A brief survey of Iloko literature from the beginnings to its present development, with a bibliography of works pertaining to the Iloko people and their language, by Leopoldo Y. Yabes.

P R EFACE

double consonants. In pronouncing these words, the two consonants must both be sounded. For instance, the "11" in the
Iloko word "dallot" must not be pronounced as in the Spanish
"caballd" or as in the Italian "villa", and the "pp" in "uppat"
must not be pronounced as in the English word "upper", with
only one "p" sounded.
Mr. Luis Montilla, chief, Filipiniana Division, National
Library, gave me much encouragement and all the facilities I
needed to pursue my research work in the division for the last
five years. Prof. Gabriel A. Bernardo, librarian, University of
the Philippines, went over the, manuscript and made valuable
suggestions especially with regards to the references to Tagalog
literature. Prof. Cristino Jamias, acting head of the Department of English, University of the Philippines, and my graduate
adviser, read the manuscript and corrected some lapses in grammar and diction. Mr. Modesto Farolan, general manager of the
DMHM Newspapers, gave of his time and effort trying to get
material aid from some of the rich people from the Ilokos. Prof.
Harley tI. Bartlett, one time exchange professor to the University of the Philippines from the University of Michigan, put his
rich collection of Iloko metrical romances at my disposal.
I also wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to my other
kind friends: Messrs. Daniel S. Albano, Tiburcio Tumaneng,
Leon C. Pichay, Victorino Balbin, Perfecto S. Sison, and Teodoro
Purugganan; Misses Maria G. Ines, Cristeta C. Javier, Agripina
Ines, and Esperanza Llanes; and Messrs. Alejandro Eugenio,
Santiago Alcantara, Geronimo Cayton, Aquilino Argosino, Irineo
F. Santos, Arsenio Manuel, Teodoro A. Agoncillo, Federico D.
Sales, Adeudato J. Agbayani, M. A. Abaya, Casiano Ilustre, Benjamin Panlasigui, Gabriel Guerrero, and several others.
Lastly I wish to express my thanks to Mr. Jose Resurreccion Calip, who gave his full cooperation in the compilation of
the bibliography published with this work, a short account of
which is given in the introductory note to it. and to Mr. Gorgonio S. Rangel, acting manager of the Oriental Printing, who
generously rendered his cooperation in the printing of the
work.
-LEOPOLDO Y. YABES
Department of Graduate Studies
University of the Philippines
Manila, July 2'1, 1936.

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