The Philippine journal of science. [Vol. 57, no. 1]

82

The Philippine Journal of Science

1935

to place them in subgeneric groups, a first noteworthy effort
toward which was made by Edwards in 1931.2
The key that is provided is tentative only and of necessity
has been based in part on male and female sexual characters.
In defining the subgeneric groups and recording the range of
characters in each, particular stress has been devoted to the
subgenotype of the various groups, virtually all of which have
been available for study. The species have been distributed into
what seem to be their proper subgenera, but authentic specimens
of a considerable number of species have not been available to
me and the assignment of such forms is entirely provisional.
There remain further various species that are so aberrant in
their characters that it seems inadvisable at this time to attempt
to place them definitely in subgeneric groups, and these forms
are recorded in a separate list.
A vast amount of work remains to be done upon this genus
in eastern Asia, and the present attempt must be held as being
merely preliminary. Despite the high percentage of species in
this faunal area as compared with the remainder of the World,
it seems probable that this will not be materially lowered following the continued discovery of new forms. The Himalayan
region, Tibet and western China, together with the mountains of
Indo-China and the Malayan islands, all appear to support a
rich fauna in this group, only poorly known at the present time.
It seems improbable to me that the discovery of novelties in this
genus in Europe, Africa, North America, and South America
will much more than keep pace with their continued development in eastern Asia. It should be further emphasized that
New Zealand and the Polynesian islands have no species of
Tipula and that to this date only two species (Indotipula) have
been taken in Australia, which are included in this report in
order to complete the data.
The species are recorded in this paper under three geographic
units, defined as follows:
1. Pal&3arctic Eastern Asia.-Eastern Siberia; Manchukuo;
Korea; Japan; Formosa; eastern China, south to 30~ north
latitude.
2. Palearctic Central Asia.-Central and Arctic Siberia; Mongolia; Sinkiang; western China, including Kansu, Szechwan,

2Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. X 8 (1931) 73-82.