Under Hawaiian skies, a narrative of the romance, adventure and history of the Hawaiian Islands, a complete historical account, by Albert Pierce Taylor.

60

UNDE R HAWAIIAN SKIES

For clothing they beat out the inner bark of the paper mulberry and of some other trees, until it resembled thick flexible
paper, when it was called kapa or tapa. For insignia of rank
they made splendid feather cloaks and feather helmets which were
worn only by the chiefs. For lights they used the oily nuts of
the kukui or candlenut tree.
Their food was cooked by steaming it in an imu, or undergrotund oven with heated stones. Fire was produced by friction,
biy rullbling a hardl-lointed stick in a groove made in a piece of
softer wood until the little heap of powder collected at the end
of tle groove took fire.
Keawe-kuikekaai was a great chieftain of Hawaii. The temple
of refuge at lloonaunau, district of Kona, on the western coast
of HIlawaii, is said to have lbeen l)uilt by him during a period of
civil war on Hawaii, the chiefs of Kona fighting against the chiefs
of Ililo and Kau, alout 400 years ago. Others say it was built
(luring thle timle of KeLawe-i-ke-ka-lli-alii-o-ka-mioku, who was thle
grali(lfather of Kalaniopuu, about a hundred years later, the king
who]) Ilet Capl)ain Co(ok. Keawe was a chief to wlhom all other
chiefs wer-e obedient.
T'lhe places of refuoe of the ancient day were sanctuaries. Persons liable to (leath, or fugitives, coul(l take refuge within these
telnples or enclosures and were granted the right to live, at least,
until tlley were given trial. In the time of Kamehameha I such
tenlllles were discontinued, but lhe estal)lished refuge places on
various islands. As collqueror he was the supreme being in the
island(. The templles in the past were for tlose of a rival chieftain
who mlighlt seek sanctuary ill tlle temple of an opl)osing clan.
Tile ruins of the tenl)le of refuge at Iloolaunau are I)reserved
and llhave been restored to some extent by the Bishop Museum,
sllhowing tile ilimmense blocks of stone the buillers used for tlhe
walls. Its stone wall had( tle nature of a war tetplle. It had a
cornered shape, two siCdes beilg bulilt of stone rwhich were between
Honaunau alnd Keanolalii. O)n tile side toward the sea was 1lerelv
tlhe rocky coast. There were two teemples within the enclosure,
one situated on tlle nortlhwest corner calletd tHale-o-Keawe (House