A survey of the educational system of the Philippine islands by the Board of educational survey, created under acts 3162 and 3196 of the Philippine Legislature.

ELEMENTARY EDUCATION

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In order that these desirable qualities should be cultivated in the
children and be deeper than surface manners, it is recommended that
the teaching be not separated from the activities and subjects representing the problems of real life. The matter is presented along with some
other closely related materials under the topic, citizenship.
HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.-The
course in Philippine History and Government used since 1918 has been
a mere topical outline of the respective textbooks on history and government, prefaced by some general statements of the purposes of the work
and the methods of presenting it. From the work observed in most
schools, it would seem that the topical outlines are followed, but that
the suggestions of method are forgotten. These suggestions, however,
were too general to be of much value to anyone but the very exceptional teacher. Provision was made for a weekly discussion of current events. The work as observed in most of the schools in history
and civics was a learning and reciting of the textbooks. That the
work had any relationship to the present or to the pupils and their communities was seldom brought out. The work in current events was
much better, and in some schools it was highly meritorious.
A new course of study has been prepared which is very commendable. It gives excellent suggestions on methods of teaching history and
civics, and how to study history. It gives many suggestive illustrations
of procedure in developing detailed units of the history and civics, showing how these may be made really live subjects of present community
interest and value. It emphasizes the use of maps and of noting the
influences of geographical factors in history. By the appropriate use
of this course of study, the work should become more than the learning
of a textbook on history and of the machinery of civil government. It
is recommended that teachers make frequent references to this course of
study and that they follow its specific suggestions. They should use
every available means to make the study relate directly and helpfully
to the solution of the problems actually existing in their communities,
and as far as possible, in the Islands as a whole. The children should
come to feel that every individual is somewhat responsible for whatever the Government is or does.
HYGIENE AND SANITATION.-Hygiene and sanitation is referred to
in preceding discussion on citizenship and is treated in detail in the
chapter dealing with health education.
Music.-A comprehensive course in music for the first six grades
has been prepared, based upon a series of textbooks incorporating much
music material native to the Islands, and adapted to the conditions of
the people. The work is well developed, and, gradually, the teaching