The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803; explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the Catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commericial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the beginning of the nineteenth century; [Vol. 1, no. 55]

Ships] INDEX 869
Nautical instruments, 2, 85; id. not used by Fil., 45, 291; astrolabe, 9, 300 -302; compass, 2, 63, 3, 139, 4, 55 (Chin.), 6, 124, 31, 105, 33, 93, II7, 326,
327, 45, 29I; log, 33, 3x9. Charts, 2, 37, x8, 326, 31, o10, 34, 18, 212 (see also
Maps); chapas, 15, 264, 18, 229, 230, 23, 193, 29, 39 (see also Passports).
Jap. ignorant of, 15, 251, 252, x6, 279, x8, 295; Fil. skilful in, x6, 83, 84, 113,
x8, 299, 29, 295; Chin. ignorant of, 22, 175, 24, 141; Dutch well equipped for,
42, 302.
Convoys for vessels, 3, 301, 22, i8, 187, i88, 194, I96, 214, 218, 231, 263, 23,
97, 27, 173, 29, 145, 35, i8, 237, 246, 247, 274, 37, I6x, 44, 298, 47, 75; vessels
towed, 4, 258, I6, 109, 311, 27, 260, 31, 79, 49, 58; galleys useless and unsuited
for Orient, 7, 14, 125, 10, 213, II, 265; advantages of Chin. and Jap. vessels,
14, 57; vireys can cross bar at Manila, x6, o09; advantages of galleys and galliots, 19, 260-264, 20, 150; warships not adapted to navigation, 24, 184; native
vessels outsailed, 33, I8; native and Chin. used by Span., 3, I83, 4, 38, 2x6, 256,
258, 261, 280, 281, 9, 28I, 282.
Navigators, I, 14, 22, i8o, 227, 14, 273, 15, 306, 23, 123, 24, 185, 39, 241,
44, 96 (see also the various navigators; Exped.; and above, Sailors, etc.); discoveries and explorations, I, 22, 148, I8o,, 8, 95, 10, 48, 49, 14, I82, 184, 15,
12, 42, 47, 56, 33, 69, 73, 75, 299, 308, 312-314, 34, 17, i8, 205, 207, 2o8,
39, 131 (see also Exped.); circumnavigations, I, 263, 336, 337, 2, 36, 40, 4, 146,
6, 89, 143, 153, 15, 306, 30, 35, 34, 164.
Difficulties, dangers, and hardships in, I, 21, 22, 65, 201, 3, 59, 193, 225, 14,
58, 317, 15, 44, 251, 252, x6, 64, 202, 17, 263, 267, I8, 92, II6, 321, 19, 76, 93,
164, 211, 260, 263, 20, 95, xo6, 21, 226, 267, 22, 189, 190, 23, 32, 6I, 175, 176,
197, 24, 30, 53, 98, I66, 285, 303, 26, 281, 29, 8o, 142, 3o1, 311, 31, 39, 78, ioz,
105, o19, 32, 93, io8, 109, 158, 266, 270, 34, 191, 395, 36, 69, 89, 37, 142-144,
39, 97, 41, 39, 115, 138, 42, 122, I63, 169, 191, 44, 47, 8o-82, 45, 73, 47, 291,
48, 334; aids to, 4, 21, 22, I8, 99, 24, 137, 242, 29, 309; easy, 6, 137, 138; seasons for, 3, I3I, 6, 69, 15, 174, 16, 183-I86, 200, 19, 29, 33, 34, 31, Ioo, 37,
90, 177, 187, 42, 199, 46, 51; length and duration of voyages, I, 65, 2, 231, 6,
138, 142, 143, 153, 297, 305, 14, 143, 15, 253, 263, 280, 285, 16, 178, 201, 202,
206, 209, I8, 247, 19, 25, 29, 32, 33, 2I, II8, 185, 22, 62, 93, 24, 58, 147, i6o,
x6x, x66, 25, 14, 26, 281, 29, 41, 309, 30, 33, 8o, 129, 311, 312, 31, 105, 135,
219, 32, 269, 270, 34, 17, 147, 197, 35, 53, 36, 189, 190, 37, 122, 134, 285, 39,
127, 41, 93, 210, 48, 265; gain or loss of time in, 17, 125, 126, 34, 143, 38, 62;
expenses, I, 65, 6, 302, 8, 239, 240, 9, 88-90, 25, 117, 28, 69.
Along various routes and in various localities - on unknown seas, I, 32X; on
Pacific Ocean or South Sea, 2, 86, 89, o02, 105, io6, 26i, 6, 137, 16, 209, 24,
z6, I66; on northern seas, 6, 289, 295; extent of, claimed by Port., 2, 273, 274;
Eng purpose to follow course of Port., 7, 82; in Span. demarcation, 16, 69, 70;
betw. Spain and N. Espafia, 19, I6, 21, xI8, 29, 311, 31, 135, 37, 285; betw.
Acapulco and Peru, 20, 219, 30, 8o; via Str. of Magellan, 15, 43, 328-331, x6,
65, 25, 25; via Cape Horn, 18, 22, 280, 28I, 48, 211, 335; betw. Europe and
Orient, I, 67, 6, x6, 17, 22, 78, 85, 88, 134, 137, 142, 143, 152, 206, 207, 209, 2I0,
297, 9, 308-311, 313, IS, 43-45, 62, 63, 255, 285, 311, 317, I6, 206, 17, I9, 309,
18, 89, 19, Io, i6, 29, 30, 32, 33, 21, 184, 185, 22, 74, 172, 29, 151, 34, I7, I97,
397, 398, 36, 1I2, 39, 50-53, 127, 42, 292, 44, 223, 45, 267, 46, 308, 47, 230,
266, 267, 283, 48, 333, 334, 337; via C. of Good Hope, 2, 260, 15, 300, 307, 308,
310, 16, 229, I8, 22, 280, 28I, 19, IO, 29, 32, 292, 25, 25, 34, 394, 42, 240, 47,
17, 282, 48, 28, 211, 232, 267-278, 330, 333; via India (Goa), 15, 315, i6, 64, 69,