Search Results

Title

Rudolf Virchow and Cellular Pathology, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

Just past his thirty-fourth year, in 1855, Dr. Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) while professor at Wurzburg University, Germany, propounded his theory of cellular pathology. Lecturing and demonstrating at this specially made desk in the Wurzburg Krankenhaus, the slight, short, fiery professor used microscopes to convince students that cells were reproduced from other cells, and that diseease results from disturbance of cells by injury or irritants. Later, in Berlin, Virchow continued to lead international medical thought, and to teach, to engage in research, to write, to edit, to explore new fields, and to serve his community politically, until his death in 1902. The "little doctor" was a medical giant.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.28

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

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people and culture

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people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

The Era of Antibiotics, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

When Dr. Alexander Fleming, British bacteriologist who had discovered penicillin in 1928, heard in 1940 that Drs. Florey, Chain, and their "team" had isolated the antibiotic and had found it successful when tested on mice for efficary and toxicity, at Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, he decided to visit them and see their work. The three men shared a Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1945. Cooperation of British and United States scientists, governments, and institutions developed mass production methods for penicillin; met wartime needs; launched new research. Antibiotics brough about a revolution in the practice of medicine. In the laboratory are: Drs. Fleming, Howard W. Florey, Ernst B. Chain, A.G. Sanders, E.P. Abraham, and Norman G. Heatley.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.44

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Native Healing, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.4

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

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people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Benjamin Rush, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

Professional, moral, and physical courage of Dr. Benjamin Rush (1745-1813) was taxed to exhaustion during the 1793 yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia, capital of the the new United States of America. Those residents who could, fled; those who could not were decimated by disease. Horror and hysteria reigned. Hundreds died daily. Dr. Rush stayed, cared for patients, personally survived two attacks of fever. Though his heroic treatments were severly criticized, Rush was unswerving. Patriot, signer of the Declaration of Independence, leader in the country's first medical school, Dr. Rush came to be called the first great physician in the United States of America.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.21

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

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people in health and medicine

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science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

The Conquest of Yellow Fever, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

Methods of controlling and preventing yellow fever resulted from investigations conducted in 1900 at Camp Lazear, Cuba, by a United States Army commission led by Major Walter Reed (1851-1902). This research proved conclusively that mosquitos carry the yellow fever virus from person to person. First volunteer patient to be infected by mosquito bites was Private John Kissinger. Examining physicians were Major W. C. Gorgas, Havana sanitation officer; Dr. Aristides Agramonte, pathologist; Dr. Carlos J. Finlay, chairman of the cooperating Cuban Yellow Fever Commission and first man to point out the positive infective role of mosquitos; Dr. James Carroll, bacteriologist; and Dr. Reed, commission chairman.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.37

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Ambroise Paré: Surgery Acquires Stature

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

Ambroise Paré, a young French army surgeon with troops of King François at Turin, in 1536, had his first experience treated men for arquebus wounds. Running ouf of boiling oil (traditional treatment for gunshot injuries), he improvised, discovered that unburned patients healed much better, and resolved never to use hot oil again. Countless soliders and citizens benefited from this rule. It was some years later, in 1552, that Paré put aside cautery irons used to stop bleeding in amputations and reintroduced ligatures for tying blood vessels. During his life (1510-1590), inventive, observant, compassionate Paré served as surgeon to four French kings; earned the title: "Father of Surgery."

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.13

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

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people in health and medicine

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scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

J. Marion Sims: Gynecologic Surgeon, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.30

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Susruta-Surgeon of Old India, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

Su?ruta, famed Hindu surgeon, is depicted in the home of a noble of ancient India, about to begin an otoplastic operation. The patient drugged with wine, is steaded by friends and relatives as the great surgeon sets about fashioning an artificial ear lobe. He will use a section of flesh to be cut from the patient's cheek; it will be attached to the stump of the mutilated organ, treated with hemostatic powders and bandaged. Details of this procedure, and of Su?ruta's surgical instruments, are to be found in the "Su?ruta-samhit?," ancient Indian text. Plastic surgery was practiced in India more than 2000 years ago.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.6

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Jenner: Smallpox is Stemmed, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

