Southern Immigration—Brazil and British Honduras [pp. 537-545]

SOUTHIERN EMIGRATION.
The law shall determine in which cases this only exception shlall take place,
and establish the rules by which the indemnity is to be determined.
No sort of mode of work (occupation,) culture, industry, or commerce can be
prohibited, provided it cause no hindrance in the public customs, or to the secu rity, safety and health of the citizens.
The public functionaries are strictly responsible for the abuses and omissions
practised in the exercise of their functions, and for not holding their subalterns
effectively responsible.
Every citizen is entitled to present, in writing, to the legislative and execu tive powers, any claims, complaint or petitions, and even to expose any infrac tion on the constitution, requesting before the competent authority, the effective
responsibility of the infractors.
The constitution also guarantees public relief.
Primary instruction is gratis for all citizens.
Colleges and Universities where the elements of sciences, belles-lettres and
liberal arts shall be taught.
Naturalized foreigners may exercise every function, with the exception of
those of deputy to the General Assembly, minister of State and regent of the
Empire.
All those who ean be electors, are qualified to be nominated deputies, except
naturalized foreigners and those who do not profess the religion of the State.
Foreigners, even when naturalized, cannot be ministers of State.
The same paper furnishes answers to a series of questions pro pounded by a Southern planter, from which we condense the follow ing facts: There are some good roads in Brazil, but the majority are
simply mule-paths; good roads are not easily made, and the construc tion of railroads is very difficult. The American Colonies are firom
ten to one hundred miles distant from the markets and shipping
points. A planter can procure any amount of supplies necessary to
raise a crop-in most places they plant every month. Hogs can be
raised in great abundance, but the bacon cannot be cured as in North
America; beef, pork and mutton, are the principal meats. Insects
do not destroy crops badly, but in some places they are troublesome
to man and beast. For laborers, natives, slaves and foreigners may
be had in abundance, for prompt payment. Mules sell at $25 to
$100; cows, $5 to $40; and land, from 25 cents to $25 per acre.
A correspondent of the Reporter writes from what is called the Doce
country, as follows:
The population look healthy and vigorous, and attain frequently to great
longevity.
Horses in Brazil are small, cows, hogs and poultry do well; coffee, oranges
and lemons come in four years; bannanas, plantains and pine apples'in one;
mandicca in two; beans and corn in six months.
The coast towns of Brazil are generally at points where the highlnds and
mountains approach the sea, in consequence of which the localities are uneven,
and sometimes so steep that drays and carts cannot be used, and the negro is
made the bearer of burdens for commercial purposes.
Brazil, and I may add of the whole earth, is not a paradise. It has not
escaped the curse; if its agricultural products flourish perennially and in wild
luxuriance, its thorns and thistles, weeds and grass do so too; no frost ever
comes to aid the husbandman in his conflict with them. Its insects are numerous,
and some of them annoying; but excepting ants, I think not more so than in
the cotton reigons of the United States. It almost escapes house flies and bed
bugs; nor did I hear of much complaint of fleas; musquitoes abound in the
river bottoms, but are not numerous in other localities. Reptiles and ferocious
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