The Philippine journal of science. [Vol. 67, no. 1]

67, 2

Books

235

ness the advantages and disadvantages of budgrafting, the improved clones of Para rubber and the subsequent care of same,
the high-yielding clones of which are now revolutionizing the
rubber industry in Java, Sumatra, and Malaya. A list is given
of clones that are suitable for planting in certain sections in
Malaya. The author claims that the production of seeds by
crossing is inadvisable on a commercial scale, due to the disappointment experienced by the planters in planting clonal seeds.
Section 7 discusses at length the tapping systems in vogue
in Malaya, and the advantages and disadvantages of each on
young as well as on old Para rubber trees. In Section 8 the
names of the different pests and diseases attacking Para rubber
are listed, including pointers on how to identify them in the
field, together with the necessary control measures. In Section
12 the manufacturing of raw rubber, including the descriptions
of smoke houses, the production of standard smoked sheets and
crepe and spray rubber; and the preservation and testing of
latex for export purposes are clearly outlined in detail.
Part 2 embraces some notes on estate sanitation for planters
and laborers, such as housing, the collection of waste, water
supply, sewage disposal and purification, and the prevention of
some diseases. This part of the manual includes also the first-aid
measures necessary for snake and dog bites; labor conditions
and laws; organization of cooperative societies; estate records;
road making, construction of buildings; use of concrete, survey
instruments, and equipment; and weights and measures and their
equivalents, which are all essential in farm practice.
The manual would certainly be useful as a guide not only for
the rubber growers or those contemplating to engage in this
industry but also for the planters of other crops.-F. G. G.
Butter and Oleomargarine: An Analysis of Competing Commodities. By
W. R. Pabst. New York, Columbia University Press, 1937. 112 pp.
Price, $1.50.
The purpose of this book according to the author is to investigate the interrelationships of butter and oleomargarine "in the
light of recent theoretical work and through the application of
modern statistical technique."
The competition between butter and oleomargarine dates back
to 1870, when an oleomargarine factory established in Paris
started the commercial production of oleomargarine. The dairy
industry, especially the production of butter, is being continually
threatened by the competition of artificial butter made from