The first vaccination against smallpox was performed by Edward Jenner, English rural physician, in his apartment in the Chantry House, Berkeley, Gloucestershire. Exudate from a cowpox pusule on the hand of dairymaid, Sarah Nelmes, was inserted in scratches on the arm of eight-year-old James Phipps, May 14, 1796. The vaccination was effective, for two later attempts to induce infection with smallpox pus were unsuccessful. After proving his discovery, Jenner published his vaccination findings in 1798. Despite opposition, vaccination became accepted practice during Jenner's lifetime.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.23

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Enrlich: Chemotherapy is Launched, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

In a crowded laboratory at Frankfurt's Institute of Experimental Therapy, German research scientist Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) habitually scrawled work orders to associates with stubby colored pencils on "blocks" of note paper. Dr. Ehrlich and his Japanese assistant, Dr. Sahachiro Hata, announced Salvarsan (606) to the world in 1910 as a "chemical bullet" for treatment of syphilis. Dr. Ehrlich's success with chemical synthesis gave impetus to a new medical science, chemotherapy. Though his greatest achievements were in this field, Dr. Ehrlich contributed to many branches of medicine and shared in a 1908 Nobel Prize for his work on immunology.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.39

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Sydenham: Proponent of Clinical Medicine, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689), seventeenth-century London physician, at the bedside of a patient - the only place, he believed, where doctors could learn about disease. Sydenham's plain Puritan costume contrasts markedly with high-fashion raiment worn by his lifelong friend, John Locke, physician-philosopher, who frequently accompanied him on his rounds of patients. Sydenham's honest and straighforward observations, accepted and published in many countries, earned him such posthumous titles as that of the "English Hippocrates," and also the "Father of Clinical Medicine in Britain."

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.16

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

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people and culture

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Title

Pasteur: The Chemist Who Transformed Medicine, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

Proof that microbes are reproduced from parent organisms, and do not result from spontaneous generation, came from careful experiments in makeshift laboratories of France's famed chemist and biologist, Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), at the Ecole Normale, Paris. Behind him are portraits of his father and mother, which he painted during his youth. Mme. Pasteur waits patiently for him to complete an observation. From basic work in these laboratories came proof of the germ theory of disease, which transformed medical practice; vaccines for virulent diseases, including anthrax and rabies; solution of many industrial biochemical problems; and founding of the Pasteur Insitute.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.32

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Galen, Influence for Forty-Five Generations, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

Galen was a pillar of medicine; the last important pillar in the millennium of Greek domination of the medical world. Physician to emperors as well as commoners in the Roman Empire, Galen (130-220 A.D.) traveled extensively, lectured widely, wrote prolifically. The great Greek was a shrewd observer who gained much experience through experimentation. Cupping was among the forms of treatment which he advocated. Pharmacy as well as medicine benefited from his formulas, called "galenicals;" he was a leader in the health sciences of his day. Galen's teachings were accepted as dogma by both teachers and practioners of medicine for fifteen hundred years.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.8

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Conquerors of Pain, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

Before a skeptical group of surgeons in the operating amphitheater of Massachusetts General Hospital, October 16, 1846, William T.G. Morton, Boston dentist, prepared to anesthetize Dr. John C. Warren's surgical patient, Gilbert Abbott, by causing him to enhale ether. Though Crawford W. Long, Georgia physician, had used ether for anesthesia in 1842, and Horace Wells, Connecticut dentist, tried unsuccessfully to demonstrate anesthesia with nitrous oxide in 1845, reports of painless operations resulting from Morton's methods gave practical anesthesia to mankind. Within a year ether was being used world-widely to conquer the pain incident to surgical operations.

