A survey of the educational system of the Philippine islands by the Board of educational survey, created under acts 3162 and 3196 of the Philippine Legislature.

422 EDUCATIONAL SURVEY OF THE PHILIPPINES

origin and have been left free to take service in the highest-salaried
positions offered. As a consequence, a very large proportion of these
graduates who have entered the service as teachers are employed by the
City of Manila.
TABLE 44.-PER CENT OF GRADUATES OF THE PHILIPPINE NORMAL SCHOOL EMPLOYED
IN THE CITY OF MANILA
Number of Number of Per cent of
Philippine graduates number gradSchool year Normal aen into uating emSchool grad- Mhool a ployed in
uates teachers Manila
teachers

1922-23............................................ 114 58 50.9
1923-24............................................. 119 53 44.5
1924-25............................................ 121 42 34.7

The only positions open at the salary indicated, in most of the provinces,
have been administrative and supervisory. Graduates of the school are
not well prepared to fill such positions until they have had some
teaching experience. Administrative practice in appointing teachers and
curriculum requirements in the normal schools have not been coordinated.
One or the other has been wrong. Training requirements and training curricula cannot be pushed up faster than administrative practice
and economic conditions warrant. Specifically, the four-year curriculum
above the seventh grade seems to be justified, provided the policy of
appointing as teachers only persons with such training is rigidly adhered
to. Where this requirement is not possible for the moment, a special
curriculum should be offered. During so many years as it is possible
to establish as a minimum requirement, the most effective training that
can be designed for that number of years should be provided. For
reasons presented elsewhere in this section of the report, this confining
of the teacher training to the secondary level should apply not only to
provincial schools but also to the Philippine Normal School in Manila.
THE TEACHING PERSONNEL.-The normal schools in the Philippines
have been hampered, as have those in the United States, by a lack of
teachers specifically prepared to teach in normal schools. Such teachers
should have, in addition to theoretical knowledge, sufficient experience
in the elementary-school field to make their teaching concrete. They
must have ability to do what they attempt to teach others to do, namely,
to teach children. Such persons can be found by diligent search, but
a policy of haphazard selection from among persons taken into the
service without specific consideration of the assignment to be given them
puts competent persons into the normal school only by a happy accident.
This accident has, fortunately, occurred in the Islands more often than
could have been expected. Table 45 shows the training and experience