A survey of the educational system of the Philippine islands by the Board of educational survey, created under acts 3162 and 3196 of the Philippine Legislature.

ELEMENTARY EDUCATION

203

inconsiderable influence of the intermediate school. The enrollment
of primary grades outnumbers that of intermediate grades nearly 8 to 1.
The first two grades stand out above them all.
Moreover, there is slight evidence of a marked tendency for this predominating influence of the primary school to decrease. Note how
slowly during the past fourteen years, the percentage of the enrollment
in the elementary school has decreased in favor of the intermediate
school. After twenty-five years of growth it is a fact of crucial importance that nearly one-third of all the pupils are in the first grade.

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55
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I a
9

PER CENT OF TOTAL ENROLLMENT
WHICH IS ENROLLED IN
(a) PRIMARY SCHOOL
(b INTERMEDIATL SCHOOL
1909,l914,1919, 1923
____

a.

I

Is

I

I

109 1914 1919 1523,
GRADES 1. 1i11, IV

IJ909 194 19 1923
GRADES 5 V1,VII.

Fig. 15

Study of the situation in the second grades gives little encouragement.
Note how uniform are,the bars of the graph which indicate the per
cent of the total enrollment found in the second grade. For ten years
there was no change in the situation; for ten years 20 per cent of all
children were in Grade II. While the proportion of all enrolled in
Grade I has been decreasing and that of those Grades III and IV has
been increasing, Grade II has acted as a pivotal grade. The graph
illustrates forcefully the fact that until recently the Philippines have had
but a two-grade school system. Even now the system may be quite