Identity of persons in the picture, "Conquerors of Pain"

1. Dr. John C. Warren, operating surgeon

2. Dr. William T.G. Morton, demonstrated ether anesthesia

3. Dr. Charles F. Heywood, house surgeon

4. Gilbert Abbott, patient

5. Dr. Augustus A. Gould

6. Dr. Henry J. Bigelow

7. Dr. Solomon D. Townsend

8,9,10,11,12,13,14 Medical students

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.25

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Harvey Cushing and Neurosurgery, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

Surgery on highly sensitive tissues of the brain was seldom attempted, even after anesthesia and sepsis became standard operating room procedures. Not until the early 1900's was the tremendous risk of life reduced by research and delicate surgical techniques, many of them developed and taught by Ohio-born Dr. Harvey W. Cushing, at Johns Hopkins, at Harvard and at Yale. Dr. Cushing removed 2,000 brain tumors; developed a "school" of students from many lands who put up with his pungent personality in order to learn his methods. Adolph Watzka, surgical orderly, for many years was his constant operating room companion.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.41

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Medicine in Ancient Egypt, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

An Egyptian physician of the Eighteenth Century (1500-1400 B.C.), clothed in clean white linen and a wig, as became the dignity of his status, is confronted with a patient having symptoms of lockjaw (described in an ancient scroll now known as the Edwin Smith papyrus). With sure, sympathetic hands, the physician treats the patient, who is supported by a "brick chair." Directions for treatment appear on the scroll held by his assistant. Specially trained priests observe prescribed magico-religious rites. Egyptian medicine occupied a dominant position in the world of the ancients for 2500 years.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.1

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

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people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

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Title

Morgagni and Pathologic Anatomy, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

In the famous anatomic amphitheatre built in 1590, Giovanni Battista Morgagni (1682-1771) demonstrated before medical students from many countries during the 56 years he served as Professor of Anatomy at the famed University of Padua. Although his first book was published in 1704, Morgagni's greatest contribution to medicine, "On the Seats and Causes of Disease," came out 57 years later, in 1761. This five-book work, embodying a lifetime's experience in dissection and in observation, convinced medical men that diseases were not dispersed generally throughout the body, but got their start locally in specific organs or tissues. It ranks high among 18th-century scientific works.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.18

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

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Title

Charcot: Master of Neurology, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

Greatest neurologist of the 19th century, Parisian physician Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) developed La Salpêtrière from an asylum for indigent women to one of France's leading hospitals. Charcot's study and care of its vast patient population led to teaching, research, and the creation of the world's leading neurological clinic; attracted students from many nations; raised neurology to a respected medical science. Some of Charcot's teachings inspired Sigmund Freud of Vienna (Charcot's student, 1885-1886) to develop the world-famous Freudian hypothesis on psychoanalysis and psychotherapy.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.34

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

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people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Medieval Hospitals, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

The Great Room of the Poor (La Grand' Chambre des Povres) is believed to be the world's oldest edifice to have been in continuous use as a hospital. Representative of medieval hospitals, it is a part of the Hôtel-Dieu of Beaune, France, founded in 1443. Combined with modern professional hospital service it carefully preserves the atmosphere of the fifteenth century. A small chapel is located at the end of the room. Sisters of the Congregation of Sainte Marthe, garbed in habits traditional to their ancient order, have cared for the sick, the aged, and the indigent in this hospital for more than five hundred years, uninterrupted by wars, by economic upheavals, or by political changes.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.10

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

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people and culture

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people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

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Title

Founding of the American Medical Association, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

Advancement of medical knowledge, improved medical education, launcing of a program of medical ethics, and furtherance of public service - these were aims of The American Medical Association, organized May 7, 1847, by 250 delegates seated among exhibit cases and before ancient bones of a mastadon, Mammut americanum, in the hall of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Chairman Jonathan Knight welcomed Dr. Nathaniel Chapman, first president (foreground) and officers as they launched what became the world's larger and greater medical bodies, now in its second century of service both to the public and to the profession.

Identity of portraits in the picture "Founding of the American Medial Association" Officers and committeemen present at the time of organiaton of the AMA included (left to right):

1. Dr. A.H. Buchanan, Tennessee, a vice-president

2. Dr. Alexander H. Stevens, New York, a vice-president; second president of the AMA

3. Dr. J.R.W. Dunbar, Maryland, a secretary

4. Dr. Thomas Cock, New York, committeeman

5. Dr. John Watson, New York, chairman of the committee for organizing a permanent national organization

6. Dr. Jonathan Knight, Connecticut, temporary chairman of the organizational meeting; vice president of the new organization; and the AMA's seventh president

7. Dr. Nathan Smith Davis, New York, committeeman credited with having been the "father" of the AMA; sixteenth president of the AMA; and first editor of the AMA "Journal"

