A survey of the educational system of the Philippine islands by the Board of educational survey, created under acts 3162 and 3196 of the Philippine Legislature.

30 EDUCATIONAL SURVEY OF THE PHILIPPINES

collected show that far more high-school graduates now go into teaching than into any other single vocation. The number of applicants for
admission to the normal schools would be large enough to make rigid
selection possible. Through the use of tests, of past school record, and of
character testimonials from competent persons, the better students should
be selected for admission.
The four-year curriculum offered in the normal schools should be
strictly professional. Such a curriculum includes observation, participation and practice teaching as a central feature of the work of each of
the four years. Adequate facilities for carrying on this fundamental
phase of the normal school are indispensable. To carry out this program the teachers in the normal school should be selected for the particular work which each is to do. As the most effective way in which to use
American teachers, they should be concentrated in the normal schools.
This policy should be a controlling factor in their selection. In such
an institution with a predominantly American teaching staff, and with
an enrollment of approximately 500 students, the annual cost per pupil
would be about P175. To supply the number of new teachers needed
in the elementary schools of the Philippines each year, not less than
thirty normal schools of this type are required.
One insular normal school, seven provincial normal schools, and
fourteen normal-school sections of high schools are now in operation.
These last should be separated administratively from the general high
schools of which they are now a part. To complete the number of
normal schools the necessary number of high schools should be converted into normal schools. Those schools which are now actually
serving as teacher-training institutions as shown by the number of their
graduates who go into teaching should be selected. The schools at
Masbate, Malolos, and Baguio which are strategically located, are
suggested as schools of which this is true. To insure that the program
of teacher training shall receive its proper share of administrative attention, there should be in the Central Bureau a person whose training,
experience, and intimate knowledge of recent development in the field of
teacher training are such that he can carry through the proposed plan.
TRAINING OF TEACHERS IN SERVICE..-The purpose of training
teachers in service is to save to the schools the able but untrained person
now teaching and to keep well-trained teachers professionally alive and
growing. For the present the first must necessarily be emphasized in
the Philippines. The importance of the second will increase as the
number of trained teachers increases. Effective means for carrying on
this work are now in use, some in one division, some in another. Intensification of these efforts, and the general use of those which prove
their effectiveness anywhere in the system are needed. In addition,