The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803; explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the Catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commericial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the beginning of the nineteenth century; [Vol. 1, no. 51]

46

THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

[Vol. 51

compensation, the creation of the nautical academy
was an excellent idea, for its practical results are of
great value." " In 1821 appeared the second periodical which was published in the country, entitled El
Noticiero Filipino;' [i.e., "The Philippine Intelligencer "]; and in the same year were published two
others, El Ramillete Patriotico [" The Patriotic
Bouquet" ] and La Filantropia [ " Philanthropy" ].
The life of all was of short duration."
Folgueras was replaced by a proprietary governor,
Juan Antonio Martinez, who began to exercise that
office on October 30, 1822. He brought with him
many military officers from the Peninsula, " a measure counseled by Folgueras, in view of the deficiency
of officers in the regiments of Filipinas, and the little
confidence which they inspired; and this was the
cause or pretext which he advanced to the court to
exculpate himself for not having adopted more energetic measures when the melancholy assassinations
were committed by the Indians among the foreigners
in 1820. The body of officers in the army of Filipinas was almost entirely composed of American
14 Our author gives the name of this periodical incorrectly; it
should be El Noticioso Filipino -see Retana's Periodismo filipino, appendix ii (pp. 561, 562). It was apparently begun on
July 29, I821; it was issued on Sundays. Its publication ceased
before November i of that year. This information was furnished
to Retana by Pardo de Tavera; he also supplied accurate data
for La Filantropia (pp. 561-563), which began on September I,
1821; it seems to have ceased publication in I822. El Ramillete
Patriotico is known only by an allusion in one of the numbers of
Filantropia, which speaks of the former as having been " silenced "
(presumably by the authorities). Pedro Torres y Lanzas gives
(p. 565) a description of Nos. 27-37 (March i6-May 25, 1822)
of Filantropia.