8. Dr. Nathaniel Chapman, Pennsylvania, first president of the AMA

9. Dr. J.R. Manley, New York, committeeman

10. Dr. Alfred Stillé, Pennsylvania, a secretary; twenty-third president of the AMA

11. Dr. Isaac Hays, Pennsylvania, treasurer

12. Dr. George B. Wood, Pennsylvania, ninth president of the AMA

13. Dr. James Moultrie, South Carolina, a vice-president; fifth president of the AMA

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.27

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

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Title

Banting, Best, and Diabetes, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

During the summer of 1921, Charles H. Best, youthful biologist, and Dr. Frederick G. Banting experiemented in laboratories loanded by Professor J.J.R. Macleod of the Physiology Department, University of Toronto. The inexperienced Canadian investigators found what trained research men before them had missed -- an extract of the pancreas the controlled the high blood sugar of diabetes mellitus. Proved and reproved on laboratory animals, their extract was tried on a human diabetic in February, 1922. Best developed mass production methods while studying for a medical degree. Banting and Best's discovery of insulin gave hope of life to millions of diabetics who otherwise would have been doomed.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.43

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

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people and culture

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Title

Trephining in Andient Peru, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

On the dry, sun-swept Pacific coastline of the Paracas peninsula, a first-century Peruvian surgeon is beginning a trephining operation with the aid of knives of glass-hard obsidian, a crude plant narcotic, cotton, and bandages. Assistants immobilize the patient, and a priest seeks supernatural intervention throuh incanations and prayers as the slow and highly hazardous operation proceeds. Peru was the center of intensive practice of trephining in the New World, where the operation (opening of the skulls of living patients) can be traced from well before dawn of the Christian era to the twentieth century.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.3

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

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people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

John Hunter: Founder of Scientific Surgery, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

From an untutored Scottish country boy, John Hunter (1728-1793) rose to become eighteenth-century London's foremost surgeon and medical scientist. Combining natural talent, insatiable curiosity, and keen observation, he was one of the greatest comparative anatomists of all time. The skeletons of the now-extinct Great Auk and of the Irish Giant are two of 13,682 specimens which comprised his famous collections, war-spared remnants of which still are on exhibit in London's Royal College of Surgeons. Posthumously, Dr. Hunter was honored as "The Founder of Scientific Surgery."

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.20

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

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people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Röentgen: Invisible Rays That Save Lives, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

At his first public demonstration of newly discovered x-rays, the evening of January 23, 1896, Wilhelm Conrad Röentgen (1845-1923) astounded scientists who filled the room. Professor of Physics and Rector of University of Würzburg, Germany, Röentgen completed his demonstration by taking an x-ray photograph of the hand of famed Professor of Anatomy, Albert von Kölliker. This led to discussion of possible medical applications. The news traveled fast, and within a year, x-ray equipment was being employed by medical men around the world as a diagnostic tool. Later research revealed many theraputic and industrial applications, as well as the hidden dangers, of x-rays.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.36

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Human Anatomy, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

Andreas Vesalius of Brussels, first great teacher of anatomy from natural observations, conducted many anatomical demonstrations on human bodies while Professor of Surgery and of Anatomy at the University of Padua, 1537-1543. Highly successful, these were attended by medical students, physicians, interested civic officials, sculptors and artists. First to break with Galen's 1400-year-old anatomical texts, Vesalius published "Tabulae Anatomicae Sex" in 1538, and the monumental "De Humani Corporis Fabrica" in 1543. Though reviled and ridiculed by Galenists, the validity of Vesalius' works soon overcame detractors and they became classic in medical literature.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.12

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

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people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Hemholtz: Physicist- Physician, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

Among great contributions to medicine in the nineteenth century was the ophthalmoscope, an instrument used for inspection of the interior of they eye, invented in 1850 by Herman Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (1821-1894), Professor of Physiology at Königsberg. Physician by training and teacher by profession, Helmholtz became Germany's foremost physicist, succeeding to the Chair of Physics at the University of Berlin. His contributions to the knowledge of acoustics nearly equaled those he made to physiologic optics. His discoveries in physics advanced knowledge in a dozen scientific fields, earned him ennoblement, and brought him eminence, distinction, and world-wide recognition.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.29

