Compensation, recompense |
| kata fata | Lively |
| katun guigu | Healthy |
| katurebun | Athletics, physical exercise |
| katurebun falan | Athletic field, playfield |
| katurebun kūwaran | Gymnasium |
| keguan | Objective (Chin.) |
| kemnebu- | To be limited, to limit |
| kemnesun | Measure word (in grammar) |
| kemuhengge | Standardized |
| kemungge | Limited |
| kengsengge | Resolute |
| ketkene- | To jump |
| kicen | Lesson, class |
| kicen ci ebu- | To get out of class |
| kicen tafa- | To attend class |
| kijimi | Sea slug |
| kiyarime soro- | To exploit |
| kiyarime wa- | To slaughter, to butcher |
| kiyat | Crisp |
| komso ton i uksura | Minority ethnic group |
| koro okto | Poison |
| koro secen | Poisonous mushroom, toadstool |
| ku- | To swell |
| kuhen | Windpipe |
| kuhen nimeku | Bronchitis |
| kumdu mujingge | Humble |
| kumdusdun | See kumdustun |
| kumdustun | Air |
| kumusi | Musician |
| kundi | Cavity, hollow |
| kurbu | Bridge |
| kuwariyang | Pretty |
| kibulin | Change, transformation |
| kūtang | Stomach |
| kūwarahan | Category; cf. kūwargan |
| kūwargan | Category, scope |
| kūwaran | (school) yard |
| k'apiyan | Card (Chin.) |
| k'otacihasi | Scientist |
| k'otacin | Science |
| k'otacin weilarasi | Scientific worker |
| k'otacingga | Scientific |
| k'otacisi | Scientist |
| laba | Speaker (radio, phonograph) (Chin.) |
| labdu kemun | Quantity |
| labdu ton | Majority |
| labdu uksurangge | Multi-ethnic |
| lading | Latin (Chin.) |
| lading hergen | Romanized script, romanization |
| lamun nirugan | Blueprint |
| largin | Complex, complicated |
| largin fargin | Complex, difficult |
| lashala- | To decide |
| lashalan | Decision |
| lashalasi | Umpire |
| lei da | Radar (Chin.) |
| leli | Extensive, vast |
| leli amba | Vast |
| leli elgiyen | Vast, great |
| leolen giyan | Theory |
| leose | Building of more than one story |
| limi | Centimeter (Chin.) |
| liule- | To walk (a horse) (Chin.) |
| liyamku | Saddle blanket; an unripe gourd |
| liyenin | Lenin |
| lo ma | Rome (Chin.) |
| lošile- | To carry out, to fulfill (Chin.) |
| luka | Fishbone |
| lun cuwan jahudai | Steamship |
| lundun | London |
| mafagurun | Fatherland, ancestral land |
| mahūla- | To disregard, neglect; to wipe out |
| makes | Marx |
| mangga sukūngge tubihe | Nut |
| manggasi | Adviser |
| manggasu | Solid (not liquid or gas) |
| manggasun | Solid (not liquid or gas) |
| manggatabu- | To make things difficult for someone |
| marks jui | Marxism |
| mederi darun | Harbor |
| mederi duleyen | Strait, channel |
| mederi tan | Beach |
| mederi tatan | Berth (for a ship) |
| mei jeo jubki | The American continents |
| meiteme ejele- | To divide and conquer |
| melebu- | To neglect, to overlook |
| menen nimeku | Paralysis |
| menggun muke | Mercury (chem.) |
| mergen ulhisu | Wisdom |
| merki- | To reminisce, to mention |
| mersengge morin | Zebra |
| mesige | Mexico |
| meyen | Group (of people) |
| meyen banjibu- | To form a group |
| micurgan | House lizard |
| mishan | Criterion |
| misuru | Brown |
| mišu | Secretary (Chin.) |
| miyalikū | Thermometer |
| miyalire kemun | System of measures |
| miyeter | Meter (the measure) (Russ.) |
| miyoori | Second (of time) |
| miyoori jorikū | Second hand on a watch |
| mo sy ke | Moscow |
| mokto hailan | A tree stump |
| moo ihan | Yak |
| mori- | To wind (a watch) |
| mudan bargiyatun | Radio |
| mudan daise | Audiotape |
| mudan singgebuku | Tape recorder |
| mudan tuci- | To pronounce |
