The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803; explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the Catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commericial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the beginning of the nineteenth century; [Vol. 1, no. 44]

I4

THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

[Vol. 44

more than 40,000 persons confessing their sins, and
a great reformation being made in the morals of the
people. Another wave of religious enthusiasm
occurs in the following year, under the direction of
the Jesuits. In 1654 the cornerstone of the new
cathedral building is laid. The spiritual interests of
Ternate and Siao are placed in the care of the
Jesuits, who gain many souls in both these fields. In
1662 a new mission band arrives at Manila, and
some of the Jesuits go out into the ranches and mountain hamlets near Manila; among these, the noted
Father Sanvitores baptizes 24,000 heathens in seven
days, and prepares many others for baptism. The
Pardo controversy leads to so many difficulties between the ecclesiastical authorities and the religious
orders that they offer to the king their resignation of
the ministries held by them in the islands; but he
refuses to allow the Jesuits to do this, and even
restores to them two parishes of which they had been
deprived. Our author relates in detail the methods
practiced by the Jesuits in administering their parishes, and the devotions and pious exercises that are
practiced by the faithful. Finally, the history of the
parish of San Matheo, and that of the house of
Indian "beatas" in Manila, are presented.
A brief summary of events in the years 1701-15 is
presented, condensed from the diffuse account of
Concepci6n. Governor Zabalburu, the successor of
Cruzat, constructs various important public works.
In the Tournon affair (1704), the governor and
archbishop show undue laxity in allowing Tournon
to interfere in their jurisdiction and infringe on the
royal prerogatives; for this and other causes they are
removed from their offices. In I709 Conde de