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Medicine Today and Tomorrow, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

Medicine is ancient, yet ever new. The scientific discoveries and advances resulting from work of countless thousands of dedicated medical men throughout fifty centuries are at the command of today's physician, and through him, brought to focus upon the needs of sick patients. Never before in the world's history have people had the medical advantages available today. Physicians, research scientists, specialists in production and distribution, are all collaborating in a constant effort to improve medical service and to make available better diagnoses, better treatment, and better medicines for a better world.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.45

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

The Temples and Cult of Asclepius, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

Every night for nearly a thousand years (500 B.C. - 500 A.D.), sick and afflicted pilgrims flocked to the Grecian Temples of Asclepius to take part of a ritual called incubation. The ancient kindly god of medicine was expected to visit them during a dream state and either heal or prescribe drugs, diet, and modes of treatment. Only requisites were that they should be clean and "think pure thoughts." To show their appreciation, recipients of Asclepius' favor caused votives (stone or terra cotta images of the afflicted parts which supposedly had been healed) to be made, suitably inscribed, and presented to be hung as testimony on the temple walls. More than 200 such temples existed.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.5

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Pinel Unchains the Insane, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

The Father of Psychiatry, French physician Philippe Pinel, in 1795 ordered chains and fetters removed from insame women in the Salpêtrière, large Parisian hospital. Two years earlier, he had similarily unchained insane men in the Bicêtre. Despite political and medical opposition and uncertainties of life during the hectic period of the French Revolution, Pinel persisted in replacing cruelty and inhumanity with understanding, kindness, and rational therapy. His success in curing and relieving patients suffering from mental diseases opened new perspectives for psychiatric research and practice.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.22

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Walter B. Cannon: Physiologic Investigator, from "The History of Medicine"

Artist

Robert Thom

Physical Description

While a first-year student at Harvard Medical School, Boston, in 1896, Walter B. Cannon (1871-1945) employed newly discovered x-rays to study the activities of digestive organs in animals. Cannon induced cats to eat radiopaque meals, and followed food through alimentary organs with the aid of a fluroscopic screen. Basic studies of digestion, and of effects of emotions on it, led to new understandings of food utilization, of transmission of nerve impulses, and of actions of endocrine glands. Second Professor of Physiology at Harvard, Dr. Cannon earned world-wide respect as a researcher, as a teacher, and also as an ambassador of scientific good will.

Artist Life Dates

1915-1979

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1952

Accession Number

UMHS.38

Medium and Support

oil on canvas

relevance

rank 1.19010

Secondary Keywords

disciplines

health sciences

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in health and medicine

people in science-related occupations

science and related disciplines

scientists and people in science-related occupations

Title

Ancestral Shrine Figure (Male)

Artist

African, Nigeria, Ibo

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1940

Accession Number

1985/1.87

Medium and Support

carved wood

relevance

rank 1.18979

Secondary Keywords

figures

figures (representations)

objects we use

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people and occupations

people by family relationship

people by gender

physical activities

physical activities by general context

sculpture

sculpture by function

visual works

visual works by medium or technique

visual works by subject type

Title

Covered jar with design of flower maiden, sage, and child amidst flowering plants

Artist

Artist Unknown, Imari ware, Japan

Physical Description

A medium size, well potted porcelain jar with wooden rid, round shoulder and neck. Floral designs are painted with blue underglaze and red and gold overglaze enamels. There are Chinese scholar and attendant boy with a fan on one side and Japanese lady in kimono on the opposite side, painted with enamels. Band of flowers on the neck, another broader band of chrysanthemums on the shoulder. There is also a band of leaf patterns on the bottom. A large crack from neck to the middle of the body; porcelain glaze has small cracks all over the body. The foot is unglazed; the eye is fully glazed. No glaze on the rim. The teak wood lid, a later addition, has a finial made of an ivory netsuke of laughing Hotei.

