The Cost of Producing Pig-Iron. [Volume: 8, Issue: 2, 1888, pp. 62-66]

64

UNITED STATES ASSOCIATION OF

[VOL. 8.

ceous and calcareous hematites practically self-fluxing) the coke
consumption per ton declined and the production of iron augmented steadily. In his paper Mr. Luermann shows that by improvements in coke manufacture the percentage of ash was reduced
from 14 to less than 9, and that waste gases taken from the coke
ovens and used for generating steam, together with the employment of improved machinery and practice reduced the consumption of coal for this purpose 142.2 kilos (313.1 pounds) in 1867, to
0.5 kilo (1.1 pounds) per ton of pig-iron made in 1887.
In the table the tons are metric tons (2,204 pounds) but the cost
has been reduced from marks (24 cents) into our own standard.
It was not deemed essential to reduce the metric tons to gross
tons, because the metric ton (2,204 pounds) is sufficiently close to
the gross ton (2,240 pounds) for ready comparison, and because
owing to sand allowance many American furnaces use bases from
2,240 to 2,300 pounds for a ton.
OPERATION OF THE ILSEDE (GERMANY) BLAST FURNACES.
1. * ', I. 1
0 S ~0 eS j.
(' 0 t4-b 4
1867........... 32.7 33.68 0.4641.... 1.38 $10 07
1868............. 52.7 35.16 0.4359 432 1.24 858
1869............ 61.5 36. 15 0.4271 437 1.18 8 51
1870,........... 71.6 36.60 0.4357 496 1.19 8 87
1871........... 68.4 35.50 0.4325 565 1.22 10 64
1872........... 72.4 36.27 0.4324 574 1.19 11 40
1873,........... 74.0 36.96 0.4561 545 1.23 15 51
1874........... 76.4 37.05 0.4175 520 1.13 11 51
1875,........... 79.4 37.12 0.4257 ' 585 1.15 9 37
1876,........... 76.1 36.88 0.4097 653 1.11 8 02
1877........... 84.6 36.75 0.3967 644 1.08 7 12
1878............ 95.0 36.21 0.3646 788 1.01 6 69
1879,............ 105.0 36.46 0.3470 756.95 * 6 05
1880,...... 109.6 36.14 0.3492 756.96 6 56
1881............ 115.7 35.68 0.3441 828.96 6 63
1882,..125.7 35.47 0.3401 896.96 6 96
1883, 139.0 36.13 0.3488 846.96 7 05
1884,.... 140.2 36.44 0.3474 853.95 6 48
1885,......... 14318. 35.77 0.3234 851.90 5 99
1886........... 142.1 36.55 0.3200 762.88 5 71
1887........... 156.2 35.57 0.3025 847.86 5 56