The works of Francis Bacon, lord chancellor of England.

ANALYSIS OF THE ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING. 145
NATURAL RELIGION.......... 194 2. Plato discovered that forms were the true
1. It is objects of knowledge.
That knowledge or rudiment of knowledge Plato beheld all things as from a cli.
concerning God, which may be obtained by 2. By keeping a watchful and severe eye upon action
the contemplation of his creatures. and use, forms may be discovered...... 197
2. The proper limits of this knowledge are that it suf- 3. The forms of nature in her more simple existficeth to convince atheism.............. 194 ence are first to be determined......... 197
3. It is not safe from contemplations of nature to judge 4. Physic makes inquiry of the same natures as
upon questions of faith............... 195 metaphysic, but only as to efficient causes. 197
Men and gods were not able to draw Ju- 5. This part of metaphysic is defective.
piter down to the earth; but contrariwise, 6. The use of this part of metaphysic.
Jupiter was able to draw them up to heaven. 1. To abridge the infinity of individual ex4. This is not deficient, but not restrained within pro- perience.
per limits. That knowledge is worthiest, which is
5. Of angels. charged with least multiplicity; which apIt is no more unlawful to inquire the na- peareth to be Metaphysic; as that which
ture of evil spirits, than to inquire the force considereth the simple forms or differences of
of poisons in nature, or the nature of sin and things, which are few in number, and the device in morality. grees and co-ordinations whereof make all
6. Inquiries respecting angels are not deficient. this variety.
2. To enfranchise the power of man by faciliNATURAL PEILOsSOPHY. tating the production of effects.
1. Division.
1. Speculative or inquisition of causes. Of Final Causes............ 198
2. Operative or production of effects.... 195 1. The inquiry of final causes is not deficient, but has
If then, it be true that Democritus said, been misplaced.
" That the truth of nature lieth hid in certain i. The investigating final causes in physics
deep mines and caves:" and if it be true like-'lias intercept-e the true inquiry of real
wise that the alchymists do so much inculcate, physical causes.
that Vulcan is a second nature, and imitateth To say. that'7thAilairs of the eyelids are for
that dexterously and compendiously, which a quickset and fence about the sight; or that
nature worketh by ambages and length of the firmness of the skins and hides of living
time, it were good to divide natural philosophy creatures is to defend them from the extremiinto the mine and the furnace; and to make ties of heat or cold; or that the bones are for
two professions or occupations of natural phi- the columns or beams, whereupon the frames
losophers, some to be pioneers and some smiths; of the bodies of living creatures are built; or
some to dig, and some to refine and hammer. that the leaves of trees are for protecting of
2. Connection between cause and effect...... 195 the fruit; or that the clouds are for the watering of the earth; or that the solidness of
the earth is for the station and mansion of
1. Division. living creatures, and the like, is well inquired
1. Physic. and collected in Metaphysic; but in Phy2. Metaphysic. sic they are impertinent. Nay, they are
2. Of the impropriety of using new words for new indeed but remoras and hinderances to stay
ideas. and slug the ship from further sailing; and
3. Of the meaning of the words physic and meta- have brought this to pass, that the search of
physic............................... 196 the physical causes hath been neglected, and
PHY'SIC. passed in silence.
2. Of t heerrors in ancient philosophy from
1. Physic contemplates the efficient cause what is inrmix i g~ormaland causes.. 198
herent in matter and ranstory...... 196.... 19
transitory...Not because mose ancauss are not true,
2. Physic is situate between natural history and meta- and worthy to be inuired, being ket within
and worthy to be inquired, being kept within
physic.. ~~~~~~~ ~................, 196 their own province; but because their excur3. Division of physic. 196 sions into the limits of physical causes hath
1. AS it respects nature united......... 196 bred a vastness and solitude in that track.
1. The doctrine of the contexture or. 2. There is no repugnance between formal and final
configuration of things. causes............................... 198
2. The doctrine concerning the princi- 3. These opinions confirm divine providence
ples of things.
2. As it respects nature diffused. Mathematic.............. 198
4. It is not deficient'........................ 196 1. Reason for classing it as a part of metaphysic.
METAPHYSIC. 2. From the nature of the mind to wander in gene
ralities, mathematics have more laboured than
any other form.
It inquires into formal and finalcauses........ 196 3 T here is no difference in mathematics....... 19
1 - 3. InThere is no difference in mathematics. 198
1. Inquiry whitfi-et-r-orms iare discoverable. 4. Division of mathematics: 1st, pure; 2d, mixed.
1. Their discovery is of the utmost importance.
They are ill discoverers that think there is Pure Mathematics.
no land, when they can see nothing but sea. 1. It is that science which handles quantity deter
In the Treatise De Augmentis there is in this place, a minate, merely severed from axioms of natural
considerable addition. philosophy, and is geometry or arithmetic. 199
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