| muherengge jahūdai | Steamboat |
| mujilen fayabu- | To devote care to, take trouble to |
| mukei aisi | Water conservancy |
| mukei aisi iliburan | Flood control project |
| mukenecin | Level (of quality) |
| mumuhu | Ball, globe |
| musioi | Alfalfa (Chin.) |
| muten | Ability, energy |
| muten sekiyen | Energy source |
| mutengge | Talented, gifted |
| mutun | material |
| mutursu | Plant (as opposed to animal, mineral) |
| nai mumuhu | The earth (as a planet) |
| namša- | To fold |
| natacin | Geography |
| ne i fongge | Adj. modern |
| necime gidaša | To commit aggression |
| necime nungnesi | Aggressor |
| neigen | Equal |
| neigen akū | Unequal |
| neigen akū boji bithe | Unequal treaty |
| neile- | To disclose, to elucidate |
| neilen | Enlightenment, inspiration |
| nekiken | Thin |
| nemu | Mine (gold, coal, etc.) |
| nemusu | Mineral |
| nendehe | Advanced |
| nere | Stove |
| neshun | Opportunity |
| neshun be nekule- | To take advantage of an opportunity |
| ni lu he bira | The Nile River (Chin.) |
| nikeneme | See beye nikeneme |
| nilukan obu- | To lubricate |
| nimekui kordo | Virus |
| nimenggi dengjan | Oil lamp |
| nimenggi talan | Oil field |
| nionioro | Small tray |
| niošuhun | =niohušun naked, bare |
| niowanggiyan sudala | Vein |
| niowanggiyasu | Chlorophyll |
| nirusi | Painter |
| niyalma anggala biretei baica- | To take a census |
| niyalmai muturu | Talent, human resources |
| niyalmasu | Mankind, humankind |
| niyaman jaka | The heart (as an organ) |
| niyame waru- | To decay, be decadent, be corrupt |
| niyanggū- | To chew |
| niyececun | Supplement |
| niyecere | Supplementary |
| niyecesun | Complement (in grammar) |
| niyehei anggai gurgu | Duckbill platypus |
| nomir | Number (Russ.) |
| nonggibun | Increase, rate of increase |
| nuka | Sharp needle (on a porcupine) |
| nungli | Lunar calendar (Chin.) |
| nushu- | To charge (in a battle) |
| omog' onggo | Humorous |
| ongkolokū | Slide (children’s toy) |
| onokcun | Riddle |
| ooropa | Europe |
| orhoi bulun | Haystack |
| orhonggo | grassy |
| orhonggo ala | Steppe, grasslands |
| orolo- | To substitute |
| orolosun | pronoun |
| oyonggolo- | To stress, emphasize |
| oyonggolome sibkire hacin | Important research project |
| pengne- | To touch, come in contact with |
| pingfang | Square (kilometers, etc.) (Chin.) |
| pipingle- | To criticize (Chin.) |
| pingle- | To evaluate, criticize (Chin.) |
| poo i muhaliyan | Cannonball |
| puto | Grape (Chin.) |
| saifa weihe | Molar |
| saila- | To improve |
| sainggi | =sain inenggi holiday |
| saligan | Value |
| sangkan | Distant |
| saniya- | To extend |
| sarasungge | Intellectual |
| saraša- | To travel |
| sargaša- | See saraša |
| sari- | =sara- to spend |
| saribu- | To open up, develop |
| sarime tucibu- | To exhibit (art, etc.) |
| sarasungge asihata | Youth belonging to the intelligentsia |
| sekiyen | Resources |
| selaburakū | Not feeling well, uncomfortable, ill |
| selbiku | Oar |
| selei jugun | Railroad |
| selei yun | Railroad tracks |
| selesu | Metal |
| selgiyeme yabubu- | To distribute (merchandise) |
| selhen ulhin | Consciousness (political) |
| sencehe gara giranggi | Jawbone |
| senggi be baicabu- | To have a blood test |
| sepirt | Alcohol (Russ.); cf. arki da |
| sere- | To discover |
| serebun | n. feeling(s) |
| seremšen | Defense, defenses |
| serhe- | To come to, to regain consciousness |
| serkin | Newspaper |
| serkin falgari | Newspaper company |
| si te le | Hitler (Chin.) |
