A survey of the educational system of the Philippine islands by the Board of educational survey, created under acts 3162 and 3196 of the Philippine Legislature.

274 EDUCATIONAL SURVEY OF THE PHILIPPINES

able standards and the ability to think for oneself without being moral.
In order to be moral one must do the right things habitually. Habits
of right action must, therefore, be ingrained in the nervous system.
These habits can best be formed in situations which call for moral
action.
In view of these facts the most effective ways of developing good
manners and right conduct will be to make use of situations which call
for the exercise of these qualities. Many such situations arise in the
classroom. Standards of what ought to be done in these instances must
be talked over by teachers and children. In all subjects their ability
to think for themselves must be developed. Then, as occasions arise,
the teacher must see that right actions are actually carried out by the
children. The more often we can have children participate in the
making of rules for their classrooms or school and hold themselves
responsible for obedience to these rulesthe more effective the training
will be. The teacher, however, must see that the children actually do
the right thing.
Three things are urged, therefore, for the development of qualities
necessary for good citizenship, namely, the use of natural, definite
situations to make children conscious of standards of right action and to
stimulate them to participate in the formulation of such standards, the
development of independent judgment or power of thinking, and the
provision of many opportunities in which the children actually are led
to choose between right and wrong.
The Course of Study states that, "The teaching of good manners
and right conduct should receive a certain degree of attention whenever occasions therefor arise and should receive special attention during
opening exercises and during language periods." At the present time
the use of stories, pictures, dialogs, and dramatizations are the chief
means used to develop good manners and right conduct. As observed
this has resulted in staged situations in which purely intellectual material, largely memorized, has been used. Although language training,
usually of an inferior type, has sometimes been secured, the influence
of such artificial situations on conduct is to be questioned.
INDUSTRIAL ARTS
The Survey Commission recognizes the significant results that have
been attained in industrial work. It believes, however, that the time
has come when certain modifications should be made. These modifications are stated in the chapter, industrial subjects. It is believed
that the type of work suggested could be accomplished in the second
grade during a seat-work period together with such industrial content
as would arise in connection with the other subjects. The time thus