Century

Mid-17th century

Object Creation Date

circa 1650

Accession Number

1972/2.72A&B

Medium and Support

porcelain, blue underglaze, and enamel overglaze painting

relevance

rank 1.18979

Secondary Keywords

buildings and the land

containers

containers by form

flowers (plants)

herbaceous plants

landscapes (environments)

natural landscapes

objects we use

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by activity

people by gender

plants

sage (people)

settlements and landscapes

vegetation and vegetation components

vegetation components

vessels

woody plants

Title

Jain Tirthankara and a monk with animal forest scene, no. 12 from a Digambara series

Artist

Artist Unknown, India, Sirohi School

Physical Description

Two distinct registers divide a page in half. At the top, a yellow-orange colored nude jina sits in lotus position upon a three tiered throne [a patterned blue level at the bottom on feet, with an orange section with gold and red decoration and a green level at the top with gold vertical stripes]. He sits against a red background adorned with a pattern of three white dots. The background takes the shape of an elegant cusped arch with a green and white pattern along its outside with a gold pattern at its sides. To the right of the seated figure a nude Digambara monk sits with his legs folded and one knee up on a less elaborate throne with a lota or pot at the corner and a crossed bookstand to the side holding a book with some devanagari writing on it. He raises his right arm and holds his left to his ear.

Placed under a band of curving yellow stripes, the bottom register represents animals in a landscape. At the bottom are clumps of grass with four stylized mountain forms in blue at the right. Above the mountains stands a tiger facing a family of antelope striding towards him. The family consists of the blue male with his long spiraling horns and a yellow doe below him with a flesh-colored in front of her. Another small yellow fawn takes up the rear. Clumps of light blue and green grasses fill in the background.

Century

18th century

Object Creation Date

18th century

Accession Number

1975/2.178

Medium and Support

ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper

relevance

rank 1.18975

Secondary Keywords

upward

animals and creatures

associated concepts

buildings and the land

containers

containers by form

descriptors

figures (representations)

information artifacts

information artifacts by physical form

information forms

landforms

landforms and landform components

landforms by shape or position

mammals

materials

materials by origin

natural landscapes

objects we use

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by gender

people by occupation

people by state or condition

people in religion

people in religion and related occupations

people in the humanities

plant material

religions

religions and religious concepts

religious (people)

settlements and landscapes

vessels

visual works

visual works by subject type

Title

Mukha-Linga

Artist

Artist Unknown, India, South India

Physical Description

This phallic representation of the god Shiva appears as a columnar head placed on a base with two rounded moldings on top of a series of square ones. His neck is fully cylindrical and the face is modeled on that cylinder. The eyes are wide open and a bow shaped eyebrow curves over them. He has a flared nose and luxuriant moustache over a narrow but full lips and a short ball like chin. A ‘U’ shaped element consisting of lines and a pearl motif probably represents his beard, perhaps held up in a tight net. His forehead is decorated with three raise lines that go straight across and his crown is basically flat over his hear decorated with a bunch of peak forms in the center with a finial surmounting the whole. His ears fan out almost like handles to a jar and are decorated with stylized arabesques. A five-headed snake hood rises behind the head and has a rib down its center and scale motives incised towards the bottom an ‘S’ shapes t denote the cobra ‘eyes’ to each side.

Century

18th-19th century

Object Creation Date

18th century - 19th century

Accession Number

1981/2.52B

Medium and Support

bronze

relevance

rank 1.18951

Secondary Keywords

animals and creatures

associated concepts

hindu

hinduism

named gods and goddesses

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by state or condition

religion

religions

religions and religious concepts

reptiles

snakes

subject matter

Title

Unbeholding #3

Artist

Kay Denton

Physical Description

A girl sitting on a bicycle amongst leaves and trees.

Artist Life Dates

b. 1939

Object Creation Date

1996

Accession Number

2013/2.116

Medium and Support

gold-toned gelatin silver print on paper

relevance

rank 1.18916

Secondary Keywords

associated concepts

descriptors

materials

materials by origin

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by family relationship

philosophical concepts

plant material

Title

Watercarrier

Artist

Artist Unknown, India

Physical Description

A standing figure of a watercarrier holding a bag on his left hand side. His right arm appears to be no longer part of the sculpture. He appears to be weighed down to the one side and his body is tilted. He is wearing a skirt and a turban.

