The laws of the first Philippine Republic (the laws of Malolos) 1898-1899. / Compiled & edited by Sulpicio Guevara.

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TIHE LAWS OF TIlE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

Art. 21. The exercise of the rights provided for in the preceding
article shall be subject to general provisions regulating the same.
Art. 22. Crimes committed on the occasion of the exercise of
rights provided for in this title, shall be punished by the courts in
accordance with the laws.
Art. 23. Any Filipino may establish and maintain institutions
of learning, in accordance with the laws authorizing them.
Public education shall be free and obligatory in all schools of the
nation.
Art. 24. Foreigners may freely reside in Philippine territory, subject to legal dispositions regulating the matter; may engage in any
occupation or profession for the exercise of which no special license
is required by law to be issued by the national authorities.
Art. 25. No Filipino who is in full enjoyment of his political and
civil rights shall be impeded in his right to travel freely abroad or in
his right to transfer his residence or possessions to another country,
except as to his obligations to contribute to military service or the
maintenance of public taxes.
Art. 26. No foreigner who has not been naturalized may exercise
in the Philippines any office which carries with it any authority or
jurisdictional powers.
Art. 27. All Filipinos are obliged to defend his country with arms
when called upon by law, and to contribute to the expenses of the
State in proportion to his means.
Art. 28. The enumeration of the rights provided for in this title
does not imply the denial of other rights not expressly mentioned.
Art. 29. The prior authorization to prosecute a public official
in the ordinary courts is not necessary, whatever may be the crime
committed.
A superior order shall not exempt a public official from liability
in the cases which constitute apparent and clear violations of constitutional precepts. In others, the agents of the law shall only be exempted if they did not exercise the authority.
Art. 30. The guaranties provided for in articles 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11
and paragraphs 1 and 2 of Art. 20 shall not be suspended, partially
or wholly, in any part of the Republic, except temporarily and by authority of law, when the security of the State in extraordinary circumstances so demands.
When promulgated in any territory where the suspension applies,
there shall be a special law which shall govern during the period of the
suspension, according to the circumstances prevailing.
The law of suspension as well as the special law to govern shall be
approved by the National Assembly, and in case the latter is in recess,
the Government shall have the power to decree the same jointly with