Proceedings of the first Independence congress : held in the city of Manila, Philippine islands, February 22-26, 1930 / Published under the direction of Dean maximo M. Kalaw, executive secretary, University of the Philippines.

216 INDEPENDENCE CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS

The recognition may also be absolute or conditional: it is
absolute when no condition is imposed upon as the recognition
of the independence of the United States and that of the South
American Republics by the European Powers; and it is conditional when some limitation is imposed upon as that imposed
upon Switzerland and Belgium by the Great Powers of not
taking part in offensive wars or entering into an alliance of
offensive character, and that which was imposed by the same
Great Powers upon Montenegro, Servia and Roumania in
recognizing them as independent and sovereign nations, to
establish a complete religious freedom.
And the most recent cases of conditional recognition of a
new state are those of Cuba and Egypt.
The government of the United States established the Republic of Cuba in 1901 imposing principally the following
conditions:
1. That Cuba cannot make any treaty with any other
power, which will put into danger the independence of Cuba.
2. That Cuba cannot incur any obligations which its ingresses do not justify.
3. That Cuba should permit that the United States exercise
the right of intervention for the protection of the independence
of Cuba and for the conservation of an adequate government
for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty.
4. And that Cuba should cede to the United States lands
for naval and coal stations.
And in 1922 Great Britain recognized the independence of
Egypt reserving for herself:
1. The right of defending the Suez Canal and Egypt against
the aggression of any other power;
2. And the right to protect the interests of the foreigners in
Egypt.
And now comes the question: What are the conditions and
circumstances under which may be recognized the independence
of the future Philippine Republic? And what might be the
possible guarantees of our independence?