A survey of the educational system of the Philippine islands by the Board of educational survey, created under acts 3162 and 3196 of the Philippine Legislature.

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546 EDUCATIONAL SURVEY OF THE PHILIPPINES
time to time why he has not visited personally more schools in his
division.
In the field work the division superintendent must take the responsibility for administering the examinations sent out by the central office,
for seeing that the papers are graded and the results sent to headquarters. In the last few years the difficulties connected with examinations have entailed much more work on concientious division superin-
tendents. When questions become known they have to make out new
questions or mimeograph the questions in different order, and so on.
3. FINANCE.-The work in finance occupies a large share of the
division superintendent's attention. It has two main phases: first, he
must allot the insular funds, the distribution of which within a province
is left to him. If he is willing to take the responsibility for the distribution of these funds he has an opportunity to do good which few administrators in the States have. Many school superintendents find so many
difficulties, so many outside pressures for particular applications of these
funds that they wish the distribution in the province to be put on a
more automatic basis and taken out of the superintendent's hands.
Second, the division superintendent must take the responsibility for
raising local revenues for schools. In this he is helped considerably by
the supervising teachers. This work includes helping the municipalities
to make out their budgets. This must be done in November or December in order that the councils may finally adopt the budget as early as
possible the next year. Since most of these councils have their meetings
very close together, the division superintendent cannot attend all of them,
so that he must rely on the supervising teachers to represent him. There
is much work in connection with voluntary contributions, which are often
held back with the idea that more aid may later be secured from the
Insular Government. Or there may be a tendency to give voluntary
contributions sufficient to run a part of the year only. The wise superintendent will not allow a school to open unless he has funds assured for
the whole year. Thus he may have to insist on the municipalities
making out two budgets, with double the work for him. In the last
few years the over-extension of schools and the cutting down of the
insular aid given under the Thirty-million-peso Act have greatly increased
the burdens of the division superintendents in relation to finance. There
have been deficits sometimes so great that superintendents have been
transferred in order that a new man coming in might check up and get
the finances on a sound basis.
In all of this financial work a superintendent's success depends largely
upon his personal contact and effectiveness with the provincial and
municipal officials.