| sibaniya | Spain |
| sibki- | To research, to do research on |
| sibkihasi | Researcher |
| sibkime fuhaša- | To do research |
| sibkime fuhašara weilaran | Research work |
| sibkire hacin | Research project |
| siden bithe | Document |
| siden holbobun | Public relations |
| sidenderepi | Indirect |
| sidengge | Common, public |
| sidu weihe | Canine tooth |
| sihan | Tube, pipe |
| siltan | Pole |
| simen | Nutrition |
| simengge | Animated |
| singgebu- | To digest |
| siowan yan | Manifesto (Chin.) |
| sirabu- | To supply |
| baitalan be sirabu- | To supply the needs |
| sirabun | Continuation |
| siranduhai | In succession |
| si sari | =sišari hemp |
| siseten | System, rule |
| sisetengge | Systematic |
| siyang jiyoo | Banana (Chin.) |
| siyang pi | Rubber (Chin.) |
| siyangpi | See siyang pi |
| so liyoo | Plastic (Chin.) |
| soldoro- | ? to slip off |
| soningga | Fresh |
| sonjo- | To elect (to office) |
| X be Y de sonjo- | To elect X to [position] Y |
| suce | Jar, bottle |
| suduri mutun | Historical material, historical data |
| suduri tušan | Historical mission |
| suduringge | Historical |
| sukdujen | Automobile, car |
| sukdujen jan | Bus station |
| sukdun dursun | Gas (as opposed to liquids and solids) |
| sula šu | Essay, prose |
| sulambu- | To liberate |
| sulambuha amala | After liberation |
| sulambushūn | Liberation |
| sulambushūn afan | War of liberation |
| sulfa i | Adv. Freely |
| sulfan | Freedom |
| sulfan cihalan | Freedom |
| sulfangga | Free |
| sulfangga cihalan | Freedom |
| suliyan | USSR (Chin.) |
| sultangga | Wise, sagacious |
| sultucin | Philosophy |
| sunja aniyai bodomin | Five year plan |
| sume gisure- | To explain |
| suwaliyata | Mixed, miscellaneous, sundry |
| suwaliyata jemengge jetere aššasu | omnivore |
| suwayan turi | Soybean |
| sy da lin | Stalin |
| sysiang | Thought (Chin.) |
| ša hoošan | Sand paper (Chin.) |
| šanggan | Success, accomplishment, achievement |
| šanggasu | Structure, component |
| šangnahan | Reward |
| šargašasi | Traveler |
| šehūi jui | Socialism (Chin.) |
| šengge | Sacred |
| šeo biyoo | Wristwatch (Chin.) |
| šericun | Threatening |
| ši dz jiya tehe | Cross (for crucifixion) (Chin.) |
| ši hūwei | Lime (the mineral) (Chin.) |
| šodo- | =šudu- to scratch |
| šolokon | Simple, brief, abridged |
| šorgime ibebu- | To promoted, to advance, to spur forward |
| šošo- | To come to an end, to conclude |
| šošofi gisureci | In general |
| šošoro- | =sosoro- to retreat |
| šošohon | Conclusion, end, result |
| šu | Essay |
| šu genggiyen | Civilization |
| šu wen | See šuwen |
| šu wen amba dashalan | The Great Cultural Revolution |
| šu human | Literature and art |
| šu fiyelen | Article (in a journal) |
| šugi | The best part, the cream |
| šulhe | Apple (not pear!) |
| šunehe ba | Abandoned (and overgrown) land |
| šunggitun | Machine |
| šurden | Cycle |
| šuturu | Grammar; cf. gisun kooli |
| šuwen | Culture |
| tacibcen | Textbook |
| tacibume hūwašabu- | To train (someone to do something) |
| tacibun hūwašabun | education |
| tacibure boo | Classroom |
| taciha urse | Scholars |
| tacihasi | Scholar |
| tacihiyan | Region |
| tacihiyan be ulara urse | Missionaries |
| tacihiyan i tanggin | Christian church (the building) |
| tacikū be tacime waji- | To graduate from school |
| tacikūi da | Principal of a school |
| tacin fonjin | Learning, scholarship |
| tacin gucu | Classmate, fellow student |
| tacisi | Student |
| taibu tura | Pillar (of society) |
