Census of 1860 [pp. 226-242]

232 Census of 1860. [APRIL
1,153 shepherds; 722 of them in California, and 412 in the
territory of New ~1exico.
During the decade from 1850 to 1860, more than fifty miilions of acres of land were brought into cultivation; and the
productions of agriculture multiplied in ratio greater than tbe
population. The products of manufactures increased nine hundred millions of dollars, or at tlie rate of eighty-six per cent.
The banking capital ran up from about $230,000,000 in 1850,
to nearly $soo,ooo,ooo in 18(30, while the circulating currency
was augmented more than $52,000,000. The amount of insurances increased about $311,000,000. More than 22,000
miles of railroad were completed, and the capital involved
increased from less than $300,000,000 in 1850, to more than
$1,151,500,000 in 1860; "while to indicate on the map of our
country the lines of telegraph, would be to represent the web
of the spider over its entire surface. Our internal and foreign
trade kept pace with our advance in production and increase of
capital. Education, free to a great extent, has been made
more accessible, and crime bas rather diminished. We expe
rienced no effects of wide-spread pestilence, and our country
seemed the chosen abode of prosperity and peace."
Of the entire population of the United States, 87 per cent.
are native born; 13 per cent. are foreign born, of whom more
than 5 per cent. are Irish, and more than four German. New
York bas the largest number of foreigners; in round numbers
nearly a million, which is a fourth part of all in the United
States, and also a fourth part of the total population of that
state. North Carolina and Florida have the smallest number,
being about equal, or only about 3,000 each; but the total
population of North Carolina is nearly one million. The greatest
foreign increase has been in New York, Illinois, Wisconsin, and
Pennsylvania; the least in Vermont, Florida, North Carolina,
and South Carolina. The greatest number of Irish reside in
New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and Illinois; the
smallest number in Florida, North Carolina, Oregon, and
Arkansas. The greatest number of Germans reside in New
York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Illinois; the smallest number
in Vermont, Maine, New llampshire, and Florida. Of the
whole number of foreign born mor~ than three millions and