The American Colleges and the American Public. By Noah Porter, D.D., Professor in Yale College. [pp. 622-640]

Jf~~itO(~ ~X i;~crq~ LJ~~cq&o~~. [OcTu~LR,
uf)oi~ {o~g ~ersiste~t abuses; ttie Vni~Tersi~v of ~ase1 ~e4 t~ie
~`a'y to re~orn~ation in S~itze~~and in the Vuiversity ~r NYittenber~, Luther ai~d iAlelanetlion ~~ere professors; fron~ that
of ~~`~ris ~~~ent f~rtJ} Farel and ~Tiret a~~d Catvin; in tiie n~ivers~ties of Li~gI ai~d ~~ere pre1~ared the tl~eoIogians of the feign
of Ld~~'~id VI., and there did ~ueer a~~d I~~t~~ ~Iartyr fud
refuge and in t}ie University of St. Aiidre~~s did tl~e Seoteh
re~orn~ation open its C(~fCCf ai~d offer lip its first martyr, a~d
t~~ere Nvere equipped for their ~~or}~ and t}ieir snfibrii~g iI~tini1ton J3ueha~~an and I~iiox. The I~~eforn~ation ~~as, nn4er Prov n~iiversities and
ideiiee, en~pbatiea~ly tlie offspring of the
n~cst of theni sufibred severely froi~ t}te conflict ~liich it involved. It ~~as inevitable that die seat of ~~ar sJion~d be i~ost
deeply agitated by tlie strife. And ~~iien the eon~batants
eiiiclAed hito peace at its c}ose, it ~~as to find t1ien~selves
}~roken aiid divided, sonic having trinlulAled and held their
~round on the side of reforn~ation, and others driven bacl~
toward the ~~osition of tiie ~Iidd}e Ages. %~et the ~vorL effected
proved for the beiietit of all. Fularged and more generally
enlightened intellect was applied to their improvement, in
moi~e dlstinct separation aiid classification of tlie worl~ of the
old nni~ersities; and iii tlie estabbs~iment of new, upon in~proved prin cip] es.
Iii tlie long course of tliat colitroversy and its sequel, tlie
preparatory schools were separated froiii tlie nuiversities and
set up by d~emselves at various places over the country, a step
~~liich was also rendered necessary by tlie brcal&iiig down of
the convents and monasteries. School cdncation was iio longer
to be confined to literary centres, but to be put within easy
reach of every ft~tnily dirougliout the Protestant woAd.
The university course, as thus distiugniMied from tlie
school, consisted of two separate departments, the liberal and
p~~ofessional. Tlie former liad orighially consisted of two parts,
tlie T)~ifi?C?Th and QUc(~~i~i~~~?, aiid although the distinction
betwceu these two was iio longer scrupulously observed, studies
belonging to the one being in sou~e cases puisued withiii tlie
bouiids formerly reserved for tl)C other, still die course of Arts
reninined twotold. To tlie fist part, N\4iich eorresl)oiided to
tlie old T~~iri?~~?, as to the p] ace which it occul)ied, were