| taise | Platform (Chin.) |
| tak seme | Staunchly, firmly |
| taka | Brackets, parentheses |
| taka bisire | Provisional |
| takabun | Introduction, review |
| talakū | slippers |
| talengge | Adj. square |
| talga | Area |
| talgari | Surface |
| talkiyan | Electricity |
| talkiyan aššatun | Electric motor |
| talkiyan sirge | Electric wire |
| talkiyan tatan | Electric generating plant |
| tan hūwang | Spring (on a scale) (Chin.) |
| tanda- | =tanta- to hit, to beat |
| tang sa ni ya | Tanzania (Chin.) |
| tanggūlemun | percentage |
| tangke | Tank (mil.) |
| tanse | Blanket (Chin.) |
| tarire boigon | Tenant farmer |
| tasha- | To stir-fry |
| tatan | Hotel |
| tebici | For example |
| tebu- | To contain |
| tebunen | Equipment |
| tehen | =tehe rack |
| teheren | Equality |
| teisu | (at the end of a clause) in order to |
| teksi- | To be equal, to be orderly |
| teksin | Neat, in good order, well-proportioned |
| teksile- | To put in order |
| teksin muyahūn | Complete |
| tele- | To open (the eyes) |
| temgetule- | To prove, to demonstrate |
| temgetulen | Proof, demonstration, symbol |
| temšendu- | To struggle |
| temšendun | Struggle |
| ten i | Adv. Most, -est |
| ten i cihalara | Favorite |
| ten obu- | To base on... |
| ten sain | Best |
| teng seme ili- | To stand upright |
| tengsile- | To put in order |
| teralingge | Like that, that kind of |
| terangge tuwabun | Objective (view) |
| teru | Rectum, anus |
| tesu ba i | Local, pertaining to the locality |
| tesutele | Completely |
| tešemdu- | To complete, fight together |
| tetun agūra | Equipment |
| ti ji | Volume (Chin.) |
| tile- | To put forth, to propose (Chin.) |
| tiyan siyan | Aerial (Chin.) |
| tob jurgan | Justice |
| toholon hergen | Lead type |
| tohon | Button |
| toktobu- | To reserve or book (a hotel room) |
| toktobun | Rule, regulation |
| toktoho | A certain..., considerable |
| toktoho kemun de | To a limited degree, to a certain degree |
| toktosun | Nominal modifier |
| tolaji | Tractor (Chin.) |
| tolume | =Tulum, tulum leather container |
| tomila- | To delegate, to dispatch |
| tondokon | Direct, directly |
| tondokon amaga enen | Direct descendant |
| tondokon kadalan | Direct rule |
| tonggo uli- | To thread a needle |
| tonosun | Numeral (as a part of speech) |
| torhomilsu | Surroundings, environment, situation |
| torombu- | To console |
| tsan umiyaha | Silkworm |
| tucire jaka | Product, produce |
| tucirsu | Product |
| tucirsu ton | Amount of production |
| tuhenen | Result, end of result |
| tuktan okson | Preliminary, tentative |
| tulbi- | To guess |
| tulbin | A guess |
| tulergi hafunan | Foreign affairs |
| tulfa- | To be born, to be delivered |
| turakū | waterfall |
| turara aga | Driving rain, heavy rain |
| turgusu | Element (in a process) |
| turki gurun | Turkey |
| turula- | To lead, to head |
| turulakū | leader |
| turuleme | To be in charge of, to be chief |
| turuleme banjibu- | To be chief editor |
| tusangga | Beneficial |
| tušan | Responsibility, mission |
| tušan be akūmbu- | To do one’s best, to bear one’s responsibility |
| tušan unu- | To take responsibility |
| tušan unun | Mission |
| tušanu- | To take responsibility |
| tušanuha banjibusi | Responsible editor |
| tušanun | Responsibility |
| tuttu ofi | therefore |
| tuwa be yarure sirge | Fuse |
| tuwai alin | Volcano |
| tuwai sejen | Train, locomotive |
| tuwakūn | View, opinion, stance |
| tuyembu- | To show, to display, to reveal |
