The works of Francis Bacon, lord chancellor of England.

PHYSIOLOGICAL REMAINS. 461
arborescents; indurationandmollification; making and what will make them softer and softer.
tough or brittle; volatility and fixation; transmu- And this inquiry tendeth to two ends; first, for
tation, or version. use; as to make iron soft by the fire makes it malFor tincture: it is to be inquired how metal leable. Secondly, because induration is a degree
may be tinged through and through, and with towards fixation, and mollification towards volawhat, and into what colours; as tinging silver tility; and therefore the inquiry of them will give
yellow, tinging copper white, and tinging red, light towards the other.
green, blue; especially with keeping the lustre. For tough and brittle, they are much of the
Item, tincture of glasses. same kind, but yet worthy of an inquiry apart, esItem, tincture of marble, flint, or other stone. pecially to join hardness with toughness, as making
For turning into rust, two things are chiefly to glass malleable, etc., and making blades strong to
be inquired; by what corrosives it is done, and resist and pierce, and yet not easy to break.
into what colours it turns; as lead into white, For volatility and fixation. It is a principal
which they call "( ceruss;" iron into yellow, which branch to be inquired. The utmost degree of fixthey call "; crocus martis;" quicksilver into vermi- ation is that whereon no fire will work, nor strong
lion; brass into green, which they call verdigris. water joined with fire, if there be any such fixaFor calcination; how every metal is calcined, tion possible. The next is, when fire simply will
and into what kind of body, and what is the ex- not work without strong waters. The next is by
quisitest way of calcination. the test. The next is when it will endure fire not
For sublimation; to inquire the manner of sub- blown, or such a strength of fire. The next is
liming, and what metals endure subliming, and when it will not endure, but yet is malleable.
what body the sublimate makes. The next is when it is not malleable, but yet is not
For precipitation likewise; by what strong fluent, but stupefied. So of volatility, the utmost
water every metal will precipitate, and with what degree is when it will fly away without returning.
additaments, and in what time, and into what body. The next is when it will fly up, but with ease reSo for amalgama; what metals will endure it, turn. The next is when it will fly upwards over the
what are the means to do it, and whatis the manner helm by a kind of exsufflation without vapouring.
of the body. The next is when it will melt, though not rise.
For vitrification likewise; what metals will en- The next is when it will soften, though not melt.
dure it, what are the means to do it, into what Of all these diligent inquiry is to be made in sevecolour it turns; and, farther, where the whole metal ral metals, especially of the more extreme degrees.
is turned into glass, and where the metal doth bnt For transmutation or version. If it be real and
hang in the glassy parts; also what weight the true, it is the farthest part of art, and would be
vitrified body bears, compared with the crude well distinguished from extraction, from restitubody; also because vitrification is accounted a tion, and fiom adulteration. I hear much of turnkind of death of metals, what vitrification will ing iron into copper; I hear also of the growth of
admit of turning back again, and what not. lead in weight, which cannot be without a conFor dissolution into liquor, we are to inquire version of some body into lead: but whatsoever
what is the proper "6 menstruum" to dissolve any is of this kind, and well expressed, is diligently
metal, and in the negative, what will touch upon to be inquired and set down.
the one and not upon the other, and what several
"; menstrua" will dissolve any metal, and which Dr. efiverel's answers to the foregoing questions,
most exactly.,, Item," the process or motion of concerning the variation of metals and minerals.
the dissolution, the manner of rising, boiling, va- 1. For tinctures, there are none that I know,
pouring more violent, or more gentle, causing but that rich variety which springs from mixture
much heat or less. " Item," the quantity or charge of metals with metals, or imperfect minerals.
that the strong water will bear, and then give over: 2. The imperfect metals are subject to rust, all
" Item," the colour into which the liquor will of them except mercury, which is made into verturn. Above all, it is to be inquired, whether milion by solution, or calcination. The rest are
there be any "menstruum" to dissolve any metal rusted by any salt, sour, or acid water. lead
that is not fretting, or corroding; and openeth the into a white body, called cerussa. Iron into a pale
body by sympathy, and not by mordacity or vio- red, called ferrugo. Copper isturned into green,
lent penetration. named arugo, Ws viride. Tin into white: but
For sprouting or branching, though it be a this is not in use, neither bath it obtained a name.
thingl but transitory, and akind of toy or pleasure, The Scriptures mention the rust of gold, but
yet there is a more serious use of it: for that it that is in regard of the allay.
discovereth the delicate motions of spirits, when 3. Calcination. All metals may be calcined by
they put forth and cannot get forth, like unto that strong waters, or by admixtion of salt, sulphur,
which is in vegetables. and mercury. The imperfect metals may be calFor induration, or mollification; it is to be in- cined by continuance of simple fire; iron thus
quired what will make metals harder and harder, calcined is called ciocus martis.
2 Q