Notice of Recent Publications [pp. 443-477]

Notices of Recent Publications.
constantly used by those who are dichotomists, and recognize only
one immaterial, intelligent entity within us.
Now all dichotomists concede that there may be various faculties
and capacities of the one immaterial soul, and that in man it is higher
than in brutes; that there may be sensation and sense-perception
without supersensual insight; instinct without reason, and the power
of reasoning; all other insight, intuitive and discursive, without
knowledge of the good, the true, and the beautiful, or of God in
wholn all these are concreted; a speculative without a spiritual
knowledge of God; in short, that one may be a mere natural or psychical without being a spiritual or pneumatical man. But do all these
different powers belong to numerically different entities or agentst
Do they require two such substances, or if two, why not a dozen I
Or do they pertain to one indivisible soul and spirit, according as it
may be variously enlightened, quickened or endowed? The dichotomists say that one indivisible mind, self or ego is the subject of all
these varied forms or grades of conscious being. The trichotomists
say that besides the body there are two such entities, viz., the soul and
the spirit.
Now we have said that we do not understand our author on this
subject, and that we are' not sure he understands his own ground.
Why? He is a strenuous trichotomist. But does he hold that soul
and spirit are different substances, or the spirit is a substance different
firom body? We do not know, and we will show our readers why we
are puzzled. Indeed, we sometimines are not clear whether in his view
body and spirit are different substances. Thus hp tells us, pp. 90-92,
that we gather firom Scripture that "The psyche is the life of man in
its widest and most inclusive sense, embracing not only the animal
but also the intellectual and moral faculties, in so far as their exercise has not been depraved by the fall." "It is the formative principle
of our body and mind." "The psyche of Scripture is the sum total
of man's natural powers, the life as born into the world, and all that
it contains or can attain to," p. 93. While this seems to identify body
and soul as to their ultimate principle or essence, he says, p. 103,
" Not so with the spirit; it comes from God, and is of God. Let us not
shrink from using the expression that it proceeds from God not by
creation but by emanation. Mere creationism fails to bring out the
meaning of that expression,'God breathed into his nostrils the breath
of life.' It were Pantheism to speak of nature as substantial with
God. The creature is his handiwork... But the spirit in man is
divine, consubstantia? with God, who is the Father of spirits, as our
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