| tuyembun | Attitude; appearance |
| tuwame tuhere- | To be worth watching |
| ubaliyambusi | Translator, interpreter |
| ucan jiyeji | Proletariat (Chin.) |
| ucaran | Encounter, meeting |
| uhe sucungga i onggolo | Before the common era, B.C. |
| uhengge | Common |
| uhengge banin feten | Common property |
| uheri lehe | Composite, comprehensive, synthetic |
| ujen kemun | Weight |
| ujen nimecuke | Serious, having serious consequences |
| ujirtan | Animal husbandry |
| ujisu | Nutrient |
| uju gala i | First-hand |
| uju hashalara ba | Barbershop |
| ujude | Adv. In the first place |
| ujui ban | First edition (of a book) |
| uksilebu- | To arm (troops) |
| ulabuha ejebun | Biography |
| ulhibun | Announcement, bulletin, notice |
| uluku | ? breast |
| umesile- | To carry out, put into effect |
| umhan efen | Cake |
| umursu | Having a single layer |
| untuhun | Sky, space |
| untuhun susu | Desolate, desolation |
| unun | Burden |
| urgun ara- | To celebrate |
| urui | Regularly, often |
| uruše- | To approve, to consider correct |
| uksura | Ethnic group, nationality |
| ulhin | Understanding |
| ulin hethe | Property |
| umpu- | To bury (=umbu-) |
| unu- | To bear (responsibility) |
| urahila- | To influence |
| urahin | Influence |
| urahin be ali- | To be influenced |
| uranda- | To ring |
| urebusu | Exercise (in a book or grammar) |
| ureshūn | Familiar, practiced |
| urgule- | To celebrate |
| urilehe gebu | Common or general name |
| urkin | Momentum |
| ursu | Class (in a society) |
| usihai aligan | Constellation |
| usin irgen | Peasant |
| usin hethe | Agriculture; cf. usirtan |
| usin tokso | Rural village, farm village |
| usin tucirsu | Agricultural production |
| usirtan | Agriculture, animal husbandry; cf. usin hethe |
| usiyan diyan | Radio (Chin.) |
| uruše- | To approve of, agree with |
| uyan dursun | Liquid |
| uyasun | Liquid |
| wa su | Flavor |
| waikū daikū | Crooked |
| wahūn sukdun | Methane |
| wang ni gurun | Kingdom |
| wangga mutun | Seasoning (for food) |
| wara gala | Killer, murderer |
| wargi | East (in Manchu ‘west’) |
| wei yuwan hūi | Committee (Chin.) |
| weilaran | Work; cf. weilen aran |
| weile- | To labor, to work |
| weilen aran | Work; cf. weilaran |
| weilen iliburan | Construction or engineering project |
| weilertan | Industry |
| weilesi | Worker |
| weilesi urse | Working people, working class |
| weitamin | Vitamin (Eng. Via Chin.) |
| wembuhe jakasu | Chemical compound |
| weme dosi- | To become assimilated, to assimilate |
| wenje- | To have a fever |
| wenjehun ba | Downtown, the entertainment area of a town |
| weren | (radio) wave |
| werime tutabu- | To retain, to preserve |
| wesihun mukūn | Aristocrat, aristocracy |
| x-elden | x-ray |
| ya jeo | (Asia) (Chin.) |
| yacik | Reaction |
| yafasi | Gardener |
| yagese | How much? |
| yali jetere aššasu | Carnivore |
| yanglu | Stove (Chin.) |
| yapian | Opium (Chin.) |
| yapiyan tuwelesi | Dope dealer, opium peddler |
| yargiyalan | Practice (as opposed to theory) |
| yargiyashūn | Practice (as opposed to theory), practical experience; reality, fact |
| yarhūda- | To lead |
| yarhūdara fejile | Under the leadership of... |
| yaru- | To quote |
| yarure gisun | Quotation |
| yarusi | Leader |
| yarusun | Introduction (to a book) |
| yayemu | Every |
| yende- | To flourish |
| yendeme badara- | v.i. to develop |
| yoci | A (complete) set |
| yohi | Completely |
| yongkiyan | Complete |
| yungtule- | To iron (clothes) |
| žiben | Japan |