Century

19th century

Object Creation Date

19th century

Accession Number

2012/2.164

Medium and Support

terracotta

relevance

rank 1.18916

Secondary Keywords

containers

containers by form

descriptors

inorganic material

materials

materials by composition

objects we use

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by gender

Title

Shiva, in his form as ekamukhalinga

Artist

Artist Unknown, India, Maharashtra

Physical Description

Possibly used to cover a linga, a phallic representation of the god Shiva or representing a linga decorated with a face of Shiva, we find a stylized face on a tall, thick cylindrical neck. He is depicted with large, wide open eyes consisting of a double line above and below with a heavy eyebrows above them. A third eye is between them in a vertical direction. He has thick lips and wears a luxurious moustache. A decorated band fits tightly under his chin and may represent a decorated beard of necklaces. At the bottom of the band is a stylized linga on a base, looking like a cross on a line. His ears sport snake earrings and his hair is worn combed back from the forehead in wide matted bands.

Century

18th century

Object Creation Date

18th century

Accession Number

1977/2.46

Medium and Support

bronze

relevance

rank 1.18916

Secondary Keywords

associated concepts

hindu

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by state or condition

religion

religions

religions and religious concepts

subject matter

Title

Kuroneko to shojo (Black Cat and Girl)

Artist

Nakayama Tadashi

Physical Description

A girl in patterned dress is holding a black cat in her arms, looking to the left.

Artist Life Dates

born 1927

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

1973

Accession Number

2011/2.26

Medium and Support

color woodblock print on paper

relevance

rank 1.18916

Secondary Keywords

animals and creatures

mammals

objects we use

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by gender

visual works

visual works by medium or technique

Title

Circus Boy, Michigan Circus

Artist

D. James Galbraith

Physical Description

A child playing on top of a deflated circus tent.

Artist Life Dates

(1930 - 2002)

Object Creation Date

1980

Accession Number

2014/2.241

Medium and Support

vintage gelatin silver print on paper, laid down on board

relevance

rank 1.18870

Secondary Keywords

entertainment events

events

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by gender

performances

Title

To Survive

Artist

Bitte Bjeregaard

Physical Description

A little boy in an oversized coat twirling around, an older man trying to get out of a chair in the background.

Object Creation Date

2000

Accession Number

2013/2.98

Medium and Support

digital pigment print on Epson Photo paper

relevance

rank 1.18870

Secondary Keywords

descriptors

materials

materials by function

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by gender

Title

The Awakening #5

Artist

Kay Denton

Physical Description

A girl in a white dress amongst trees and vines, appears to be twirling.

Artist Life Dates

b. 1939

Object Creation Date

1998; printed 2000

Accession Number

2013/2.119

Medium and Support

toned gelatin silver print on paper

relevance

rank 1.18870

Secondary Keywords

associated concepts

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by family relationship

philosophical concepts

Title

M. Labori, from "Dreyfus Affair"

Artist

Ben Shahn

Physical Description

Shown in court attaire, a man stands with arms bent at his waist, and left hand holding both a rolled up document and a small pair of spectacles. It reads above the man's head "M. Labori", who was Captain Dreyfus' defense attorney.

Object Creation Date

1968

Accession Number

2011/1.112.3

Medium and Support

pochoir print on paper

relevance

rank 1.18839

Secondary Keywords

associated concepts

objects we use

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in law

people in social science-related occupations

people in the social sciences and related occupations

social science concepts

sociological concepts

visual works

visual works by subject type

Title

El Abuelo y el Nino, San Miguel de Allende, Mexico, from "Detroit Focus 2000"

Artist

Lisa Luevanos

Artist Life Dates

born 1965

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

2000

Accession Number

2003/2.69.23

Medium and Support

color photograph on paper

relevance

rank 1.18721

Secondary Keywords

accessories worn on the head

ancestors

costume

costume accessories

costume accessories worn

geographic and political locations

hats

headgear

michigan (state)

north and central america (continent)

objects we use

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by family relationship

people by gender

united states (nation)

wayne (county)

Title

Two Scenes of Armies Fighting

Artist

Hans Burgkmair

Physical Description

This woodcut features a multitude of armored figures, some of which are on horseback, engaged in a battle with swords and lances in a hilly countryside. Two cannons are arranged on the lower right in the foreground and one cannon is being manipulated by a figure in the lower left corner of the composition. Various flags are included in the image including one with a Burgundian cross. In the distance of the scene there is a walled town with mountains positioned behind it.

