A survey of the educational system of the Philippine islands by the Board of educational survey, created under acts 3162 and 3196 of the Philippine Legislature.

438 EDUCATIONAL SURVEY OF THE PHILIPPINES

which bears the cost of teacher training and the entity responsible for
support of elementary education should be easily feasible If the normal
school in Manila cares for 500 elementary-school children, the City of
Manila should contribute to the support of the school 500 times the
average pupil cost of pupils enrolled in the city schools.
To make a detailed estimate in the present report of probable cost of
the sort of normal school necessary to give the training outlined would
be unwise. To say: "So many teachers at such salaries" might prejudice the situation to the disadvantage of administrators who must employ teachers to fill specific posts. The cost, with the staff of the
schools made up very largely of Americans trained in the best American
normal schools with four-year curricula above high-school graduation,
or in two-year normal-school curricula on that level and two years
of university or college in addition, can be brought within PI175 a
student a year.
This estimate assumes a staff made up of a director trained in the
best American practice, and an equally well-trained director of observation and practice teaching; ten American and three Filipino academic
teachers; seven American and seven Filipino critic teachers; five
supervisors of fourth-year practice teaching; one librarian; and two
clerical assistants; school enrolling 500 students with 100 graduates
each year; sections of approximately 32 students; five recitations
each day per student including one period in the training department for
all, and one-half day for one-half of the fourth-year students at a time
in the training schools.
This per-student cost is but little higher than the present per-student
cost in the Philippine Normal School, where, as has been pointed out,
the most important part of the school, the training department, is wholly
inadequate. It is lower than the Japanese per-student cost which, for,
1923, was 320.7 yen per student. This figure includes, however, scholarships for large numbers of students. It is less than the average perstudent cost in the five Missouri State Normal Schools as reported in
the Carnegie study already cited. But a portion of the enrollment in
these schools was on the collegiate level. It is about one-third of the
student cost in the University of the Philippines at the present time.
As the staff can be made up more and more of Filipino teachers, as
the language situation clears up, and as teachers for the normal schools
need not be hired so extensively in a market where prices are determined
by American instead of by Philippine conditions, the cost may be
expected to decrease.
In this cost computation one important item, since it is properly chargeable to the administrative budget, is not definitely considered. If an
effective program of teacher training is undertaken, its successful execu