The Wine of the Bible, of Bible Lands, and of the Lord's Supper [pp. 564-595]

1871.] of Bible Lands, and of the Lord's Supper.
thou shalt be head' (Joma lxxvi. 2). Again in the Gemara:
'Wherefore is it called Tirosh''Because all who are drawn
to it shall be poor' (Tattam's Reply, 5). Sutch is the testimony
of the Rabbins, who ought to know something of their own
language. In accordance with this, the Targumists Onkelos
and Jonathan render tirosh, in every instance of its occurrence,
except in three cases where there is no word, or the word for
vineyard, by the word inm, chamar (Tattam, 5, 6).
" That tirosh denotes not' vine-fruit, the produce of the vine
in the solid form of grapes, raisins,' etc., but wine properly, is
sufficiently plain. Thus (Prov. iii. 10),'Thy presses shall
burst forth with new wine,' tirosh. (Is. lxii. 8),' The sons of
the stranger shall not drink thy wine,' tirosh. (Joel ii. 24),
'The fats shall overflow with wine (tirosh) and oil.' This,
according to the author of Lo Yayin, is an' image of abundance;' the' vats piled up with fruits so full, that what was
put on would roll off to the ground, because they could hold no
more!' (p. 54).
"It is, however, argued from Micah vi. 15, that tirosh means
grapes. Thou shalt tread tirosh, but shalt not drink the wine.
Tiirosh is here represented as being trodden, and must, therefore, it is concluded, be grapes. But in Is. xvi. 10, yayin is
represented as being trodden:' The treaders shall tread no All
(yayin) in their presses.' Is yayin also grapes? Surely one
must be very prosaic not to be capable of understanding such
modes of expression. It is also argued, from the occurrence of
the word along with corn (Gen. xxvii. 28), that tirosh is a solid
substance. The very opposite conclusion is, however, the natural one. Corn and wine are the two principal and representative kinds of food-the former of solids, the latter of liquids.
Bread and water occur very often together (ex. gr. Ezek. iv.
17; 1 Sam. xxv. 11, etc.). Is water then a solid?
"3. li, Chemner, from cliamar, r, cestuavit,ferbuit Chaldee form,'qn; LXX.o'voq, KcakXo;' Vinum a fervendo, et fermentando dictum' (Ges. Thes. 493). The word occurs eight times,
twice in its Hebrew, and six times in its Chaldee form. In Dent.
xxxii. 14 it is (in the A. V., after the Vulg.) treated as an
adjective and rendered'pure'-' the pure blood of the
grape,' instead of' the blood of the grape-wine,' chemer. The
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