A survey of the educational system of the Philippine islands by the Board of educational survey, created under acts 3162 and 3196 of the Philippine Legislature.

TEACHER TRAINING

445

school authorities. The latter should provide directions covering the
work which teachers should try to accomplish in order to prepare for
examinations in specific courses.
3. Teachers who can present evidence of successful teaching experience should be allowed to undertake to satisfy a part of the observation, participation and practice requirements by teaching a series
of demonstration lessons under the observation of normal-school
authorities.
4. For persons with full high-school or partial high-school education
to their credit, the eight weeks summer courses may be allowed to
give more credit than that based upon the time spent on the courses.
That is, an eight weeks course in reading methods for high-school
graduates if certain standards of attainment were shown in the course,
might conceivably give credit for the full 20 weeks course of the
regular year. Admission to such courses might be conditioned by the
candidate's giving evidence of having read certain prescribed books
in preparation. Such courses should be open only to experienced
teachers. To make sure that they shall not become short-cut roads by
which persons not yet in the service can evade the established requirements, all of the means outlined must be safeguarded. The privileges
of attendance at summer courses and of taking the examinations outlined,
should probably be limited to persons in the service when the new
standards are established.
5. Leave of absence without pay should be granted freely to teachers
who wish to take a full year or full years of additional training.
The assurance of reappointment to the position left, or to one equally
good, would encourage some teachers to take additional training who,
if no position were assured them at the end of the time they stayed
in school, might hesitate to do so.
If all of these opportunities are offered, it seems not impracticable
to require that teachers not normal-school graduates, in service at the
time the new qualifications for appointment are established should meet
certain definite requirements at successive dates. At the end of four
years they should have earned not less than nine semester hours of normal-school credit; by the end of four years more, not less than nine
semester hours of additional credit, and by the end of another four years
period, not less than twelve more. Fourteen years is so well beyond
the average tenure that the larger number of the persons in service
at the time the provision went into effect may be assumed to have
dropped out and that those who had stayed so long a time may be
assumed to have found it possible to complete a full training course.
Fourteen years beyond the time of the inauguration of this arrangement
might safely be established as the time after which none but normal