A survey of the educational system of the Philippine islands by the Board of educational survey, created under acts 3162 and 3196 of the Philippine Legislature.

440 EDUCATIONAL SURVEY OF THE PHILIPPINES

teacher training presents the outstanding immediate need of the system
and that it should be generously supported.
In calculating the increased appropriation which this policy calls for
the following items represent the amount already being spent which is
covered by the proposed program:
1. The amount at present being spent on normal schools and normal sections
of high schools approximately............................' 400,000
2. The fraction of what is being now spent in general high schools which,
because high-school students are so generally going into teaching, is
properly chargeable to teacher training. This sum arrived at by multiplying the per-student cost of high-school instruction by the difference
between present and contemplated enrollment in normal schools..........-... 350,000
3. The cost of giving elementary education to the number of pupils who will
be cared for in the normal-school practice and observation schools....... 240,000
Total..-.. —................ --- —--—.. --- —--—... ----..- 990,000
The Survey Commission is of the unanimous opinion that the increased expenditure of approximately P1,625,000 involved in the program outlined should take precedence over any and every other
contemplated increase; that if no increase of total expenditure for education is feasible, other expenditures, notably that for general secondary
education, should be decreased in order that this increase be made possible; and that every effort should be made to put the new type of
normal schools into operation at the earliest date possible. For the sake
of students now enrolled in the normal schools and those who will
transfer from the general high-school course to meet the new requirements, there must be allowed three years in which to adjust the present
program to that proposed. At the end of this time it should be possible
to carry out the new course completely.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF NORMAL SCHOOLS.-The number and location of normal schools should be determined by needs and not by accidents of provincial divisions. As has already been indicated, not
less than thirty schools with a student capacity of approximately 500
each are needed. The normal schools should be continued in their
present location. This statement includes also the normal-school sections of high schools, which should be separated administratively from
the general high-school departments. An exception may possibly be
advisable in the case of Pangasinan. The normal school in Bayambang might be made to serve the Province of Pangasinan and the
part of adjacent provinces for which it is a natural center. This would
relieve the tremendous student population congestion in Lingayen and
would make a maximum use of the school plant and the convenientlylocated practice school that already exist in Bayambang.
To increase the number of normal schools to thirty, the necessary
number of high schools should be transformed into normal schools.