A survey of the educational system of the Philippine islands by the Board of educational survey, created under acts 3162 and 3196 of the Philippine Legislature.

290 EDUCATIONAL SURVEY OF THE PHILIPPINES

which they are to make a living. In addition to the direct occupational
training which these courses furnish, pupils should also be made as
intelligent as possible relative to problems of the consumer and citizen.
The intermediate school will be the finishing school for the great majority of those who go beyond the primary grades. In 1923, but 3.6
per cent of all of the children in school in the Islands were in the high
schools. The graduates of the intermediate schools are the future
citizens upon which the country must depend very largely for its economic support. Not to give them the training to do well what they
must do to live would be unjust to them and a menace to the country.
In some intermediate schools, in addition to the courses relating to
occupational training there should be an academic course. Those in
this course should also have some industrial work for its more general
values. Both forms of work will be briefly considered.
COURSES FOR VOCATIONAL PREPARATION.-These are the courses
now given in the intermediate schools. It is recommended that these
be continued along with a program of general or liberal education to
prepare pupils to enter with efficiency those occupations in which they
can readily find profitable work as employees or independent producers
when they leave school.
In most schools, agriculture is desirable since the predominating interests of the Islands are rural. In some schools, almost wholly those
in the larger municipalities, industrial or trade courses are needed. In
all school home-making courses for girls are essential. In any school
in a village or barrio, any girl who so desires should be permitted to take
a part of her practical-arts work in home gardening.
In the agricultural courses, there should be included the industrial
or shop problems common to the farmer. Building construction, care
and upkeep of tools and vehicles, and general repair work are the
principal lines of this kind.
There should be provided for practical work in these courses from
80 to 100 minutes daily in Grades V and VI, and from 100 to 120
minutes daily in Grade VII. These periods should include such related
work as is required to make practice in the occupation intelligent. In
general, most of the related subject matter will be direct work in designing and drawing, applied arithmetic, applied science and economics,
and problems of organization, management, and marketing in one's
occupation.
INDUSTRIAL OR TRADE COURSES.-Wherever one or more extensive
industries exist in a community, or where there are demands for trained
workers in considerable numbers, the intermediate schools should offer
courses for training workers in these occupations. The courses should
vary as local conditions vary.