The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803; explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the Catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commericial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the beginning of the nineteenth century; [Vol. 1, no. 51]

5o

THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

[Vol. 51

nicipal funds, and regulating, for the future, expenditures of this sort.) A royal decree of June
8, 1826, ordained that the secularization of parish
curacies should cease, and that those ministries
should be restored to the religious orders, which
was accordingly done. On September 15 of that
year Fray Hilari6n Diez, an Augustinian, took possession of the archbishopric of Manila, replacing
Zulaibar, who had died on March 4, I824. In June
a circular letter was sent by Ricafort to the provincial governors, reminding them of the law (art. 26
of the "Ordinances of good government") which
forbade them to hinder in any way the trade in the
products of the provinces, whether by Spaniards,
natives, or mestizos, and whether in kind or with
money, ordering them to permit trade freely everywhere, without any delays or exactions against those
doing business. In I827 Ricafort sent an expedition against Jo16, which was kept off by the valor
of the Joloans; but the Spaniards burned and ravaged the settlements on the shores of Illana Bay,
doing the Moros much damage. In that same year
the Spanish government reestablished the naval bureau at Manila, independent of the captain-general,
and Pascual Enrile was appointed as its chief; he
proceeded to reorganize all branches of the service, including that intended to serve against the
pirates, whom he was able to restrain to a great extent; and he constructed several cruisers and other
vessels, one of which remained in active service for
forty years. He established the jurisdiction of the
bureau throughout the archipelago, creating portcaptains for Iloilo, Capiz, Cebu, and Pangasinan.
Ever since the insurrection of 1744 in Bohol, caused