History of the 151st field artillery, Rainbow Division, by Louis L. Collins, lieutenant governor of Minnesota. Edited by Wayne E. Stevens, PH. D. Pub. by the Minnesota War records commission.

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necessary to give up the submarine attack. Plenty of room should be given for
the operations of the destroyers.
If the torpedo has been fired, the first thing that you will probably see will
be the torpedo wake. A torpedo wake looks just like a white streak in the
water. In case the submarine has its periscope above water, the first thing you
are likely to see will be the " Periscope wake." This makes a wave, very much
like the one made at target practice the other day, only not so pronounced, as
this was being towed through the water at greater speed than a submarine generally makes. The submarine may be traveling only two knots: just enough to
keep it horizontal. The thing that you see might not be a submarine. It might
be drifting mines or boats or casks. All these things should be reported. They
might not be anything but barrels; they may be perfectly harmless, or they may
have mines in them. Boats have been found over here with mines in them.
NOTES ON LOOKOUTS
The bow lookout is manned entirely by the Navy. Right back of that is
a house on either side. This is manned by both the Navy and Army. The Army's
interest in that is one Army officer. The different watches for lookout duty may
be arranged to suit the individuals on lookout, but it is best not to be on the
lookout for more than an hour at a time. The next stations are the two tops
(indicating), the upper and the lower top. The upper top is manned entirely by
the Navy and in the lower top we have two Army officers. The lower top has
the communications: loud speaking telephone to bridge, and quite a large megaphone, which I think you will find quite serviceable. Next, the wings of the
bridges and the fire control station on top. This is all Navy. Next are the two
stations on either side of deck " B." This is to be manned entirely by the army
and there are to be two officers in each station, and an enlisted man to look
out for the communications, telephones and voice pipes. The next station is
No.2. The sectors that you will have to guard in this station will be given you
by the Gunnery Officer, Mr. Olendorf. The next station aft is No.4 (Indicating). That is all Navy. Station 5, on this side, (indicating), just forward
of the guns.
If we should be torpedoed, the main object of the Navy crew would be to
get all the troops safely off in boats and rafts. The Navy crew are supposed to
stand by the ship and save her if we can, but, with one or more compartments
filled with water, it is hard to determine whether it will be possible to save her.
If we had lots of rescue vessels around us immediately, it would be better to let
all the troops off at once. The torpedo might hit and never explode at all. Cases
have been known where merchant ships have been abandoned and the crew had
returned to see that the ship had not sunk.
The first thing for the Captain to do is to stop the ship. The ship should
be practically dead in the water, before any lowering of boats or life rafts is
undertaken. With two compartments filled with water, I think this ship would
float for two hours, and with only one compartment filled I do not think she
would sink at all. The alarm will be sounded when the torpedo or periscope
wake is sighted, or when something suspicious is discovered. The radio operator
has the latitude and longitude at all times, and he will, if directed by the Captain, sound the "S.O.S." message, and probably draw a number of ships for
our help in a very short time. I appreciate that this also diverges from the
subject of our discussion. The idea is, however, to get all the means to save
life in order before anybody is given a chance to come down the sides.
It is extremely dangerous to life to jump overboard, and it should not be
allowed. All men who show signs of desiring to jump overboard should be
restrained by force. With a perfectly orderly crowd, the chances are that there
would not be any loss of life at all. The main thing is to remember that, in
case the alarm should prove false, or the danger to the ship be obviated, the ship
is more comfortable than the life boats or rafts and that she should be stuck by.
It is also well to remember that there will be lots of alarms which will turn out
to be nothing.