Artist Life Dates

1473-1531

Object Creation Date

early 16th century

Accession Number

2012/2.179

Medium and Support

woodcut on laid paper

relevance

rank 1.18607

Secondary Keywords

ammunition

ammunition for artillery

armed conflicts

events

identifying artifacts

information artifacts

information artifacts by function

information forms

objects we use

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in military occupations

weapons and ammunition

Title

Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew

Artist

Workshop of Michael Wolgemut

Physical Description

A haloed man is attached to a plank in the foreground of the composition. A male figure positioned behind him holds a knife to his knee while a male figure in front of him holds a knife to his wrist. A figure dressed like a church father stands watching over the scene on the right.

Artist Life Dates

1434-1519

Object Creation Date

15th century - early 16th century

Accession Number

2012/2.206

Medium and Support

woodcut on medium ivory laid paper

relevance

rank 1.18304

Secondary Keywords

edged weapons

objects we use

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by state or condition

weapons

weapons and ammunition

Title

Martyrdom of St. Matthew

Artist

Workshop of Michael Wolgemut

Physical Description

A haloed man kneels in three-quarter profile in the left center of the foreground of the composition. A male figure stands behind the haloed figure in a wide stance with an ax raised above the kneeling figure's head. In the background is another male figure wearing a pointed hat and a jester or demonic figure shown falling of a column in the distance in the upper left.

Artist Life Dates

1434-1519

Object Creation Date

circa 1493

Accession Number

2012/2.205

Medium and Support

woodcut on medium ivory laid paper

relevance

rank 1.18304

Secondary Keywords

edged weapons

objects we use

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by state or condition

weapons

weapons and ammunition

Title

Dvarapala (temple guardian; pair with 1980/2.290)

Artist

Artist Unknown, India, Kerala Workshop

Physical Description

The two-armed figure dances with his left leg raised and wrapped around a club. His left arm is extended down his body and holds onto the club and his right hand is raised almost to his ear. He wears much of jewelry including bracelets, anklets, necklaces with should loops and an elaborate belt almost forming an apron. His stomach protrudes over the belt. He also has large earrings in the form of roaring lions and a jewel encrusted crown. His eyes bulge out and his mouth is open showing his teeth. The whole is badly weathered and not nearly as crisp as his partner, 1980/2.290.

Century

15th century

Object Creation Date

15th century

Accession Number

1980/2.291

Medium and Support

wood

relevance

rank 1.18276

Secondary Keywords

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by activity

Title

Horse and rider

Artist

Artist Unknown, China

Century

7th century

Object Creation Date

early 7th century

Accession Number

1987/1.149

Medium and Support

earthenware with pale straw glaze

relevance

rank 1.18276

Secondary Keywords

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by activity

Title

Forced March to the Front between Lonie and Mitulen, Poland

Artist

André Kertész

Physical Description

A long row of male soldiers march down a Hungarian landscape. They are dressed in uniform and carrying artilery. They are boardered by a field of vegetation and an arid mountain range.

Artist Life Dates

1894-1985

Century

20th century

Object Creation Date

July 19, 1915; printed 1981

Accession Number

1985/1.125.9

Medium and Support

gelatin silver print on paper

relevance

rank 1.18175

Secondary Keywords

associated concepts

descriptors

design elements

firearms

objects we use

ornament areas

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people by occupation

people in military occupations

projectile weapons

projectile weapons with explosive propellant

religions

religions and religious concepts

weapons

weapons and ammunition

Title

Portrait of Mlle. Moreno

Artist

Edmond-François Aman-Jean

Artist Life Dates

1860-1935

Century

19th century

Object Creation Date

1897

Accession Number

1981/2.81

Medium and Support

color lithograph on paper

relevance

rank 1.18130

Secondary Keywords

biological components

components

components and systems

components by specific context

figures

heads

objects we use

people

people (agents)

people and culture

people and occupations

people by gender

the human body

upper body

visual works

visual works by subject type