A brief survey of Iloko literature from the beginnings to its present development, with a bibliography of works pertaining to the Iloko people and their language, by Leopoldo Y. Yabes.

THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

29

ilocana% and gave it the name Tesauro.l1 Fr. Miguel Albiol,
who died in Bacarra in 1710, revised and expanded the same
work.'2 Fr. Pedro Vivar, who also wrote a historical work on
the Silang revolt of 1762, is reported to have made additions to
the same work. The work is believed to have been put into final
shape by Fr. Andres Carro, born 1733 and died 1806, and was
published for the first time in 1849 under the title Vocabulario
de la lengua ilocana.13 Next to Fr. Lopez and Pedro Bukaneg,
Fr. Carro contributed most to the early Iloko linguistic literature. In addition to the above work, he also corrected and
expanded Fr. Lopez's Arte de la lengua ilocana, first published
in 1627, and printed for the second in 1793.14 Two works,
A'rte ilocanao and Diccionario ilocano, in manuscript form, are
attributed to Fr. Juan Serrano, who died in Manila in 1754.1'
C. POETRY
Religious Poetry:-Other than the poetry contained in folksongs and in metrical romances, research work has not yet
brought out any examples of lay poetry produced during the
eighteenth century. The written poetry of the century was
predominantly religious. Fr. Garriz's and Fr. M'ejia's versions
of the Pasion constituted the main bulk of the poetry.
A native poet of considerable merit, Pablo Inis, a son of
Sinait, Ilokos Sur, is believed to have lived during the eighteenth
century. The exact dates of his birth and death have not been ascertained, but a close examination of the only extant piece of
work by him will lead one to the conclusion that he lived either
late in the seventeenth century or early in the eighteenth century.
Inis shows some poetical talent, and it is unfortunate that
not more of his works have been preserved. He was chiefly
a religious poet.'6
Metrical Romances:-Epifanio de los Santos says that the
first Tagalog awit was printed in Tomas Pinnin's Librong.....
published in 1610.1 The panagbiag, the Iloko counterpart of
11-Ibid., p. 166.
12-Ibid., p. 59.
13-Ibid.. p. 318. In this connection, W. E. Retana notes that Fr.
Vivar, not Fr. Carro, expended more labor upon the work and attacks
Fr. Carro for appropriating the work to himself. See his Aparato bibliogr6 -fico..., v. 2, p. 603.
14-Ibid., p. 318.
15-Ibid.. p. 257.
16-See Pichay, L. C. Dallang ti Amianan, San Fernando, La Union,
Ilocano Printing Co., pp. 5-6.
17-"Balagtas y su Florente", in Philippine Review, Aug., 1916. D. S.
Fansler is of the opinion that metrical romances have been popular among
Filipinos since the early days of the Spanish occupation. See his "Metrical
Romances in the Philippines", in the Journal of Ameican Folklore, v.
29, no. 112, April-June, 1916.